Search

If women in London in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries sought the perfect crime in which to participate, selecting receiving stolen goods provided excellent opportunities for profit and little chance of punishment. Low conviction rates, combined with the fact that no behaviour outside of gendered expectations was required in its commission, made dealing in stolen goods relatively easy for women in the metropolis. Although this particular offence has not been deeply analysed by historians of crime, its commission did alarm contemporaries, including members of the legal community and social commentators. This paper explores accusations against females in London for receiving, as well as the important roles that familial relationships and work played in their indictments for the crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses judicial records of the Sheriffs' Court of London and the royal Court of Common Pleas at Westminster to investigate whether the concept of a later medieval 'Golden Age' of female opportunity, as Caroline Barron has posited, is indicated by London's legal customs, as reflected in quantitative evidence of London women's court appearances and the types of cases in which they were litigants. It offers an introduction to economic and legal aspects of the 'Golden Age debate' and other quantitative investigations of women in later medieval courts; presents a comparative pre-plague to post-plague analysis of London women in the London Sheriffs' Court and royal Court of Common Pleas; and places trends regarding London women within a national context. It is concluded that women in London, as elsewhere in England, were less likely to act as litigants in the post-plague era, suggesting a general tightening up of patriarchal control over women's public activities that is inconsistent with a socially expressed 'Golden Age' of women in later medieval London. But, some evidence is presented that London women may nevertheless have enjoyed slightly enhanced economic opportunities in the fifteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2004, the first citizenship ceremony was conducted in the London Borough of Brent. These compulsory ceremonies for those who have been granted British citizenship had been proposed in the government white paper and then in the 2002 Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act. They were designed to celebrate the moment of achieving citizenships and were one response to a perceived ‘crisis of citizenship’ in Britain. This study examines the texts of the ‘local welcome’ which is given by a local dignitary at every ceremony as a moment of invention of tradition and of narrating citizenship and thereby narrating the nation-state. The study explores how and what the speeches tell us about understandings of citizenship and its relationship to diversity. It explores how history is also represented within the speeches. Finally, the study interrogates the texts' telling of a multi-cultural story. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 14th Olympiad took place in London in 1948. Post-war reconstruction had barely started in the battered host city and all the venues for the Games were lent by private or public organizations with little expenditure for rebuilding allocated. This paper addresses the emergence and after-lives of the venues of the 1948 Games and examines their significance to the United Kingdom's capital city as it prepares for its third Olympiad: the 2012 Games in Stratford. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years, the discount retail food market in the UK has grown to record levels. This followed a period of gradual increase in store numbers and also more favourable trading characteristics for discounters given the recession and global financial problems of the late 2000s. Although market share dipped a little in 2010, the deep discounters still have impressive growth plans for their UK store networks. Given this context, the aim of this paper is twofold. First, we wish to explore the recent growth of the discounters in the UK and analyse the dynamics of customer patronage based on geodemographics in the late 2000s using data from Acxiom's Research Opinion Poll survey. We believe that this fills a major gap in the literature as there has been little reported on the spatial expansion of discounters since work in the 1990s (especially in the UK). Second, we wish to use this geodemographic analysis to look for potential new sites for discount retailers in two selected areas of the UK. The geodemographic analysis will be supplemented by more detailed revenue forecasting obtained from a retail location model. Again, there is little in the literature using spatial analysis to look for market opportunities in this way. We also introduce a novel method for validating retail models using the Acxiom data. The study areas are Yorkshire and Humber, and London, two very different regions in terms of current discount retail market share. The research shows that there are still opportunities for growth in so-called saturated markets especially if the retailers concerned consider a potential expansion into ‘middle’ Britain, moving the focus from deep discounting to serving more middle markets (a potential change in the value-platform growth strategies through which companies such as Aldi now seem to be championing). