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Technological change has a relevant role to play in the transition towards a sustainable industry. However, slow diffusion of clean technologies can be observed in OECD countries. The analysis of the determinants and barriers to clean technology adoption should be a main goal of economists and social scientists. This paper shows that three sets of interrelated factors prevent but also stimulate the widespread adoption and diffusion of clean technology: these are factors external and internal to the firm, conditions of the potential adopters and characteristics of the environmental technology. These factors are included in the so-called ‘triangular model’, which is further applied to the analysis of clean technology adoption in the pulp and paper industry in Spain. The empirical study shows that clean technology adoption decisions are the result of an interaction between these factors, often involving contradictory signals for the potential adopter. The paper closes with some public policy recommendations for the effective and efficient promotion of clean technology diffusion. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing applications have a long history in treeline research. Recent reviews have examined the topic mainly from a methodological point of view. Here, we propose a question‐oriented review of remote sensing in treeline ecology to relate remote sensing methodologies to key ecological metrics and identify knowledge gaps and promising areas for future research. We performed a meta‐analysis to assess the role of remote sensing as a tool for measuring spatial patterns and dynamics of alpine and Arctic treeline ecotone globally. We assessed the geographic distribution, scale of analysis, and relationships between remote sensing techniques and treeline ecological metrics through co‐occurrence mapping and multivariate statistics. Our analysis revealed that only 10% of treeline ecology studies applied remote sensing tools, often associated with the keyword 'climate change'. Monitoring studies adopted coarser spatial resolutions over longer temporal extents in comparison with other treeline studies. A multiscale and multi‐sensor spatial approach was implemented in just 19% of papers. Long‐term research commonly relied on aerial and oblique photography to measure treeline shifts through photointerpretation within a multidisciplinary framework. More recent treeline dynamics were often quantified using greenness trends derived from the pixel‐based classification of satellite images. Many recent short‐term studies focused on delineating tree scale metrics derived from the object‐based classification of uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) images or LiDAR data. Over the past decade, high‐resolution and low‐cost UAV remote sensing has emerged as an interesting opportunity to fill the gap between local‐scale ecological patterns and coarse‐resolution satellite sensors. Additionally, treeline remote sensing applications would strongly benefit from multidisciplinary frameworks that integrate field studies in ecology and environmental science. The multi‐dimensional structural complexity of treelines typically responds to environmental drivers over multiple scales and thus is best described with multiscale and multi‐sensor approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's views on the type of research papers published on the study of ecology. He discusses how most of these publications are read by few and receive less attention from scientific community. Most biological and medical scientists publish their work to communicate knowledge and others to gain prestige. Those who want to survive in the competition, send materials to journals of science and nature.

Authorship is intended to convey information regarding credit and responsibility for manuscripts. However, while there is general agreement within ecology that the first author is the person who contributed the most to a particular project, there is less agreement regarding whether being last author is a position of significance and regarding what is indicated by someone being the corresponding author on a manuscript. Using an analysis of papers published in American Naturalist, Ecology, Evolution, and Oikos, I found that: (1) the number of authors on papers is increasing over time; (2) the proportion of first authors as corresponding author has increased over time, as has the proportion of last authors as corresponding author; (3) 84% of papers published in 2016 had the first author as corresponding author; and (4) geographic regions differed in the likelihood of having the first (or last) author as corresponding author. I also carried out an online survey to better understand views on last and corresponding authorship. This survey revealed that most ecologists view the last author as the 'senior' author on a paper (i.e., the person who runs the research group in which most of the work was carried out), and most ecologists view the corresponding author as the person taking full responsibility for a paper. However, there was substantial variation in views on authorship, especially corresponding authorship. Given these results, I suggest that discussions of authorship have as their starting point that the first author will be corresponding author and the senior author will be last author. I also suggest ways of deciding author order in cases where two senior authors contributed equally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The UC Berkeley Random Walk Algorithm WaterMask from CYGNSS (Berkeley‐RWAWC) is a new data product designed to address the challenges of monitoring inundation in regions hindered by dense vegetation and cloud cover as is the case in most of the Tropics. The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) constellation provides data with a higher temporal repeat frequency compared to single‐satellite systems, offering the potential for generating moderate spatial resolution inundation maps with improved temporal resolution while having the capability to penetrate clouds and