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This paper examines the planned externalisation of affordable workers housing under Delhi's ongoing extended urbanisation. Drawing upon recent literature on planned illegalities, subaltern urbanisation, and agro-urban transformations in India and specifically in the Delhi region, the paper proposes tenement towns as a relational settlement category to understand the planned externalisation of housing. It examines three manufacturing clusters spread over an extensive territory in the DMIC urban corridor running out of Delhi. Finding evidence for how the workers housing is externalised into spaces marked as 'rural outsides' in the masterplanning documents. It examines the role of parallel agrarian institutions and social structures in enabling the illegal growth of the tenement towns. Finally, the paper critically examines the role such settlements play in maintaining a permanently temporary surplus workforce crucial for cheap global manufacturing. Through introducing tenement towns as a relational category, the paper attempts to contribute towards a global housing studies that transcends space-time and north-south boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at two memorials built in India to commemorate Sikh victims of the violent events of June 1984 and November 1984. Gurdwara Yaadgaar Shaheedan (Gurdwara Martyrs' Memorial) was built in the Golden Temple complex, Amritsar in 2013, and the Wall of Truth: Sikh Genocide Memorial was inaugurated in Gurdwara Rakabganj, New Delhi in 2017. While both memorials commemorate related events and are built by the same group of people, they differ completely in the choice of nomenclature, design and even the justification given for their creation. This paper discusses the differences between these memorials and their relevance in the memorial politics of contemporary India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper lays out an experiential account of walking the city, an otherwise mundane everyday act, as a performative action. The specific act of walking that this paper examines is part of a series of performance actions titled 'Women Walk at Midnight' (Delhi, 2016- present) where women collectively walk the streets of the city at night. Breaking from the conventional article format, our paper draws on reflexive feminist research and performance analysis to narrate the performative dimensions of walking that foreground how women collectively negotiate fear and vulnerability in/of the city. We draw on our own memories and experiences of walking - embodied, sensorial, even intuitive - not only as participants of the Midnight Walk but as women who often negotiate varied agressions of the city streets. The paper weaves an intricate pattern of relations between space, time and movement of female bodies in the city of New Delhi from a gendered perspective. We posit that transformations of urban atmosphere through the course of the day shape our experiences of the city, reproducing it as a gendered site. Relation of bodies to space, we argue, shifts in response to time. We are interested not only in the singular and deliberate actions carried out by individual walkers, but unpack the shared notions of risk, adventure and pleasure, experienced fleetingly and afforded only through the collective. These performative actions of female bodies at night not only challenge the rehearsed understandings of urban citizenship but also stage its emancipatory possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the modes of cultural organisation that facilitate the Right-wing's appropriation of historically Left-wing theatre practices such as the Street-theatre in New Delhi in the service of percolating Hindu-nationalism. The paper suggests that a thorough understanding of the organisation behind the creative methods for mobilisation employed by the Right-wing is indispensable if strategies of resisting co-option and building an effective opposition have to be conceived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building a reliable communication network is a challenging task using the standard Ethernet as the medium for control and data acquisition networks. Such sensor-actuator networks could be distributed across multiple locations across a building. Packet retransmissions and losses could be critical when Ethernet is used for closed-loop controls and measurements. There could be multiple design challenges to build such networks such as total-traffic, compact node design, bandwidth limitations, packet retransmissions, delays, drops etc. In this paper, we report how we implemented a reliable http-based automation network of large interconnected microcontroller-based nodes with a careful design of hardware, firmware components and a new application-layer faulty-node-filter-algorithm. It analysed some of the top causes of poor network performance within such control networks using a popular network protocol-analyser "Wireshark". Though Ethernet seemed the most future promising, it has the single drawback of nondeterministic packet transfers. Additional research is carried out to prove that IEEE 802.3 standard Ethernet could be used in applications like our slow-cryogenics-control systems of linear Accelerators to build an error-free, near deterministic control-application. This approach allowed the continued use of conventional Ethernet networking components. even for the control networks and the same communication medium. The tested system is distributed within a private LAN of more than 50 embedded servers each of which is built out of on-chip TCP/IP stacks implemented on ARM processors as nodes, for a successfully implemented Cryogenic control network of Superconducting linear Accelerator at Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 17 highlights the importance that the partnership narrative plays in the implementation of SDGs. However, given the brevity of many development projects, these partnerships are often developed and concluded rapidly, with little attention given to longer-term implications