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern Olympic Games are large and complex enough to be termed ‘mega events’. They use enormous resources; human, physical and financial. The effects of such investments are significant and long-lived for the host country; both urban infrastructure and security measures must be meticulously planned to ensure the event’s success. In the case of London 2012, there was less than 24 hours between the announcement that London would be the host, and the tragic events of the July bombings, meaning that Britain’s Olympic Games would forever be inextricably linked with terrorism. This paper examines whether the forthcoming Olympic Games has been used as an opportunity to ensure that Britain’s maritime flank is as well protected as it can be. It will ask whether there is a credible threat to the UK from the maritime domain, both during the event, and once it has finished. It will look at how the Government views the issue of defence of our homeland waters from threats, what work has been done to mitigate risks to the Olympics, and whether, once the closing ceremony has finished, the unique opportunities offered by the hosting of such event has made us safer. It will conclude that there is a credible threat of attack on the UK’s way of life, either at, or from the sea, but despite this, the Government is taking a strategic risk in relying on the maritime environment to deliver over 90 per cent of our trade. Not only that, the Government has directed that security for the Olympics will be based on ‘business as usual’, and so the hosting of the largest event on the planet has potentially been a missed opportunity to focus on strengthening our security structures. Current Government Foreign and Defence Policies provide little opportunity for re-visiting our homeland security strategy, despite predictions of security requirements to preserve our way of life becoming future defence priorities. In this era of fiscal strain, ever fewer assets and capabilities, and our reliance on the sea for our very survival, the homeland maritime domain has never looked so vulnerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

London in the 1930s was an imperial city marked by overt and covert racial discrimination. However, within this context, some black Londoners attempted to challenge the racialization of London's urban space and to forge hospitable places in which they could dwell, dine, dance, and debate. This paper provides a detailed history of the involvement of the League of Coloured Peoples (LCP), and in particular its founder Dr Harold Moody, in a Colonial Office-funded project to establish a hostel for colonial students, particularly African and African diasporic students, in London. It asserts that prior scholarship on Aggrey House has neglected the agency of the LCP in this project, and contributes to broader attempts to highlight the role of Africans and African diasporic subjects in altering the urban geography of London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mid-19th century, the migration of people into London was at its height. Studies of gross and net migration patterns from other regions demonstrate the importance of London as a goal destination, but until now the underlying structure of migration movements was difficult to access due to the volume of material involved. This paper exploits the recent indexing of the currently available censuses to identify the individual migration behaviour of young men from Devon, Norfolk and Sussex to London. Findings relating to the size and locality of source places, occupational backgrounds, kinship and to residential and occupational choice upon reaching London are presented for each county. The importance of information as a spur to migration is underlined and differing responses in terms of occupation are attributed to distance depreciation of such information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with 17 firework loanwords that were advertised in the London newspapers in the eighteenth century. In the preceding century, fireworks were largely restricted to warfare. In the early eighteenth century, they were fired locally for entertainment, but the practice of the public firework display really took off after the Green Park display of 1749. Firework displays then became a staple attraction in certain pleasure-gardens. The predominant expertise at the time was Italian, and Italian vocabulary filtered down to local fireworkers and into their advertisements. It is suggested that this technical vocabulary is unlikely to have been understood by many readers. It could easily have been translated, but the display-promoters chose to keep the foreign terms, presumably in order to align fireworks with other fashionable, non-essential commodities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

London's Tottenham Court Road has long been associated with the furniture business, but had its heyday between 1850 and 1950. This paper considers the furniture business in this street through a mix of retail business history and urban geography. It will attempt to show why this particular 'furniture street' developed as it did. Considerations of the networks or clusters of businesses associated with furniture-making assist in the analysis. The nature of the furniture industry and trade in the immediate area and the history of particular stores in the street as exemplars of the processes are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public performance of various and sometimes conflicting identities constitutes a recognisable part of the late adolescent and early adult period. Often such identities are transitional and interchangeable. For young Muslims in Britain, however, the performance of a recognisable ‘Muslim’ identity through religious practices and affiliations to named Muslim groups has frequently been read as the adoption of an oppositional identity in reaction to the increased stigmatisation and racialisation of the Muslim population. Exploring a range of spaces in which these Muslim identities are learned and adapted by young adults, this paper seeks to understand how Islam can be used as a vehicle through which to practise both rebellion and conformity. By interrogating the nuances in decision-making related to conformity and the management of deviant identities, it further attempts to understand the importance of the local context in the place of violent extremism and radical ideologies and their relation to ‘seditious spaces’. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article addresses the concern of Association for Language Learning (ALL) members on the severe grading of languages examinations at General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) in comparison with other subjects. Helen Myers, member of executive and chair of ALL London, commissioned a detailed paper giving statistical evidence that GSCE grades for languages were overall lower than other subjects.