vegetation. This paper details the development of a computer vision algorithm for inundation mapping over the entire CYGNSS domain (37.4°N–37.4°S). The sole reliance on CYGNSS data sets our method apart in the field, highlighting CYGNSS's indication of water existence. Berkeley‐RWAWC provides monthly, low‐latency inundation maps starting in August 2018 and across the CYGNSS latitude range, with a spatial resolution of 0.01° × 0.01°. Here we present our workflow and parameterization strategy, alongside a comparative analysis with established surface water data sets (SWAMPS, WAD2M) in four regions: the Amazon Basin, the Pantanal, the Sudd, and the Indo‐Gangetic Plain. The comparisons reveal Berkeley‐RWAWC's enhanced capability to detect seasonal variations, demonstrating its usefulness in studying tropical wetland hydrology. We also discuss potential sources of uncertainty and reasons for variations in inundation retrievals. Berkeley‐RWAWC represents a valuable addition to environmental science, offering new insights into tropical wetland dynamics. Plain Language Summary: The UC Berkeley Random Walk Algorithm WaterMask from CYGNSS (Berkeley‐RWAWC) is a new data product developed to better monitor areas that are hard to observe due to thick vegetation and clouds, such as tropical regions. Using data from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), an 8‐satellite constellation, Berkeley‐RWAWC has more frequent data collection compared to single‐satellite systems. This allows mapping of flooding or water accumulation with improved accuracy over time, even in clouds‐prone and overgrown areas. Berkeley‐RWAWC spans from 37.4° North to 37.4° South and consists of monthly inundation maps at approximately 1 km by 1 km resolution since August 2018. The method places the greatest emphasis on CYGNSS data indications of where is the water, making it different from others. In this paper, we explain how we made the maps, and compare them with other data sets in four different areas: the Amazon Basin, the Pantanal, the Sudd, and the Indo‐Gangetic Plain. Our comparisons show that Berkeley‐RWAWC is better at showing how water changes with the seasons, which is useful for understanding tropical wetland water cycles. Berkeley‐RWAWC is publicly available and can become an important new resource for studying our planet, especially in the study of patterns in tropical wetlands. Key Points: Vegetation and clouds can obstruct the view of waterbodies, making accurate, seasonal mapping difficultThis new CYGNSS‐based product combines L‐band microwaves with computer vision to produce quasi‐global monthly maps of waterbodiesThe product shows greater seasonal and interannual variability than other data sets for new insights into tropical hydrological processes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micromagnetic modeling allows the systematic study of the effects of particle size and shape on the first‐order reversal curve (FORC) magnetic hysteresis response for magnetite particles in the single‐domain (SD) and pseudo‐single domain (PSD) particle size range. The interpretation of FORCs, though widely used, has been highly subjective. Here, we use micromagnetics to model randomly oriented distributions of particles to allow more physically meaningful interpretations. We show that one commonly found type of PSD particle—namely the single vortex (SV) particle—has far more complex signals than SD particles, with multiple peaks and troughs in the FORC distribution, where the peaks have higher switching fields for larger SV particles. Particles in the SD to SV transition zone have the lowest switching fields. Symmetrical and prolate particles display similar behavior, with distinctive peaks forming near the vertical axis of the FORC diagram. In contrast, highly oblate particles produce "butterfly" structures, suggesting that these are potentially diagnostic of particle morphology. We also consider FORC diagrams for distributions of particle sizes and shapes and produce an online application that users can use to build their own FORC distributions. There is good agreement between the model predictions for distributions of particle sizes and shapes, and the published experimental literature. Plain Language Summary: In Earth, planetary and environmental sciences, magnetic methods are often used to rapidly measure the properties of rocks, sediments, meteorites, and soils. These magnetic properties can be proxies for environmental change or indicators of magnetic recording fidelity. The magnetic properties are dependent on the magnetic mineralogy and particle size and shape of the minerals within a sample. There is no single measurement that provides a unique interpretation; instead, a range of methods are applied, one of which is magnetic hysteresis analysis. First‐order reversal curves (FORCs) are an advanced type of hysteresis analysis, and the FORC response of a mineral depends on magnetic domain state, which is strongly controlled by both the size and shape of a particle. We understand the FORC response of very big (> ${ >} $1,000 nm) and very small particles (< ${< } $100 nm), but interpretation for particles in between, the so called pseudo‐single domain (PSD) state, has remained elusive. This is a problem as the magnetic signature of many rocks is dominated by PSD signals. In this paper we use numerical micromagnetic modeling to systematically study the effect of particle size and shape on particles that support a particular type of PSD FORC response—the single‐vortex. Key Points: We have modeled first‐order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams for single‐domain and single‐vortex sized magnetite for a range of particle sizes and morphologiesSingle‐vortex particles display complex structures in the FORC distribution with multiple peaks and troughsThe main peaks of the single‐vortex FORC distributions have higher coercivities than the single‐domain peak [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduces the articles published in the December 2003 issue of the periodical "Area". Topics of the articles; Authors who contributed to the issue.

