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As a precursor to land management and biodiversity conservation, hierarchical landscape classification and mapping has recently received renewed attention. Since climate is the main factor affecting the coarse-scale spatial distribution of vegetation types, the first step to deal with for developing a hierarchical landscape classification is to categorize the landscape based on the climatic variables that influence the biological systems. Climate also plays an important role in characterizing wildfire regimes. Through its influence on biomass production, climate controls fuel availability. At the same time, climate affects fuel moisture, which is the main determinant for fire ignition and propagation. The influence of climate on coarse-scale landscape classification and fire regimes invites a comparison of phytoclimatic maps to wildfire data. The main objectives of this paper are: (1) to evaluate the phenological uniqueness of the main phytoclimatic regions of Sardinia (Italy) based on five-year data (2000-04) of SPOT-Vegetation NDVI profiles, and (2) to evaluate to what extent the wildfire time series associated to the phytoclimatic regions of Sardinia differ in their temporal properties over the same time span. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]