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Based on research undertaken as part of the EU funded EPPIC project, this paper aims to update and elaborate on the relationship between drug use and offending behaviours by exploring variations within a cross-national sample of drug-experienced young people in touch with criminal justice systems. Adopting a trajectory-based approach, interviews were undertaken with 198 young people aged 15–25 in six European countries (Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Poland, and UK). Data were analysed by applying the Bennett and Holloway categorization of the drugs-crime link, with a focus on the concept of social exclusion as developed by Seddon. Three main types of mechanisms (economic, pharmaceutical, and lifestyles) are used to interpret the data, showing how the relationship between drugs and offending can vary according to type of substances and over time. Furthermore, it can be associated with very different degrees of social exclusion and needs. The results suggest that while economic inequalities still play key roles in explaining drug use and offending, both behaviours can originate from a state of relative deprivation, resulting from the contradictions inherent in 'bulimic societies' that raise aspirations and desires while providing young people scarce opportunities for self-realisation and social recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) endure long phases of therapy and immobility, which diminish their physical activity (PA) level leading to physical deconditioning. One of the reasons is a lack of clarity on the part of those who work in oncology clinical settings of their role in assessing, advising, and referring patients to exercise. Therefore, our study investigates reported physical activity counseling behavior of health care professionals (HCPs) and the patient perspective on this topic. Physicians (N = 52), nurses (N = 52) physical therapists (N = 26), and patients receiving HSCT (N = 62) participated in a nationwide cross-sectional online-survey. Patients' preferred source of information concerning PA was determined. We examined HCPs self-assessed PA counseling behavior and patients' PA recall by assessing the use of the 5As (Ask, Advice, Agree, Assist, Arrange). Analysis of survey responses was descriptive. Univariate multinomial logistic regression examined whether sociodemographic factors and patient characteristics influence the response behavior. Physicians and PA specialists were patients' preferred source of information regarding PA. A large discrepancy between HCPs' perception and the degree to which HSCT patients recall advice became apparent; profound counseling steps like making referrals were less often recalled in our patient sample. Inactive patients reported to receive less basic PA counseling by physicians. Future research should identify the requirements to increase patients' recall concerning PA counseling in the setting of HSCT. Important messages about PA need to be made more salient to those who are less active and less engaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interprofessional teamwork often suffers from the existence of negative stereotypes. To combat their prevalence, interprofessional education (IPE) activities are being implemented worldwide. The aim of this study is to inform IPE developers of the prevalence and content of interprofessional stereotypes in the workplace in Germany and similarly structured healthcare systems. We surveyed health professionals with several years of work experience as nurse, midwife, or therapist concerning their attitudes toward their own professions and those of doctors using an established trait rating measure and a qualitative approach. Stereotypes of respondents (N = 129) were mostly related to (1) academic, medical competence (being perceived as lower than that of doctors) and (2) the traditional role relationship (strict hierarchy, dependence on doctors) that guides a lot of behavior, such as the little participation of nurses, midwives and therapists. Despite profound structural differences in the education and healthcare systems, our analyses further revealed similar topics for further IPE activities as in international research, such as the general demand to convey knowledge about the roles, skills and responsibilities of the other professions. The demand to improve the teamwork skills of all health professionals and empower them to be full and equal members of the healthcare team was also evident. Thus, a more reflective approach to stereotypes and their impact on interprofessional teamwork is indicated, particularly in workplace-based interprofessional learning activities. More generally, to counteract stereotypes a more widespread adoption of IPE in pre and post licensure health professions education and continuing professional development in Germany is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports on the developmental patterns of /ʃC/ clusters in 145 normally developing monolingual German-speaking children between 2;00 and 2;11. All children completed a picture naming task to allow a systematic qualitative analysis of the production patterns. Children's reductions of target /ʃC/clusters are examined and are evaluated with respect to two models, 'factorial typology' and 'headedness', to account for them. The results reveal expected patterns of C2 retention for '/ʃ/+[-continuant]' (e.g. '/ʃ/+stop' and '/ʃ/ +nasal') targets, and a rather indeterminate pattern for /ʃl/ and /ʃʁ/. The results for /ʃv/, a clear-cut preference of C2 retention, were rather unexpected, as the C2 is a [+continuant]. The explanation offered for the retention of /v/ is related to a place constraint. The study also examines the data from children who reached an advanced stage of cluster formation with differential targets. More specifically, in several children, one target, /ʃv/, is found to have stayed behind in the reduction phase while all others have advanced to the 'cluster stage'. Neither the type nor the token frequencies seem satisfactory in accounting for the specific behaviour of /ʃv/. The explanation offered for the uniqueness of this target may be its non-abidence to the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) because of its flat sonority and the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP) [continuant], because of the unchanging 'continuance' which is demanded by the OCP. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a qualitative elicitation study with 61 cancer patients, a broad range of attitudes toward physical activity could be obtained, especially negative attitudes among insufficiently active patients. Based on these results, a second quantitative study was conducted; 64 patients [40 men; 42% insufficiently active (<150 minutes/week)] completed a Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) questionnaire. Regression analyses revealed that different variables of the TPB are relevant for explaining the intention to exercise for physically active (subjective norm) and insufficiently active (attitudes) cancer patients. Health professionals should adapt their support to the special needs of insufficiently active and active cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]