While environmental science, and ecology in particular, is working to provide better understanding to base sustainable decisions on, the way scientific understanding is developed can at times be detrimental to this cause. Locked‐in debates are often unnecessarily polarised and can compromise any common goals of the opposing camps. The present paper is inspired by a resolved debate from an unrelated field of psychology where Nobel laureate David Kahneman and Garry Klein turned what seemed to be a locked‐in debate into a constructive process for their fields. The present paper is also motivated by previous discourses regarding the role of thresholds in natural systems for management and governance, but its scope of analysis targets the scientific process within complex social‐ecological systems in general. We identified four features of environmental science that appear to predispose for locked‐in debates: (1) The strongly context‐dependent behaviour of ecological systems. (2) The dominant role of single hypothesis testing. (3) The high prominence given to theory demonstration compared investigation. (4) The effect of urgent demands to inform and steer policy. This fertile ground is further cultivated by human psychological aspects as well as the structure of funding and publication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the impact of the introduction of an Open & FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) data sharing policy on six earth and environmental science journals published by Taylor & Francis, beginning in November 2019. Notably, 18 months after implementing this new policy, we observed minimal impacts on submission, acceptance rates, or peer‐review times for the participating journals. This paper describes the changes that were required to internal systems and processes in order to implement the new policy, and compares our findings with recent literature reports on the impact of journals introducing data‐sharing policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the full‐sample panel data from 23 provinces and cities in China from 2013 to 2020, this paper studies the influences of environmental regulations on regional carbon emission efficiency in China under the background of opening carbon emission trading after dividing the country into high, medium, and low emission areas with emission quantity as the classification standard and constructing a regression model. The experiment reveals that the environmental regulation strength and carbon dioxide emission efficiency are positively correlated with each other in the first place. Second, there exists a positive correlation between environmental regulation strength and carbon dioxide emission efficiency in different emission regions, while in terms of the impact of environmental regulation on carbon emission efficiency, it influences the medium emission areas most, followed by low emission areas, and the high emission areas to the least. Then, current domestic environmental regulation is effective and plays a positive role in improving carbon emission efficiency and promoting the development of a low‐carbon economy in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports developments on the success of the "Journal of Ecology," the official publication of the British Ecological Society in Great Britain. The Impact Factor of the "Journal of Ecology" has increased by about 26 percent between 2004 and 2005. Jian-Ming Deng has awarded the 2006 John L. Harper Young Investigator's Prize for his paper about the relationship of plant mass-density and moisture gradient that was published in the journal. Meran Owen has been appointed as managing editor for the journal.

The article discusses the significance of citing references in research works pertaining to ecology and the environment. According to the author, research works and such other papers about ecology the foundation of ecological science. The credibility of scientific work depends on its verifiable citations which functions to support the arguments presented in the paper. However, the author argues that there is no existing studies which explore the suitability or even fidelity of citations in ecological journals.

Moreover, grassland specialist species on the MCH are rare; other studies affirm I c i . 90% of species are forest limited, with only I c i . 2% limited to grassland (Dufils, [7]; Joseph & Seymour, [17]). However, as noted by Joseph and Seymour ([18]), that study is flawed, overreporting grassland-limited species and arguing for predominant C SB 4 sb -grazing Malagasy hippos that coevolved with grasslands based on carbon isotope data from "several" African hippos dated to I c i . 1950 (Bond et al., [3]). Extensive empirical research on the Malagasy Central Highlands (MCH) - including multiple papers published over the past few years - does not support the conclusion of the modeling study by Goel et al. ([11]) that forests are "range pinned" to the east of the MCH by an escarpment causing dispersal limitation. Although Goel et al. label these "savanna trees", no MCH trees are unequivocally "savanna trees" (Joseph et al., [15]) and omitting them is likely to favor grassland over forest in model outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents an explanation from the author of the journal "Functional Ecology," discussing the history and the reason for its similarity with the journal "Biological Reviews". The author mentions that some confusion led to the considerable degree of similarity between the two papers. "Functional Ecology," which is prepared keeping in mind a specific set of readers, is a shorter edition of "Biological Reviews," that presents a detailed description of animal isotopic ecology.