or success. This paper argues that in order to create and develop partnerships that properly address the SDGs, it is imperative that a process perspective is developed that takes into account the range of stakeholders and interests, values, and the power relations between actors prior to and during the project together with a comprehensive understanding of what is success. This requires a full awareness of the project's context and previous interventions, activities, and policies. In order to illustrate the necessity of longitudinal partnerships and perspectives, a case study, a community-based development project in New Delhi, India, is used. The goal of the project has been to ensure that the community is actively involved in the entire process, eventually becoming owners of the interventions so that, when the project and partnership eventually ends, the community continues to benefit. Examples from the project are used to emphasize the importance of long-term planning and partnership driven by context-specificity, implementation processes and policy-awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hit-and-run crashes are significant concern for many countries. Due to lack of information of offending vehicles it is difficult to understand dynamics of these crashes to have a prevention plan. The paper aims to identify the impacting vehicle in hit-and-run crashes. We studied fatal road crashes of New Delhi for eleven years (2006–2016) and found that approximately 40% fatal crashes are hit-and-run with unknown impacting vehicles. We proposed a framework using eleven different machine learning-based classification algorithms – Logistic-Regression, KNN, SVM-Linear and RBF-Kernel, Naïve-Bayes, Random-Forest, DecisionTree, AdaBoost, Multilayer-Perceptron, CART and Linear-Discriminant-Analysis. We found SVM-linear-kernel gave best results. Results reveal that cars, buses, and heavy vehicles are involved vehicles in hit-and-run crashes. Buses were primary cause leading to 39% of hit-and-run during 2006-2009 thereafter cars increased drastically. Our framework is robust and scalable to any city. The outcomes provide inputs to traffic engineers for better policy prescription and road user safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we offer a critical analysis of the media discourse around an anti-sexual violence comic book, Priya's Shakti (2013), which tells the story of a victim of gang rape who becomes an unlikely "superhero" in a crusade to end sexual violence. The comic was created by an Indian American filmmaker, Ram Devineni, in response to the horrific gang rape and murder of a young woman in New Delhi in 2012 (the Nirbhaya case). Positioning a rape victim from rural India as a protagonist with power, it was widely applauded as a means of changing the disempowering discourse surrounding victim-survivors of sexual violence. However, we argue, the comic does not actually center Priya's experience, and instead renders Priya as marginal in her own story. Although the comic is marketed as promoting women's agency, in media coverage, Devineni is foregrounded as the agent of change. He is positioned as the perfect diasporic masculine saviour, both respectful of traditional culture and adequately progressive, educated, and modernized. The media spectacle of Priya's Shakti thus participates in a discursive move to replace the "White saviour" with a proxy—the diasporic Hindu masculine saviour—whilst keeping the underlying structures of both Hindu patriarchal power and US imperialism in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although intended to improve students' intercultural competence and global-mindedness, study tours can reinforce assumptions and accentuate social and political hierarchies. Study tours involving students from the Global North interning with development organisations in the Global South are at risk of embodying the pitfalls of volunteer tourism – producing simplistic understandings of the Global South as a place of need, and of development as something that comes from outside the Global South. This paper presents the results of an ethnography of a study tour that involved Australian undergraduates interning with an NGO in New Delhi, India. Evidence from this study tour suggests that making the potential neo-colonial or 'White Saviour' dynamics of the tour an explicit focus of assessment is an effective strategy for ensuring students engage with the social, economic and political positioning of the tour. Further, local host organisations can act strategically to maximise the value of volunteer interns when the program is structured according to the principles of participatory development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What does it mean to inhabit? Our many selves find dimensionality through time and in place. This is complicated through the event of mass migration and trauma. One is continuously mapped through a locating of interiority. Within this essay, Nayar traces the birth and evolution of place as interior, and the genesis of her hybrid, constructed photographic process. Through the lens of India's 1947 Partition, a trajectory of trauma and the ways in which memory functions over time is traced and translated through a family's resettlement home in New Delhi. Built by her maternal grandfather, a refugee and psychiatrist from East Bengal, this locus in Nayar's memory sheds light on how one may understand the many intersections of belonging and place. Home is found in habitation, that of desire and the awakening of the Mother. In this way, attachment theory, Winnicott's transitional object, and the uncanny are touchstones for an internal mapping of psychic space. Through this framework, one understands what it means to embody through time and what is, through the process, left behind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender and development (GAD) has become a transnational discourse and has, as a result, generated its own elite elements. This elitism has tended to be attributed to a Northern hegemony in how feminism has been