During the Labour Party's preparation for the 1948 London Olympic Games, which were held from 29 July to 16 August and were, although only three years after the Yalta Agreement of 11 February 1945, an attempt to point the United Kingdom resolutely into the future, the French press did not hesitate to criticize the resourcefulness and relaxed attitude of the British. France's ambivalent perception was, moreover, further magnified by the absence of Germany, Japan and the USSR, which reopened the question of politics in sport and its use for propaganda purposes, 12 years after the nationalist excesses of the Berlin Games. Analysis of coverage concerning the 'Reconciliation Games' in the main French papers highlights the contrasted effect of the London Olympics and illustrates the predominant weight of political ideologies in the construction of national identities. Finally, it underlines the recurrent difficulties encountered in bringing together the French and the British who were, immediately after the Second World War, divided between the necessity to commemorate and be hopeful for a pacified Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of new workhouses lay at the centre of poor law reform after 1834. In London, however, such prominent displays of the new system were relatively rare. This article explores why that was the case, arguing that the absence of new workhouses was not necessarily a reflection of the reluctance of London parishes to adopt the reforms but rather because adequate provision already existed or other forms of indoor relief were considered to be more appropriate. Prior to 1834, several London parishes embarked on extensive enlargement or rebuilding of workhouses, notably in rapidly growing districts surrounding the City. During the 1820s, in the wake of financial stringencies, relief practices were tightened. Therefore, when the Poor Law Amendment Act came into force in 1834, many London parishes had already embarked on reforms that pre-dated those recommended by the legislation. In the following years, rather than build new workhouses to accommodate the growing number of paupers, London vestries chose to cooperate and build specialist institutions: district schools for children and county asylums for the lunatic poor. Economies of scale arising from the spatial proximity of numerous large parishes and unions made this approach feasible. The lack of new workhouses, therefore, should not be taken as evidence that London parishes refused to implement the spirit of the new poor law. Far from it: early construction and tighter relief regimes prior to 1834 and the continuing dominance of indoor relief throughout the period suggest that London led rather than followed developments elsewhere in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically the development of principles and practice for integrated planning and urban design around suburban railway stations has not been a core component of British planning. However, over the past decade or so, in response to the growth of a consensus around the need to promote more sustainable transport behaviour, this situation has begun to change. This paper reviews the contemporary literature for integrated planning and design at and around stations and derives a set of analytical criteria which are used to evaluate the policy context for a new railway project in East London: the East London Line Extension. Conclusions are drawn as to whether the principles of good practice are being adhered to and the likelihood of the stations and their environs becoming exemplars of good practice for others to follow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines university and higher education institution (HEI) involvement in regional knowledge commercialization processes, using London as a case study. It analyses the determinants of HEI knowledge commercialization, and the characteristics of HEIs and the sources of financial capital engaged in these commercialization processes. It is found that within London, a region with a high concentration of both HEIs and sources of financial capital, the lack of effective regional networks between HEIs and financial institutions makes the engagement of HEIs in regional knowledge commercialization activity problematic. It is further found that many of the resources associated with successful knowledge commercialization are skewed towards London's larger and more prestigious universities. Subsequently, the involvement of HEIs in London in knowledge-based venturing processes is significantly lower than that expected. This has resulted in the public sector taking a significant role in meeting HEI demand for seed finance. The findings oppose much existing literature, especially relating to regional innovation systems and clusters, which argues that core and strong economic regions usually possess effective and embedded knowledge networks of the kind analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses a micro-study within an intervention project, conducted in four London primary schools, to enhance the spoken language skills of reception children. There were 60 children in each of the intervention and comparison groups. The focus here is to explore a classroom assessment of young children's oral narrative skills. Effective early language and literacy teaching with children from diverse backgrounds depends upon having detailed knowledge of children's oral skills, especially oral narrative skills, since the ability to narrate and report is a vital skill for future academic success and is highly correlated with later fluency in reading. Teachers need detailed descriptions of