Although a lack of critical perspective in environmental management has been acknowledged, the frequency of this perspective has not been measured. This was noted in the editorial of Business Strategy and the Environment (BSE) 1998, where Richard Welford called for more critical theory in environmental management. BSE can be seen as a forerunner in the field. Therefore, it could be expected that the most critical and reflective research contributing to sustainable development in companies could be published in the journal. In order to analyse the extent to which critical perspective is present in environmental management, we reviewed the last six years of BSE. We found that the studies undertaken generally follow the positivist paradigm, which almost exclusively echoes marginal adjustments. Papers with a critical perspective are in the minority. Using Jürgen Habermas' work on communicative action and discourse, we conclude that there is a distortion in this scientific discourse. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on previous issues published in the journal "Journal of Ecology." From 2006, Journal of Ecology will be published in odd-numbered months. i.e. the cover months will he January, March, May, July, September, and November. Issues will be available online around the middle of the previous month. Printed copies are scheduled for dispatch so that they arrive by the beginning of the cover month. Reviews are becoming an increasingly regular feature of the Journal. The Journal will be slightly larger in 2006 than in 2005. The aim of the leading international journal is to publish papers providing valuable ecological information with generic, rather than specific applicability, which answer important questions and that test novel and topical hypotheses. In order to assess the level of interest within the ecological community for alternative models for funding publication. Journal of Ecology is included in 'Online-Open,' a trial pay-to-publish service from Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

The article presents information on the "Journal of Ecology." Journal of Ecology was established by the British Ecological Society in 1913. It is the oldest international, peer-reviewed ecological journal, currently publishing its 93rd volume. Journal of Ecology accepts papers on all ecological subjects that are plant-related and that present strong, original ecological messages that transcend the limits of case studies. The majority of the output of Journal of Ecology is both widely cited and cited over a long period.

Online submission and review of manuscripts is now required. Please follow the instructions for authors given below. When your manuscript has been prepared in accordance with these instructions, please access the following web site:. You must selectFunctional Ecologywhen you log on to the online submission site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online submission and review of manuscripts is now required. Please follow the instructions for authors given below. When your manuscript has been prepared in accordance with these instructions, please access the following web site: . You must select Functional Ecology when you log on to the online submission site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in the wine industry are family owned and operated providing a unique organisational structure to study environmental sustainability engagement. However, researchers at the intersection of environmental sustainability (ES) and family businesses tend to oversimplify family businesses as homogeneous regarding ES. Therefore, the broader goal of this paper is to investigate the antecedents of heterogeneities among family firms related to ES. The paper aims to understand how family firms portray different aspects of family influence (family goals, family values, culture and ethics, and the imprints of the founders and the next generation) in their ES disclosures. Family logics are used as a theoretical lens to analyse family influence. A qualitative content analysis of 72 corporate websites of family firms operating in the New Zealand wine industry was conducted. Antecedents of heterogeneities were revealed with a discussion of three typologies of family firms: family first, business first and upstarts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of emissions from the fuel and energy sectors adversely affects the environment on the economies of countries. One of these pollutants is volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which contribute to the formation of tropospheric ozone. Emissions of hydrocarbon formation in the form of VOCs occur in four stages of the fuel and energy industry sector: (1) production, (2) processing, (3) transportation, and (4) storage. The oil and gas industry ranks among the top polluting industries in terms of VOC emissions. Research on the negative impact of VOCs, as well as CO2 emissions from the consequences of the extraction, processing, transport, and storage of oil and gas on the ecosystem of the planet and the population, has begun to be studied by science recently. Typically, these studies were conducted using laboratory and field analyses, as well as using data on anthropogenic emissions in the development of regulatory documents and requirements governing the control of VOC and CO2 emissions in the oil and gas industry. This paper presents a critical analysis of the literature on research on the negative effects of VOC emissions on the ecosystem and human health because of such factors as production, processing, transportation, and storage of hydrocarbons. This analysis shows the global magnitude of VOC emissions. Data from human‐made emissions from the oil and gas industry and direct emissions from transportation and energy processing were used to figure out how VOCs affect the environment around the world and how far they spread. In conclusion, this study found patterns of VOC emissions that show how important it is to control VOCs during the production, processing, transportation, and storage of oil and gas, as well as how important it is to create a single research base on emissions for each industry sector and on sources of greenhouse gas absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photograph from the ORNL archives). gl Soon after moving to Oak Ridge, Jerry won the prestigious George Mercer Award from the Ecological Society of America for the best academic paper by a young ecologist (Olson 1958)[1]. Jerry Olson (Photo 1) is a legend in the field of ecology. Jerry's interest in ecological systems, along with his extensive travels, led to him being an early investigator in the field of global ecology. Jerry became one of the first scientists to advocate for research into the role of terrestrial ecosystems in the global carbon cycle and how it could respond to climate change (Baes et al. 1977). [Extracted from the article]