articulated and then subsequently professionalised and bureaucratised. What has received less attention, and what this paper highlights empirically, is how Southern-based feminisms might themselves be sites of discursive exclusion. The paper interrogates these concerns through an analysis of how professionalisation is evidenced in feminist engagement among civil society organisations working on gender in New Delhi. The analysis suggests that efforts to create spaces for subaltern voices are constrained not only by the disciplining effects of neoliberal frameworks but also – and in tandem – by Southern elite feminist priorities. The implications of these findings are significant: processes of professionalisation and the elitism they engender may have the effect of potentially precluding the engagement of those people on the margins whose voices are so sought after as part of efforts to facilitate inclusive development. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Precipitable water vapor is an important and highly atmospheric variable in temporal and spatially; the knowledge of its variability is important for meteorological and climatological studies. The main objective of this paper, an evaluation of Total Precipitable Water (TPW) retrieved from the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT-3D) data provided by the INSAT-3D Meteorological Data Processing System (IMDPS) at National Satellite Meteorological Centre (NSMC), New Delhi along with collocated Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) L3 Standard Physical Retrievals (AIRS-only) during a one year period 2017 over the Indian region. The spatiotemporal distribution of seasonal mean and monthly dependency of the correlation coefficient, bias and root mean square error (RMSE) was computed between INSAT-3D TPW and AIRS retrievals during both daytime and nighttime. The results of the intercomparison reveal that TPW from the INSAT-3D is in very good agreement with the AIRS, that is seasonally distribution of TPW larger in warm seasons (June, July, August) and smaller in the cold season (December, January, February) and monthly dependency of correlation coefficient (> 0.8), bias (2–3 mm) and RMSE (< 5 mm) in all months during both daytime and nighttime, except June, July, August over coastal regions of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal shows degradation performance. However, the statistical analysis between INSAT-3D with respect to AIRS TPW retrieval during both daytime and nighttime shows that more reliable except during cloudy days. In addition to it, a similar analysis is carried out to assess the relative performance of INSAT-3D retrieved TPW with respect to 10 Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) over the Indian subcontinent obtained from the NSMC the period from 1st January to 30 June 2017 on hourly. In this analysis, for each station time series, diurnal variations of TPW and monthly, seasonal distribution of the Taylor diagram was carried out between INSAT-3D and GNSS retrievals. INSAT-3D and 10 GNSS stations gave comparable accuracies during the months of March to June whereas the quality degrades in January and February months resulting in slight error. It might be caused by the in the winter season the surface emissivity could be one region for more degraded performance under the drier condition it brings in more uncertainties in surface emissivity. Overall, these results give good confidence in the quality and potential of INSAT-3D over the Indian region and can be used in weather forecasting and nowcasting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia share some key symptoms which lead to misdiagnosis, especially on initial presentation. In this study, we have considered two categories of patients belonging to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with (i) total duration of illness (TDI) less than or equal to 2 years and (ii) TDI greater than 2 years. We statistically test the difference between the severity of symptoms of the two groups as measured by their respective psychiatric rating scales using (or score tests), likelihood ratio and permutation tests for both categories of patients. The unknown parameters are estimated using maximum likelihood, moments by Cran and Bayesian estimation. It is observed that there exists a significant difference between the two disorders for patients in second category based on real and simulated data. Further, performance of statistic is compared on the basis of p-value and power performance with the other two methods. A new weight suggested in this paper is found to be as efficient as the previous weight based on simulation study. A retrospective data of 108 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders is collected from Lady Hardinge Medical College & Smt. S.K. Hospital, New Delhi, India for the calendar year 2013–2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strengthening of the relationship between India and Africa has yielded mutual benefits and has opened up new vistas of cooperation. Given the evolving global order and the growing traction of China in Africa, this article examines the potential for New Delhi to become a significant player in the region, considering the opportunities and limitations of the India-Africa partnership. This article presents the argument that the disparity in capabilities between New Delhi and Beijing, along with Africa's strategy of 'hedging', may hinder India's progress in achieving its broader objectives of seeking to expand its footprint across the globe. In particular, even with its reputation as a 'vishwaguru' and a 'vishwa bandhu', India may lack the capability to significantly woo African countries to support its stance on 'hard' security issues. Worryingly, the lack of robust 'people-to-people' connections further limits India's ability to expand its influence on the African continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rationale behind this paper is to stimulate reflection, open a debate and provide its readers with some much overlooked