their pupils' spoken language skills and this is especially important where populations are diverse. A story retelling activity, developed and used extensively in New Zealand, gives teachers information about their pupils' language skills on entry to school. This procedure ('Tell Me') can be used in the normal course of classroom teaching and its evaluation for use in the UK is the focus of the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops previous analyses of data from an ESRC-funded study of middle-class parents' choices of childcare in two London locations (Battersea and Stoke Newington). It tentatively explores differences between the educational choices made in the two localities and connections which occur between educational and spatial preferences and practices. These connections within the two class fraction samples are presented using Basil Bernstein's arguments concerning the relations between pedagogical practices and social class. The argument is that the class fractions identified here use space differently and concomitantly engage in different kinds of social relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurorehabilitation usually has two objectives: Managing the initial phase of patient improvement and ensuring long-term support for continuing disability. The UK National Health Service (NHS) provides acute neurorehabilitation within general hospital wards and specialist units, but arrangements for long-term placement are less satisfactory. NHS health authorities, administrative agencies responsible for the health of defined local populations of about half a million, hold resources for purchasing both acute and long-term medical and nursing services; long-term care usually also requires financial support from municipal social services departments. The patient's health status may be used in assessing the need for services, but little information on clinical outcome is available for purchasers. This paper describes purchasing for neurorehabilitation in a London health authority, and suggests how the arrangements could be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we use the duality approach to demand theory to evaluate the value to a consumer of a farecard which allows travel at zero marginal pecuniary cost. The analysis is extended to networks with two modes of travel (bus and underground). Illustrative figures are calculated for farecards on the London Transport network.
The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework within which the economist may attempt to put a value on farecards. Valuing farecards is important for two reasons. First, there is the issue of the appropriate relative price of farecards and ordinary fares. Either from the point of view of LT as profit-maximizing monopoly supplier of London travel services, or from the point of view of pricing to maximize social welfare, it will be necessary to know the implicit demand function for farecards. Second, there is the question of whether the increased takeup of farecards following the introduction of travelcards may be in part responsible for the substantial growth in travel on the LT network over the five year upto 1988. But it is clear that this second question may also have pricing implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides estimates of the average cost function for police services in England and Wales using 1981 data. The main intention is to provide replication and extension of American studies of the police average cost function. These studies have been carried out in the search for a U-shaped average cost function. The results have been extremely diverse which may well be due to differing approaches to output measurement and a general lack of attention to problems of multicollinearity, identification and heteroscedasticity. These difficulties are addressed in this paper through the estimation of numerous specifications and the application of appropriate tests. Different estimation techniques are also applied in accordance with alternative hypotheses about the process of cost determination. The overwhelming evidence from the results is of decreasing costs throughout the range of observed output levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food markets were a vital element in the economic life of Britain over many centuries, and the arrival of railways into urban spaces during the nineteenth century provided unprecedented opportunities for them to expand the range and volume of good that they sold. This article examines the impact of railways on these markets during the decades following the arrival of trains into London through a case study of Borough Market. This important London fruit and vegetable market is examined through the prism of its financial records. Detailed analysis of the Market's income produces a timeline for growth, while the records for the goods ported through the Market help to explain the change. The case study also highlights developments in trading techniques at Borough Market that enabled it to prosper during the second half of the nineteenth century, despite limitations placed on its expansion created by the impact of railways on the urban physical environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the workings of ghosts in Second World War London, particularly what they reveal about the experience, representation, and management of life under fire. It brings together urban-historical, psychological, and cultural/commemorative approaches in tracing how ghosts were used to articulate the turbulence of bombardment. Arguing that ghosts represent a useful tool for bridging the gap between different readings