Diversifying curricula is of increasing interest in higher education, including in ecology and evolution and allied fields. Yet, many educators may not know where to start. Here we provide a framework for meeting standard curriculum goals while enacting anti‐racist and anti‐colonial syllabi that is grounded in the development of a sustainable network of educators. In addition to highlighting this professional learning process and sharing the list of resources our group has developed, we provide suggestions to help educators highlight contributions of minoritized groups, explore multiple ways of knowing, and perform critical assessments of foundational views of life and environmental science fields. We further discuss the key classroom dynamics that affect the success of such anti‐racist and anti‐colonial initiatives. The retention and success of minoritized students in ecology and evolution depends on whether we address injustices in our fields. Our hope is that our fellow educators will use this paper to catalyze their own efforts to diversify their courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societal Impact Statement: The coronavirus pandemic has reminded us that green spaces provide sanctuary and comfort, as well as opportunities for release and relief, during difficult times. However, to ensure continuing viability, botanical gardens can do more to address important societal concerns, especially around the environment. Sustaining relevance through action, especially local action, while also thinking beyond botanical science, and making creative use of electronic outreach will help botanic gardens to flourish. Summary: This paper is a personal reflection on high‐level issues relevant to future of botanic gardens and similar organisations, based on the personal experiences of the author at the Field Museum in Chicago, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in London, the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies (now the Yale School of the Environment) in New Haven, Connecticut, and the Oak Spring Garden Foundation in northern Virginia. Botanic gardens have the inherent advantage that passages of nature, especially in cities, are vital for individual and social well‐being. But this natural advantage needs to be supplemented by actions that take into account a changing world and that respond in meaningful ways to the concerns of supporters and stakeholders. I emphasise five principles that are important now and for the future: (1) Sustaining relevance is key; (2) science is not enough; (3) actions speak louder than words; (4) local action is disproportionately important; and (5) electronic outreach is not optional. Leadership from outstanding individuals is also vital. Finding, encouraging and developing energetic people who are open minded, determined to make a difference and willing to embrace change is vital for institutional success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biotropica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is a special issue of the Vadose Zone Journal dedicated to Dr. Rien van Genuchten, who was awarded the prestigious international Wolf Prize for Agriculture. The article highlights Dr. van Genuchten's contributions to the field of soil physics and vadose zone hydrology, particularly his work on fluid flow and contaminant transport processes in unsaturated soils. The special issue includes articles from authors who have collaborated with Dr. van Genuchten or built their research programs based on his contributions. It also features contributions from scientists from other disciplines who have applied his concepts to address various environmental issues. The article emphasizes Dr. van Genuchten's impact on the careers of students and early-career soil physicists, as well as his support for scientists from non-Western countries. It also discusses the interdisciplinary nature of soil research and the importance of collaborations between different disciplines. Overall, the article recognizes Dr. van Genuchten's significant contributions to the field and his dedication to mentoring and supporting the next generation of scientists. [Extracted from the article]

This special issue of Business Strategy and the Environment examines the role and contribution of networks to environmental management and sustainable development. The paper has two main purposes. It situates networks and their contribution to environmental management and sustainable development within the tradition of meta-problems and socio-technical systems. This provides an important conceptual frame for the field. It offers a robust setting within which a number of other theories can be set. The need to establish this conceptual framing is particularly important, as the interest in networks from researchers and practitioners has progressed rapidly during the past five years. Moreover, it is anticipated that this interest in networks will continue to develop as the focus of attention moves from issues of environmental management, to sustainable development, and then on to the association between sustainable development and other forms of global change. The significance of these and other trends is identified. The paper also introduces the other four contributions to this special issue, which examine the role of networks from a number of theoretical and empirical perspectives. The paper concludes by drawing out a set of research themes that appear to deserve critical attention in the future. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unprecedented rates of species extinctions have prompted extensive research into the consequences of biodiversity losses on ecosystem functioning. While aquatic species are most threatened, research with freshwater and marine model systems has lagged behind progress made in terrestrial environments. This editorial to a special feature summarizes the main outcomes of a conference aimed at setting the stage for exploring the potential of aquatic systems to assess the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning. This series of papers proposes fresh approaches to the study of biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning, outlines a new way of analyzing experimental data, presents a model that considers scale as an important factor determining outcomes, explores the effects of multiple stressors on species richness and ecosystem processes, and develops a food-web perspective that relates ecosystem properties to biodiversity. An insightful synthesis of lessons learned from aquatic systems is premature at present, but the papers clearly demonstrate the role that marine and freshwater systems can play in resolving open questions. The implications go well beyond the biodiversity in, and functioning of, ecosystems shaped by free-flowing or standing water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a critical time to reflect on the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) science to date as well as envision what research can be done right now with NEON (and other) data and what training is needed to enable a diverse user community. NEON became fully operational in May 2019 and has pivoted from planning and construction to operation and maintenance. In this overview, the history of and foundational thinking around NEON are discussed. A framework of open science is described with a discussion of how NEON can be situated as part of a larger data constellation—across existing networks and different suites of ecological measurements and sensors. Next, a synthesis of early NEON science, based on >100 existing publications, funded proposal efforts, and emergent science at the very first NEON Science Summit (hosted by Earth Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder in October 2019) is provided. Key questions that the ecology community will address with NEON data in the next 10 yr are outlined, from understanding drivers of biodiversity across spatial and temporal scales to defining complex feedback mechanisms in human–environmental systems. Last, the essential elements needed to engage and support a diverse and inclusive NEON user community are highlighted: training resources and tools that are openly available, funding for broad community engagement initiatives, and a mechanism to share and advertise those opportunities. NEON users require both the skills to work with NEON data and the ecological or environmental science domain knowledge to understand and interpret them. This paper synthesizes early directions in the community's use of NEON data, and opportunities for the next 10 yr of NEON operations in emergent science themes, open science best practices, education and training, and community building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is an indicator of developmental instability referred to random deviations from mean asymmetry. That average asymmetry is the directional asymmetry (DA), which, in the particular case of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), corresponds to a right thoracic and left lumbar curves. Investigating the presence of FA and DA in AIS has never been done, and it is a key element of the pathophysiology of the scoliotic condition. Thirty‐six X‐rays of patients with AIS were digitized and analysed using Geometric Morphometric analyses to test for both statistical effects. The individual FA score for each patient was calculated using Procrustes ANOVA and a methodology based on the components of shape was used to estimate the individual DA score. DA is a stronger effect than FA (2.12 to 1), as it has been found in other clinical conditions. The individual DA score, with an effect size of 0.58, is a better predictor of the Cobb angle than FA score. The methodology presented in this paper to estimate DA score is a valid approach in the study of asymmetries in AIS. FA should be correlated in future studies with environmental covariates to serve as a variable in the medical prognosis, while DA will serve as a good predictor of the Cobb angle during the course of the condition, avoiding the abuse of X‐rays. This potential use of DA should be tested on 3D shape due to the three‐dimensional clinical presentation of AIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon footprint of flying overseas to conferences, meetings, and workshops to share and build knowledge has been increasingly questioned over the last two decades, especially in environmental and climate sciences, due to the related colossal carbon emissions. Here, we infer the value of scientific meetings through the number of publications produced either directly or indirectly after attending a scientific conference, symposium, or workshop (i.e., the conference‐related production) and the number of publications produced per meeting (i.e., the conference‐related productivity) as proxies for the academic value of these meetings, and relate them to both the number of meetings attended and the related carbon emissions. We show that conference‐related production and productivity, respectively, increase and decay with the number of meetings attended, and noticeably that the less productive people exhibit the largest carbon footprint. Taken together, our results imply that a twofold decrease in the carbon footprint FCO2 of a given scientist would result in a twofold increase in productivity through a fivefold decrease in the number of meeting attended. In light of these figures, we call for both the implementation of objective and quantitative criteria related to the optimum number of conferences to attend in an effort to maximize scientific productivity while minimizing the related carbon footprint, and the development of a rationale to minimize the carbon emission related to scientific activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By exploring the greening potentiality (i.e. the ‘what if’ question) for the bank sector, this paper aims to go beyond the current situation of the banks (i.e. the ‘what is’ question). The paper begins with a section on what banks currently do in their ambition to enhance environmental efficiency and awareness in their activities. This empirically based investigation draws a picture of the banks attending to the environmental issue in three dimensions (i.e. financial, physical and immaterial). In the second part of the paper the three dimensions are scrutinized in order to open up a discussion of the potentiality for the ambitious bank. It is suggested that the direct impacts (i.e. the physical flows) of the banks' activities have already been explored, but there are areas in both the financial and immaterial dimensions that could be further investigated. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are becoming more ubiquitous, complex and powerful as well as more and more present in our daily life. The inherent benefit and comfort come with an environmental impact at every step of their life‐cycle. This impact is significant and unfortunately often ignored today. As cyber‐physical systems tend to be 'invisible', there is a need for awareness of the underlying infrastructure and required resources, early in the design phases. In this article, the environmental impact considerations in the early stages of the implementation and opportunities to improve design choices with a people‐planet‐system perspective are discussed. The authors discuss the aspects related to system configuration, data management and the overall goal and functionalities supported by the CPS. Through a specific smart home case, the potential of considering life‐cycle assessment of both the devices and data management is illustrated. By explicitly considering different configurations, it will be possible to analyse the environmental impacts of the design decisions. Our research in progress targets a design approach to converge into an equilibrium between utility, performance, and minor environmental impact of smart systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Editorial. Highlights the September 2003 RGS-IBG Annual Conference. Environmental issues discussed during the conference; Theme of the conference; Papers presented during the event.

As we strive to lift up a diversity of voices in science, it is important for ecologists, evolutionary scientists, and educators to foster inclusive environments in their research and teaching. Academics in science often lack exposure to research on best practices in diversity, equity, and inclusion and may not know where to start to make scientific environments more welcoming and inclusive. We propose that by approaching research and teaching with empathy, flexibility, and a growth mind‐set, scientists can be more supportive and inclusive of their colleagues and students. This paper provides guidance, explores strategies, and directs scientists to resources to better cultivate an inclusive environment in three common settings: the classroom, the research laboratory, and the field. As ecologists and evolutionary scientists, we have an opportunity to adapt our teaching and research practices in order to foster an inclusive educational ecosystem for students and colleagues alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Occupancy-detection models that account for imperfect detection have become widely used in many areas of ecology. As with any modelling exercise, it is important to assess whether the fitted model encapsulates the main sources of variation in the data, yet there have been few methods developed for occupancy-detection models that would allow practitioners to do so., In this paper, a new type of residual for occupancy-detection models is developed according to the method of Dunn & Smyth ( Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 5, 1996, 236-244). Residuals are separately constructed to diagnose the occupancy and detection components of the model., Because the residuals are quite noisy, we suggest fitting a smoother through plots of residuals against predictors of fitted values, with 95% confidence bands, to diagnose lack-of-fit., The method is illustrated using Swiss squirrel data, and evaluated using simulations based on that dataset., Plotting residuals against predictors or against fitted values performed reasonably well as methods for diagnosing violations of occupancy-detection model assumptions, particularly plots of residuals against a missing predictor. Relatively high false positive rates were sometimes observed, but this seems to be controlled reasonably well by fitting smoothers to these plots and being guided in interpretation by 95% confidence bands around the smoothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although environmental innovation studies have traditionally focused on manufacturing firms, the distinctive features of eco‐innovation activities carried out by service firms require special attention. Using the Spanish Commumity Innovation Survey (CIS), this paper determines which are the main drivers of undertaking eco‐innovation and investigates the similarities and differences between service and manufacturing firms within the five sub‐groups of services (supplier dominated, scale intensive physical networks, scale intensive information networks, science‐based, and others). The results confirm that the main eco‐innovation triggers are similar—technological push factor orientation (internal R&D and persistence) and firm size—while the impact of market pull factors and public environmental legislation differ within the services sub‐groups. In addition, we find a high degree of heterogeneity within service firms. In contrast to traditional service firms, those in the groups involving R&D activities, information networks, and scale‐intensive physical networks exhibit intensive eco‐innovation performance and show a high level of green indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a response to Petchey and Gaston's criticism of our previous paper on the measurement of dendrogram-based functional diversity. In contrast to their suggestions, we insist that Euclidean distance is unsuitable to the analysis of variables with mixed scale types and maintain our earlier view that both the distance function and the clustering method can influence the dendrogram-based measure of functional diversity. We propose an extension of Gower's formula to accommodate nominal traits with non-exclusive categories and emphasize the necessity of the methodological standardization of functional diversity measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Absract. Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, acid rain was an important topic of public debate. Newspapers ramped up coverage in the early 1980s, which then peaked in the mid-1980s and died off slowly in the late 1980s and early 1990s, to be rarely seen again. The question asked is whether the tone of the acid rain coverage was an example of alleged “liberal bias” of journalists, or if it was due to other factors. This paper examines various explanations of newspaper behavior, including one given by the late Warren Brookes concluding that the real bias of reporters tends toward the expansion of government, or the statist quo. In our paper, we examine the coverage of acid rain before and after the election of George Bush in 1988, an event that led directly to the passage of the the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, which had strong acid rain provisions. Our statistical tests, while mixed, give credence to the “statist quo” hypothesis, especially where newspapers of “national stature” are concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States environmental justice movement has grown in the last 20 years from tactical cooperation between civil rights and environmental activists on hazardous waste issues into a broad-based movement for social change. As dozens of organizations invest resources in an environmental justice agenda, it is important to examine how such organizations portray their stance toward the goals of the larger movement in order to better understand tensions within the movement between social justice and environmental protection, diversity and commonality, and localized and broader movement agendas. This paper explores what contemporary environmental justice imagery tells us about this social movement through a critical discourse analysis of environmental justice organizations’ logos. The conceptual approach used here links a tradition of critical discourse analysis of textual materials with elements of a critical visual methodology. The paper examines how the social grievance of environmental injustice is constructed in relation to the social and natural world, and considers what these images tell us about the identities, relationships and modes of authority that constitute the contemporary environmental justice movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This issue ofDiversity and Distributionscarries papers on a wide range of topics dealing with invasions of introduced plant species. The collection of articles did not arise from a conference or workshop, but grew from a founder population of contributed manuscripts. Some additional papers were solicited to ensure coverage of other established or emerging fields of research in plant invasion ecology. The compilation represents a reasonable cross section of issues that currently occupy plant invasion ecologists. The editorial places the contributions in context and summarizes some key findings. It also suggests some profitable avenues for future research in plant invasion ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with Marcel van der Heijden , the head of the Plant–Soil Interactions Group at the Swiss Federal Research Institute Agroscope in Zurich, Switzerland and a professor in Mycorrhizal Ecology at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, is presented. He mentions things that motivated him and other factors that have influenced his decision to pursue a career in research.

This paper focuses on the greening of organizations as a process. It offers an account of how the environment is enacted within an organization, and explores how the personal and social meanings of ‘the environment’ arise in the context of behaviour. The paper presents a case study of the introduction of environmental reporting or green accounting in a public hospital in Denmark, and highlights how hospital managers made sense of this new task and made green accounting perform in the context of their everyday work situation. In doing so, emphasis is given to the emotional aspects of greening, and to how this shapes different actions. Greening is viewed as a sense-making process, in which the organizational members' individual and collective identity is gradually transformed. Based on case findings, the paper discusses how organizing for the environment cannot be separated from the emotional subtexts of the organizational members and the other currents of organizational life. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a typology of visibility in an environmental context. Although visibility has been neglected and ill defined in contemporary environmental management research, environmental visibility can be a useful construct for predicting green organizational response. As such, it might prove a useful tool for environmental management researchers, policy-makers and business strategists. The paper derives a conceptual typology of visibility from previous organizational theory research. Visibility is considered both as a characteristic of an organization and as a characteristic of an issue, and at both the corporate and operating unit levels. Data collected in a recent series of interviews in 24 business units in UK PLCs are analysed to provide examples of the types of visibility in an environmental context. The resultant environmental visibility typology is used to discuss the relationship between environmental visibility and green organizational responses. This study's findings suggest that considering environmental visibility as a predictor of green organizational response should be fruitful for future empirical research, and useful for policy-makers and business strategists. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GRAPH The B G. Evelyn Hutchinson Award b honors a scientist who has made considerable contributions to knowledge in limnology and oceanography, and whose future work promises a continuing legacy of scientific excellence. Each year, ASLO honors scientists for their achievements in the aquatic sciences. GRAPH The B Ramón Margalef Award for Excellence in Education b honors excellence in teaching and mentoring in the fields of limnology and oceanography. [Extracted from the article]

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses an article "Advances in Plant Demography using Matrix Models" edited by Roberto Salguero-Gomez and Hans de Kroon, the Harper Award given to Yann Hautier from the University of Zurich for his article "Modelling the growth of parasitic plants", and the recruitement of several new Board members in 2010 including Amy Austin, David Coomes, and Andy Dyer.