perspectives, perceptions and approaches from China, India and the Tibetan émigrés in India as regards the Tibet issue. These are formulated on the basis of author's interviews and enquiries with the representatives of the Dalai Lama's Tibetan Government in Exile, the leaders of Tibetan Youth Congress, the representatives of Students for a Free Tibet, as well as the Tibetan émigré in India and ordinary Indians. Besides, the paper also throws light on major differences and contradiction between India and China over Tibet issue; the future course of the Tibetan movement; and explores the possibilities of establishing a mechanism between India and China on Tibet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delhi's government is remodelling the built environment into an imagined 'global city', to attract transnational capital, human resources and an international sports spectacle (the Commonwealth Games 2010). As the city's population is diverted and moved on to make way for new infrastructure, residents are, in the process, traversing new spaces, reappropriating space in new ways and engaging in new interactions. This paper explores the possibilities and challenges of these interactions in a qualitative study of the everyday mobility of 23 diverse young people living in Delhi. The study found that interactions were defined by existing perceptions of 'order' and 'proper' behaviour by known and unknown others. The navigation of both familiar and uncomfortable territories was carried out through the deployment of competencies such as translation and avoidance skills. While the findings indicate that the city contains spaces of interaction that can generate unintended meanings and contest established power relations, these interactions were not always harmonious, reinforcing the idea that social relations that constitute urban space are divergent and unequal. The paper concludes by arguing that while Delhi was divided into spaces of belonging and familiarity, working against the possibilities of interactions with 'others', these spaces can be necessary to manage positions of difference and inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that a distinctive form of public interest litigation has been used effectively in the Indian Supreme Court to protect the rights of exploited workers. By looking at the extreme cases of child labour and bonded labour, this study finds that the Indian Supreme Court has been labour-friendly, and has taken seriously the constitutional promise of socio-economic development. In rulings that enlist the aid of local governments and non-governmental organizations, the higher judiciary has helped to make positive changes for the most disadvantaged workers in Indian society. This paper results from a year of fieldwork in New Delhi, and relies on case rulings, archival work, and ethnographic field research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to understand the gender-specific consequences of the Shahargaon Jat community's increasing urban contact with New Delhi. It examines the consequences of a quick assimilation of Jat men into income-generating activities in the urban market and a corresponding loss of Jat women's economic roles, leading to their further seclusion and marginalization within the household and community. By providing a historically contextualized account of shifts in gender identity and relations in Shahargaon, the paper considers the ways in which the newly constructed urban patriarchal gender ideology and its asymmetric power relations reinforce gender disparity and marginalize women in an urbanizing community. The Shahargaon Jat community's particular historical and patriarchal context, kinship and marriage rules, and the present state of urbanization constitutes an example of the overall failure of urban exposure to improve economic participation and the overall quality of life for women in urbanizing communities in north India. It appears that the community's economic well-being has not worked in tandem with the women's social well-being in Shahargaon, in the sense that the Jat patriarchal system and its rules have largely remained unaltered despite exposure to the urban environment of New Delhi. Instead, Shahargaon's increasing urban context has intensified patriarchal control and the corresponding marginalization of Jat women. The Shahargaon case may illustrate a widespread pattern of the increasing gender asymmetry in several other urbanizing village communities in north India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter-organisational co-ordination is significant for the effective delivery of the planning function because successful preparation and implementation of planning policies and controls depend on a number of other organisations. This paper presents an analytical framework containing mechanisms and dimensions of co-ordination among the various interest groups, which are then applied to the planning practice pursued by the first development authority of India, the Delhi Development Authority (DDA). It is shown that the lack of inter-organisational co-ordination has either slowed down or simply stopped development in the metropolitan area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Walkability is an important aspect of the built environment, influencing the degree and intensity of walking. Very little research effort has been made in cities of developing countries like India to incorporate the user's perspective in evolving walkability indices. This research study is an attempt to develop a walkability index from the user's perspective in a developing environment, which shall aid the city planners in evaluating the quality of the walking environment objectively and systematically. For the development of the walkability index in the present study, empirical investigations were carried out in the Dwarka sub-city comprising street surveys incorporating pedestrian perspective and pedestrian counts. A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process with extent analysis has been performed, incorporating user ratings on