of wartime London, the article pays attention to the universal dimensions of air raids and particular local variations. The article suggests that the workings of ghosts—and the psychology of believing more broadly—represent an important, if neglected, aspect of the civilian experience of war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the first half of the nineteenth century the Cornish economy was thriving, dominated by the metal mining industry. When the economy was thriving Cornish wrestling was at the height of its popularity when a large number of wrestlers entered numerous tournaments for lucrative prizes and witnessed by large crowds. It was also the time when the sport flourished in London. The leading wrestler during this period was Tom Gundry, who in a relatively short career won many of the tournaments in Cornwall, Devon and London and consequently was able to amass a significant sum in prize money. Despite his prominence he occasionally resorted to match-fixing or 'faggoting' with his opponents. During the second half of the nineteenth century, however, there was a collapse of the economy which had a deleterious effect upon Cornish wrestling with decreases in numbers of wrestlers, tournaments, prize money and spectators. The sport also disappeared from London. The common thread running throughout the nineteenth century is a 'persistence of difference'. Cornwall's historical experience was different from the rest of Britain and that difference has persisted over time and has led to a unique identity. Cornish wrestling contributed to the construction of that identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his 2000 book, Between Camps, and its 2005 follow-up, Postcolonial Melancholia, Paul Gilroy described postcolonial melancholia—a failure to mourn the loss of imperial prestige—and conviviality—the messy and banal navigation of fractally complex but increasingly less meaningful lines of difference in the city—as two opposing but related characteristics of the British urban experience at the dawn of the century. Nowhere is this more evident than in the neighbourhoods of riverine East London, whose identity and urban morphology have been shaped by the river running through them, upriver to the heart of the imperial metropolis and downriver to Britain's extensive colonies and postcolonies. In these long-standing arrival quarters, the structure of feeling includes two elements in tension with each other: a mode of lament expressing a form of morbid attachment to the perceived greatness of the imperial age, whose ghostly afterlife is etched in the monumental architecture of London's boroughs and inscribed in the names of its streets and buildings; and a fragile emergent form of convivial coexistence that finds resonance in alternative narratives of the imperial past. Gidley's article addresses these issues through data from long-standing research engagement with Bermondsey and Deptford on the southern shore and with Barking on the northern shore of the Thames. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing recognition that young adults of low socioeconomic status are among the loneliest in the United Kingdom. However, there has been a dearth of qualitative research exploring how they cope with their loneliness. Using a novel free association technique, this study sought to explore how young adults (n = 48) in London's most deprived areas cope with feeling lonely. A thematic analysis, informed by an inductive approach, identified six key themes. Seeking connection, avoidance, seeking support and cognitive strategies were most prevalent. Meaning-focused coping and distraction were also identified, albeit less often. Overall, there were diverse ways of coping within and across respondents and important differences were found between the genders. The findings call for the early identification of those at risk of persistent avoidance behaviours and for interventions that provide meaningful leisure activities, with mutual goals in communities, alongside the strengthening of support and authenticity in relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A few months ago I took part in a gloomy debate about the housing crisis with the celebrated modernist architect Kate Macintosh. All the speakers had referred despairingly to the demolition of dozens upon dozens of London's housing estates—the ‘London clearances’ written about so cogently by Simon Elmer and Geraldine Dening in this Special Feature. When Kate got up to speak she talked about her experience of designing South London's landmark Dawson's Heights in the 1960s and the success of recent community projects in bringing North London's once troubled Broadwater Farm Estate together. ‘Does she not know it's also under threat of demolition?’, I wondered to myself. It turns out she did, with her voice cracking as she continued, breaking down in tears at the thought of what the community now had to face, despite all their efforts. Then she composed herself and continued. But as she returned to her seat she was tripped up by a misplaced lead and fell, breaking her arm. It was an upsetting incident and felt to me like a disturbing metaphor for London's housing crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reports on developments in British archival resources, compiled as of October 1990. Acquisition of the G.K. Chesterton archive by the British Library; Establishment of a Review Panel which examines all aspects of information handling in the humanities, by the British Library Research; Winners of the third annual National Preservation Office/Riley Dunn and Wilson Ltd. Conservation Competition.