critical walkability parameters to estimate the criteria weights and evolving a new path-level walkability index. It is concluded that this index exhibits a better correlation with pedestrian count when compared to the walkability index based on the existing prevalent approach adopted in the Indian context. The new walkability index will aid city planners in identifying specific pedestrian-related shortcomings as well as assist in evolving informed decision making to prioritize infrastructure investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In 2020, 3.6 billion people lacked access to safely managed sanitation facilities worldwide, and among them, about 16 per cent used shared sanitation facilities. The most vulnerable urban populations residing in high-density informal settlements largely rely on community sanitation facilities. Thus, there is a need to examine ways to improve users' experience of shared facilities. Using original surveys in New Delhi's slums, this study shows that those with access to community toilet complexes were likely to use them regularly but were highly dissatisfied with their lack of availability and poor conditions. Additionally, the study highlights gender differences in preferences for using shared latrines, where women are more likely than men to use clean, functional, and less crowded ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the significance of the fact that several recent or upcoming sport mega-events are hosted by emerging powers such as China (the 2008 Beijing Games), India (2010 Commonwealth Games), South Africa (2010 FIFA World Cup), Russia (2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi) or Brazil (2014 FIFA World Cup)? This paper analyses events hosted by three states of the emerging power (or so-called BRICSA) axis. These are the 2008 Olympics, the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the 2010 New Delhi Commonwealth Games. It suggests that the hosting of such events by today's emerging powers occurs through a common agenda: to showcase economic achievements, to signal diplomatic stature or to project, in the absence of other forms of international influence, soft power. Furthermore, emerging powers can reshape the way in which events are viewed, planned for and commercialized, and by which they impact upon stakeholders. In all, sport mega-events constitute a key part of the political imagineering of emerging powers, serving as a focal point both for the type of society and state these authorities try to create, as well as for the position in the international order these rulers attempt to craft. While this strategy has some success, it also tends to come at some material and symbolic costs for these states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper qualitatively documents and analyses the attitudes and identities of female students from the urban disadvantaged social class towards English and Hindi in the city of New Delhi. These attitudes include not only instrumental views of English but also the impression that it creates a new personality for an individual. English is part of the daily literacy practices of the students. It is a tool with which they access knowledge in higher education. Hindi is important for their identity; thus they make a distinction between 'personality' and 'identity'. They see Hindi as a 'national language' linked with Hinduism and the composite culture of a diverse India when in fact this is not the case demographically or politically. The ideologies of status and solidarity are problematic and can be associated with both languages. The data for this ethnography, presented partially through photographic evidence, come from oral and written interviews conducted with 64 Grade 12 students in Hindi and English at the Rajkiya Sarvodaya Kanya Vidyalaya, a girls' high school in a disadvantaged part of New Delhi, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our qualitative study explored: the perceptions of street children indulging in whitener fluid misuse; the social, economic, and cultural determinants of use; and users views regarding effective preventive and control strategies. Forty-five in-depth interviews and three focus group discussions were conducted between March and December 2003. A purposive sample of those working children who were using toluene was selected by Snowball sampling. The paper discusses the: determinants of initiation and continued use; drug user social networks; psycho emotional deprivation and frustrations of these children; socio-cultural aspects like work driven need; others' attitudinal response towards them and their work; parental support or the lack of it; and strategies for prevention of this misuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Vimukta – Freedom Stories" is a book edited by Dakxin Bajrange and Henry Schwarz that explores the experiences of Vimukta communities in contemporary Indian society. The term "Vimukta" refers to more than 200 nomadic/semi-nomadic communities who were labeled as hereditary criminals by the British government in 1871. The book includes autobiographical vignettes, plays, and translated extracts that shed light on the challenges faced by Vimukta communities, such as caste-based violence, forced labor, and systemic erasure. It also examines the possibilities for decarceration, prison abolition, and transformative healing justice. The book serves as a valuable resource for understanding the experiences and struggles of Vimukta communities in India. [Extracted from the article]

Environmental protection efforts commonly make use of two types of government interventions: command and control policies (C&C) and market-based instruments (MBIs). While MBIs are favored for their economic efficiency, visible prices on pollution may generate political backlash. We examine whether citizens are more likely to support policies that tend to obfuscate policy costs (C&C), as opposed to MBIs, which impose visible costs. Using conjoint experiments in Beijing and New Delhi, we examine support for 'policy bundles', including both C&C policies and MBIs, aimed at limiting air pollution from vehicles. In both cities, increasing fuel taxes (a MBI) reduces policy support. However, pledging revenue usage from fuel taxes to subsidize electric cars or public transport eliminates this negative effect. Furthermore, individuals with a lower evaluation of their government respond more negatively to MBIs. MBIs may be economically efficient, but are politically difficult unless policy-makers can offset visible costs through additional measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM) depend on various factors including emissions of primary pollutants, meteorology and chemical transformations. New Delhi, India is the most polluted megacity in the world and routinely experiences extreme pollution episodes. As part of the Delhi Aerosol Supersite study, we measured online continuous PM1 (particulate matter of size less than 1 μm) concentrations and composition for over five years starting January 2017, using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM). Here, we describe the development and application of machine learning models using random forest regression to estimate the concentrations, composition, sources and dynamics of PM in Delhi. These models estimate PM1 species concentrations based on meteorological parameters including ambient temperature, relative humidity, planetary boundary layer height, wind speed, wind direction, precipitation, agricultural burning fire counts, solar radiation and cloud cover. We used hour of day, day of week and month of year as proxies for time-dependent emissions (e.g., emissions from traffic during rush hours). We demonstrate the applicability of these models to capture temporal variability of the PM1 species, to understand the influence of individual factors via sensitivity analyses, and to separate impacts of the COVID-19 lockdowns and associated activity restrictions from impacts of other factors. Our models provide new insights into the factors influencing ambient PM1 in New Delhi, India, demonstrating the power of machine learning models in atmospheric science applications. Copyright © 2023 American Association for Aerosol Research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shubhrajeet Konwer analyses New Delhi's position on the war in Ukraine and the limits of its delicate 'balancing act'. He argues that India's relations with the West have crossed the minimum threshold level of cooperation and as such both parties need to handle each other's misgivings. New Delhi's perspective towards Russia's invasion of Ukraine is only likely to change if there is substantial reversal of Russia's position on issues related to India's national security.◼ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the supposedly New India of rapid economic growth, neoliberal policy and "world-class" development aspirations, perhaps no commodity, material object or ideologically bound thing is more in vogue and sought after than land. This absence was particularly conspicuous for me as a reader aware of the links between Sud's Gujarat case study - anonymized according to disciplinary conventions - and the Modi regime. Third, through governing land, the state and forces beyond the state assert I authority i . [Extracted from the article]

Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement (ICBP) is a special type of pavement with a unique load spreading mechanism due to the discrete wearing layer. There is a lack of design procedure and design charts for the ICBP in India, as reported by the IRC SP 63 [2018. Guidelines for the use of interlocking concrete block pavement. New Delhi: Indian Road Congress] specification. The objective of the present study is to develop a design procedure for ICBP which complies Indian standards specification. The study also aimed to develop the deflection model and combined elastic modulus model for ICBP wearing layer considering the geometric properties of ICBP based on laboratory and numerical studies. The design procedure was then formulated considering the deflection of the pavement section and the rutting of the subgrade. The proposed design procedure was validated with the ICBP design section of ASCE58-10 [2010. Structural Design of Interlocking Concrete pavement for municipal streets and roadways. American Society of Civil Engineers] developed by ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) and ICPI (Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute). The study finally arrived in developing a design chart and design software named NITT-BLOCKPAVE, which is programmed based on the proposed design procedure for the ICBP pavement section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sporadic emissions of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) particles at breathing level height (BLH) during Diwali, before Diwali and after Diwali (DD, BD and AD) in fireworks ban and no-ban years (2017 and 2018) were studied for water-soluble inorganic ions (WSII), organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), metals and health risk. Average PM2.5 level at BLH exceeded Air Quality Standard (60 µgm−3) by 7.6, 3.7 and 3.2 times during BD, DD and AD, respectively, in 2017 while impulsive increase was observed in 2018 during DD (26 times) followed by AD and BD (5.2 and 4.7 times). Al, K, Sr, Ba, NO3-, OC, Cl- in PM2.5 showed sudden increase during DD compared to BD and AD in non-Ban year (2018) and can be considered as markers of firework display. OC was more than EC in PM2.5 and was highest during BD and AD, as compare to DD. Dry deposition of emissions and re-suspension of residual ash/unburnt mass could be a reason for poor air quality at BLH. High Hazardous Index (HI) values in both size particles indicated that children were more vulnerable to exposure and were at high risk compared to adults. Cr followed by Cd and Ni in particles posed carcinogenic risk to children and adults. More such studies shall be conducted at BLH to improve human health risk assessment due to PM2.5 exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our article