Recent reports have demonstrated high troponin levels in patients affected with COVID-19. In the present study, we aimed to determine the association between admission and peak troponin levels and COVID-19 outcomes. This was an observational multi-ethnic multi-centre study in a UK cohort of 434 patients admitted and diagnosed COVID-19 positive, across six hospitals in London, UK during the second half of March 2020. Myocardial injury, defined as positive troponin during admission was observed in 288 (66.4%) patients. Age (OR: 1.68 [1.49–1.88], p <.001), hypertension (OR: 1.81 [1.10–2.99], p =.020) and moderate chronic kidney disease (OR: 9.12 [95% CI: 4.24–19.64], p <.001) independently predicted myocardial injury. After adjustment, patients with positive peak troponin were more likely to need non-invasive and mechanical ventilation (OR: 2.40 [95% CI: 1.27–4.56], p =.007, and OR: 6.81 [95% CI: 3.40–13.62], p <.001, respectively) and urgent renal replacement therapy (OR: 4.14 [95% CI: 1.34–12.78], p =.013). With regards to events, and after adjustment, positive peak troponin levels were independently associated with acute kidney injury (OR: 6.76 [95% CI: 3.40–13.47], p <.001), venous thromboembolism (OR: 11.99 [95% CI: 3.20–44.88], p <.001), development of atrial fibrillation (OR: 10.66 [95% CI: 1.33–85.32], p =.026) and death during admission (OR: 2.40 [95% CI: 1.34–4.29], p =.003). Similar associations were observed for admission troponin. In addition, median length of stay in days was shorter for patients with negative troponin levels: 8 (5–13) negative, 14 (7–23) low-positive levels and 16 (10–23) high-positive (p <.001). Admission and peak troponin appear to be predictors for cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular events and outcomes in COVID-19 patients, and their utilisation may have an impact on patient management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I analyze the promised efficacy of Pembrolizumab, an immunotherapy regime under clinical trial for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Drawing on anthropological fieldwork with patients and health professionals in a gastrointestinal cancer clinic in London, UK, I tease out the dynamics through which scientists and clinicians assemble personalized technologies to halt cancer growth in patients' bodies; what patients undergo in order to participate in these innovations; and the constraints that restrict the efficacy of these treatments. Beyond examining the treatment possibilities that clinical trials offer, I illuminate some of the gaps made visible when personalization happens from below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have examined the economic cost of psychoses other than schizophrenia and there have been no studies of the economic cost of pathways to care in patients with their first episode of psychosis. The aims of this study were to explore the economic cost of pathways to care in patients with a first episode of psychosis and to examine variation in costs. Data on pathways to care for first episode psychosis patients referred to specialist mental health services in south-east London and Nottingham between 1997--2000. Costs of pathway events were estimated and compared between diagnostic groups. The average costs for patients in south-east London were ££54 (CI ££33--££75) higher, compared to patients in Nottingham. Across both centres unemployed patients had ££25 (CI ££7--££43) higher average costs compared to employed patients. Higher costs were associated with being unemployed and living in south-east London and these differences could not be accounted for by any single factor. This should be considered when the National Health Service (NHS) is making decisions about funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remnant of once-famous “London Stone” stands almost unnoticed today in Cannon Street, in the City of London. Speculation about its origin began as early as the sixteenth century. This paper considers in particular the identification of the Stone as London's talisman (a view embodied in an invented “ancient saying” that linked it to the city's legendary Trojan foundation), or as a prehistoric “fetish stone” set up when London was first settled. The mythologising of London Stone continues, and at the turn of the twenty-first century it is regarded by some as an essential element in London's indefinable “sacred geometry.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Britain, there is much concern in policy and public discourse about immigrant integration and social cohesion. But how do immigrants themselves perceive the process of settlement in the UK? This question is examined through exploration of the work strategies developed by Ghanaian immigrants in London in their quest to live a decent life. We explore three issues: how Ghanaians negotiate relations of power in developing viable work strategies in London; how those strategies are shaped or mediated by family, community ties and social networks; and how Ghanaians themselves define and live 'integration' and cohesion. Our results indicate that some Ghanaians experience a 'levelling' process in their work lives in London, where they continually juggle between job exploitation, racism and inadequate pay. In addition, Ghanaians maintain strong family and community ties, a tradition carried over from Ghana. Distinct from the idea that weak ties outside one's community are likely to provide the most relevant and adequate information and resources, we found that weak ties within the community provide the same function. Finally, immigrants tend to define 'integration' differently to 'sense of belonging'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the two unpublished contributions to meetings by Alfred Tarski. The first meeting was a joint meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic and the American Philosophical Society, which was held in Chicago, Illinois. The second meeting which was held at Bedford College in London, England, was an International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science.

This article discusses problems that are associated with IAS 37 and an exposure draft of proposed amendments by the International Accounting Standards Board in London, Great Britain. The article is broken down by product warranty, recognition, identifying the liability with conditional and unconditional obligations, applying the probability recognition criterion, measurement and risks and uncertainties. The article uses an example of product warranty to explain why these amendments came about.

Provides an overview of the holdings of the London Metropolitan Archives (LMA), the largest local authority archive in Great Britain. Background on LMA; Details of the organization's acquisitions policy; Classes of collections; Key functions of the London-wide authorities.

The role of higher education institutions as active agents of globalization and marketization remains relatively little explored. Economic geographic perspectives are particularly well placed to investigate globalizing higher education as an important economic sector, in addition to its supportive role in the knowledge economy. Drawing on political economic and cultural economic perspectives on marketization and geographic fixes, the study analyzes the motivations and spatial strategies for geographic expansion of universities through the establishment of branch campuses. Based on qualitative interviews with key decision-makers of English universities, I argue that (international) branch campuses enable a range of geographic fixes for higher education institutions: a territorial fix through the geographic expansion and construction of segmented markets and a symbolic fix through the relocation of campuses to places that promise reputational gains. The rapid growth of British branch campuses abroad and domestically (in the global city of London) involve substantial financial and reputational risks and as fixes constitute only temporary stabilizations. The conceptualization of symbolic fixes, in addition to territorial fixes, may enable a more nuanced understanding of the role of space in the construction of segmented, yet relational markets that combines intersecting political economic and cultural economic logics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The argument here places the personal reflections of BAME students and educators at the forefront in this discussion of racial inequity in the British educational system. The contributors are stakeholders who have an investment in schooling, either as student or educator, that cannot be reduced to the four walls of the classroom. It features interviews and personal communications that shed light on what needs to be done to correct disparities in educational outcomes for BAME students. Emphasis is placed on the quality of their contributions and the importance of having a positive black presence in their teaching and learning environments. It features candid reflections on the rights or wrongs of having a Black History Month (BHM) celebration, especially in the wake of the introduction in 2008 of Black History as the 'Slave Trade' in the National Curriculum, which many considered, and still believe was ill thought through at the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outlines the understanding of how and by whom the collection of World War I British official films known as the IWM Series was created, how they have come to survive, and the scope of the said collection. Development of film war propaganda during the First World War; Role of the Imperial War Museum in preserving the films; Overview of the scope of the IWM Series.

Based on a decade of voluntary work and a year of intensive ethnographic fieldwork in an orthodox Jewish care home in London, I demonstrate the ways in which an individual's loss of cognition, language and memory is challenged, rethought and facilitated in everyday life. Drawing on Ingold's idea of dwelling, I examine how loss is constantly negotiated and distributed in ways of becoming that are radically contingent, profoundly relational and potentially generative during an art activity in the context of co-dwelling. I refer to this as dementia-becoming. I suggest a more inclusive understanding of loss as a way of life, constitutive of life, and appreciated as a potential co-creative affordance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate if house prices are affected by the overconfidence of households who predict house prices using imperfect public information about economic outlook. For this purpose, we develop a new measure of household overconfidence in the Bayesian framework. For the three variables we test – changes in consumption, stock returns, and changes in human capital, we find that UK households were overconfident about the signals of consumption regardless of regions. However, households in London were overconfident about the signals of stock markets whereas those remote from London were overconfident about the signals of human capital. The results of household overconfidence appear positive in the UK housing market for our sample period from 1980 to 2018, in particular, 0.5% per quarter in London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the Jewish and Catholic experience of acceptance, rejection and discrimination in late nineteenth-century Britain through the lens of the celebrations of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee in the summer of 1897. Arguing that the Anglo-Jewish and English Catholic hierarchical discourses created at the time of the Jubilee reveal the continuing profound insecurities felt by the minority leaderships, the article will dissect the various 'stories' created around the events of the Jubilee, particularly in London. It will consider in turn how narratives were created stressing Victoria's personal role of liberator; how a premium was placed by the hierarchies on the different demographic strands of the minority communities behaving in aropriate 'English' class roles; and how this