focuses on the farmers' protests, one of the longest sets of protests in independent India (September 2020 - December 2021). Indian farmers carried out an arduous protest movement on the borders of the nation's capital, New Delhi, against the three farm laws passed by the Parliament under the ruling right-wing government of the Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP). These laws, which claimed to liberalize India's agricultural markets and encourage contract farming, were perceived by farmers and farmer organizations as an attempt to corporatize Indian agriculture, threatening the farmers' livelihoods and autonomy. We examine three animative scenarios staged as part of their demands to repeal the farm laws- first, farmers' demonstrating in bitter cold - living in temporary tenements, sharing food and stories; second, the violent clashes that unfolded on January 26, 2021 eroding support for the movement; and finally, farm leader Tikait's emotional breakdown on national television, which infused fresh calls for solidarity and strength into the movement. We cite these events to draw attention to the embedded structures of inequality that pervade contemporary protests, rehearsing historical communitarian and democratic ethics in the present moment. We see these scenarios as offering an expansive vocabulary of dissent that must be accounted for in any contextual analysis of contemporary protests. We engage with questions of 'perceived' legitimacy to ask if there is an acceptable way of protesting. What motivates people to extend their support and solidarity? What determines the grounds of a movement's legitimacy: claims made, or the manner in which they are performed or perceived? We argue that legitimacy is not determined or shaped in or for perpetuity; it is constantly shifting, and its coordinates need analytical attentiveness and reinterpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lastly, Ambedkar proposed conversion out of Hinduism and acceptance of Buddhism as the biggest tool to spread democracy. For Ambedkar, democracy has the power to dissolve these social barriers - even in the context of separate electorate - because of the very presence of members of the minorities and the majority that this system permitted. Apart from his emphasis on the three interdependent facets of democracy, the most important contribution of Dr Ambedkar is his concrete safeguards for the minorities in Indian political democracy. [Extracted from the article]

Street 'doctory' is a form of peer-based medical care performed in street settings among a group of heroin addicts in Yamuna Bazaar, New Delhi. Using participant observation and semi-structured interviews, this study describes three components of the practice, and suggests that each contained peer learning processes. First, participants conducted procedures such as injections and wound care that involved apprenticeship relationships in which 'novices' learned through observation and participation with 'experts'. Second, addicts participated in illness discussions in which they co-constructed meanings about the causes, symptoms and remedies of prevalent diseases. Third, individuals engaged in health consultancy for peers who were sick which involved synthesising, interpreting and communicating concepts and experiences through meaningful units of advice. Analysis suggests that these practices may be theorised as instances of situated learning involving legitimate peripheral participation, meaning negotiation and learning through teaching. These learning patterns represent opportunities for developing culturally tuned health education interventions that engage and impact the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the visual representations made by artists Kisan Das and Lacchi Ram for Maharao Ram Singh of Kota, which depicts their visit of New Delhi, India. It mentions that they made a painting which is considered as the largest transportable piece of art that presents a picture of Lahore Darwaza, Divan-i-Khass and the Divan-i-Am or the open palace building of Rajasthani palaces. It relates that the art work manifests a panoramic view of the nation's historic sites and primary monuments.

During the corona-lockdown, the Dutch Emily de Klerk sat down to digest her Sikh sketches and photographs. Among the results are the 10 drawings included in this essay. While they overall reflect her fascination with Punjab and the Sikhs, they specifically also channelized a feeling of empathy with the farmers protest in New Delhi to which Sikhs play a fundamental role. In the essay, Bob van der Linden embeds Emily's drawings in the light of earlier (colonial) paintings and drawings made of Sikhs by Western artists. Afterwards, an interview provides further context to Emily's work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript proposes a novel metaheuristic, which is an amalgamation of the quantum concept and the gravitational search particle swarm optimization technique. The inclusion of quantum concepts in the algorithm enhances its capability, as in quantum space there is no restriction on the movement of particle and the solution can be obtained with smaller population and faster convergence. An adaptive contraction expansion factor is also introduced which ensures better exploration of the algorithm. The technique is applied to solve the combined economic emission dispatch of a hybrid solar thermal unit operating in New Delhi, India for full and reduced solar radiation. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, it is also applied to solve the combined economic emission dispatch of a 10 unit, 2000 MW system. It is observed that the proposed approach provides a fuel cost saving of up to 1300$ when compared with other referred techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights the regional symposium entitled 'Water for Human Survival,' which was organized by the International Water Resources Association held in New Delhi, India. Participants of the conference; Focus of the papers; Issues that emerged during the discussions.

Over the past decade the Teach for India (TFI) organisation has emerged as a prominent non-governmental organisation (NGO) involved in Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) with ailing urban municipal government bodies across select cities in India. An off-shoot of the Teach for America (TFA) programme, TFI aims to improve quality of education in under-resourced municipal government schools through English medium education. Through in-depth interviews with members associated with TFI, some municipal school teachers and information accessed through Right to Information (RTI) applications, this article delineates the modalities of the PPP arrangement within municipal schools in Delhi. It examines how the intervention is institutionalising parallel governance structures, accentuating class-based tensions and exacerbating pedagogical inequities within these long-neglected schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient nutrient and water use are two important considerations to obtain good harvests of wheat. This necessitates the development of an effective nutrient management technique that not only increases yield, but simultaneously can save nutrient and water use. In this context, a field experiment was conducted at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India to evaluate the residual effect of sesbania and rice bean (in-situ), subabul (ex-situ) green manuring and Zinc (Zn) fertilization, using chelated Zn-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Zn-EDTA) on nutrient use, yields and water productivity of wheat under rice–wheat cropping system. Among residual effects of green manure crops and Zn fertilization, sesbania and foliar spray of 0.5% chelated Zn-EDTA at 20, 40, 60 and 80 days after sowing (DAS) recorded significantly higher nutrient content and uptake and yields than other green manure crops and Zn treatments. Residual effect of sesbania saved about 46.5 × 103 and 30.5 × 103 L irrigation water per tonne of wheat over subabul and rice bean, respectively. Foliar spray of 0.5% chelated Zn-EDTA at 20, 40, 60 and 80 DAS saved about 55.5 × 103, 47 × 103 and 13 × 103 L irrigation water per tonne wheat over residual effect of 5 kg Zn ha−1 through chelated Zn-EDTA as soil application, 2.5 kg Zn ha−1 through chelated Zn-EDTA as soil application + 1 foliar spray of 0.5% chelated Zn-EDTA at flowering and foliar spray of 0.5% chelated Zn-EDTA at active tillering + flowering + grain filling, respectively. Correlation analysis showed positive correlation between Zn uptake and grain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the investigation of Nu Tech Mediworld's amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) treatment regimen in New Delhi, India, which was conducted by ALSUntagled. It mentions that two ASL patients have received a discharge summary even without clear objective confirmation of his ALS diagnosis after being treated at Nu Tech Mediworld. It also mentions that Nu Tech Mediworld is a stem cell clinic run by Dr. Geeta Shroff.

Information about several papers discussed during the "International Symposium on New Frontiers in Tuberculosis Research" in New Delhi, India on December 4-6, 2006 is presented. Accordingly, the International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (IVGEB) has taken the initiative to organize and host the symposium. The World Health Organization (WHO) global tuberculosis (TB) has reported that TB burden in India as the highest in the world.

The experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P) application on crop productivity, grain quality, water-use efficiency (WUE), and soil enzyme activity in aerobic rice (AR) at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. Four levels each of Si (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg Si ha–1) and P (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg P2O5 ha–1) were tested in a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) replicated thrice. The growth, yield and quality of AR were enhanced with increasing Si and P application rates and a similar trend was observed for WUE and soil enzyme activity. The highest grain yield of AR was recorded with 120 kg Si and 90 kg P2O5 ha–1 followed by 80 kg Si and 60 kg P2O5 ha–1 and the lowest in control. The grain, straw yield and water productivity increased by 10–40%, 5–30%, and 10.2–39%, respectively in different treatments over control. Though, all studied parameters showed increment with increasing dose of Si and P; however 60 kg P2O5 and 80 kg Si ha–1 were statistically superior to their other respective doses. In conclusion, supplementation of Si and P fertilizers substantially increased the AR productivity in Trans-Gangetic plains of India (Figure 1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical water catchments of India's capital city were foundational to the flourishing of settlements that spanned centuries. Today, those water features are held up as 'wise' models of water stewardship for the people who criticise the Indian government's water management shortcomings. This article investigates historical imaginations of infrastructures past with attention to how their example leads to demands for 'smart(er)' water management regimes. It also shows how efforts to revive past water catchments can make meaningful contributions to water stewardship, but that they still risk perpetuating the water access inequalities and middle-class priorities that are identified in a growing body of scholarship on India's water politics. Since the existing scholarship predominantly focuses on exploitative rural-to-urban and inter-urban water flows, this text argues that water politics – including political ecologies of water – are also poignantly revealed in the study of seemingly proactive solutions such as the expansion of urban water catchments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the international community seems ready to move forward on the CTBT, FMCT, and achieving nuclear zero, New Delhi's participation likely will be limited until its leaders believe that they possess a nuclear arsenal capable of minimal deterrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Time to hospital after a road traffic crash (RTC) plays a vital role in determining the outcome for crash victims. In Delhi, there are seven designated trauma centres where crash victims are typically taken, which may not be nearest hospital. We compare the transport time access (crash to hospital) depending on whether the victim is transported to a designated trauma centre or the nearest hospital. Data and methods: For each RTC geocoded manually from police records, the nearest hospital and the designated trauma centre is identified using Google Maps places nearby Search API and guidelines. Travel time matrix is generated between RTC's and identified hospitals using Google maps distance matrix API. Index accounting inter-district differences is developed. Results and conclusions: The network of designated trauma centres in New Delhi is located such that they can be accessed within 45 min of most crashes while nearest hospital within 30 min. As a result, the vast majority of crash victims are likely to receive timely care if they are rapidly transferred to either of these caregivers. However, for the most severely injured and time-sensitive cases, bypassing nearest hospital for trauma care, could substantially improve survival outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]