narrative was complicated – first by Irish nationalism and migrant Jewish radicalism, and secondly by the prejudices of the wider British establishment. Ultimately it will contend that the events of the Jubilee revealed a continued exclusion of Jewish and Catholic groups from the British ruling class, and that anti-Catholic sectarianism and antisemitism was not solely a matter of economic discrimination and physical violence against working-class communities, but also subtler forms of prejudice against more prosperous Jews and Catholics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gender & Development is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urban areas in Europe and beyond have seen significant changes in immigration patterns, leading to profound diversification characterized by the multiplication of people of different national origins, migration histories, religions, educational backgrounds, legal statuses and socio-economic backgrounds, a condition now commonly described as super-diversity. An important part of this super-diversity is individual migrants who do not follow established chain migrations. Little is known about processes of settlement of migrants who do not form part of larger migration movements and might not be able to draw on the support of others of the same national, ethnic, linguistic, religious and socio-economic background. This article describes patterns of settlement of such individual migrants in London. Drawing on the notion of “pioneer migration”, the article focuses on social networks, examining the kinds of social relations pioneer migrants form in the course of settlement and showing that many migrants strive to form social relations beyond co-ethnics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is both (a) an exercise in historical recovery in that it details some of the events surrounding the founding of the City and Guilds of London Institute and describes the way in which the Institute set about the building and running of two of its colleges, the City and Guilds Technical College, Finsbury, and the Central Institution in South Kensington (new archival detail is added to what is already known of this history) and (b) an attempt to interpret the above material in terms of various forms of association within the City Corporation and the guilds. Collectively the City and the guilds made an effort to come to terms with a modernizing world through the means of providing scientific and technical education. The guilds wanted to remain important even though traditional apprenticeship was dying out. In joining in a new venture to provide technical education for young people it was necessary to maintain an order in which the City's presence was clear and apparent. This paper will show how such an order was achieved and, in so doing, it shows something more generally of the relationship of tradition and rhetoric to institution building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almack's, a mixed-sex establishment run by a group of female patronesses, was a popular meeting place for the aristocracy in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Yet, despite its contemporary appeal, the establishment has received little attention from historians. This article addresses this absence, exploring the varying, and often contentious, social, cultural and political functions and meanings the establishment held. Building on recent historiographical developments, this article demonstrates how certain aristocratic women were able to exercise power and influence at the heart of their class. In doing so, it considers the intersections between gender, urban space and political culture. It argues that the activities of the female patronesses were often highly contested, exposing the narrow, and often blurred, line between legitimate and illegitimate action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1930s and 1940s art increasingly came to be used as a therapeutic tool with children who were perceived as damaged by their experiences of war or displacement. This article explores two related exhibitions –Children’s Art from All Countries (1941) and The War as Seen by Children (1943) – which provided a platform for children’s impressions and experiences of war as seen through their drawings, whilst also raising money and awareness for refugee children’s causes. Although supported by an influential network of British educators and cultural figures, the exhibitions were conceived and organised by displaced German, Austrian, and Czech artists and cultural educators who were members of the Free German League of Culture in London during the Second World War. The exhibitions are considered as sites of educational and political interventions by adult refugees in the context of therapeutic interventions with refugee children in British educational settings. In so doing, this article argues that the exhibition organisers conceived of cultural and creative learning as a transformative vehicle for supporting and re-forming personal identities, and for the re-imagining of collective democratic futures. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The data collected by the New Survey of London Life and Labour between 1928 and 1932 is one of the most significant resources of detailed household information for the interwar period, with data extracted for almost 30,000 households, providing detailed information including birthplaces, hours of work, and wages. This article assesses the process of the original data collection, highlighting issues that mean users of the extracted data must proceed with a measure of caution. In particular, it demonstrates that one investigator employed by the survey, who provided information for around a fifth of households, appears to have regularly submitted generic and estimated information that problematizes the dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Post-Medieval Archaeology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)