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2. (Re)creating places and spaces in two countries: Brazilian transnational migration processes.
- Author
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Marcus, Alan Patrick
- Subjects
- *
BRAZILIANS , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *TRANSNATIONALISM , *CULTURAL geography , *DIASPORA , *LAND settlement patterns , *NONCITIZENS ,UNITED States emigration & immigration - Abstract
Brazilian immigration to the United States is a relatively recent phenomenon that gained momentum in the 1980s in unprecedented numbers. Today an estimated 1.2 million Brazilians live in the United States. Brazilians (re)create transnational places and spaces through social, cultural, and economic practices, within the immigrant receiving communities of Marietta, Georgia, and Framingham, Massachusetts, in the United States. They also incorporate and add new elements to their livelihoods in the respective sending communities of Piracanjuba, in the state of Goias, and Governador Valadares, in the state of Minas Gerais, in Brazil. How are these Portuguese-speaking Brazilian immigrants shaping and (re)creating new places and spaces? In what ways and spheres do transnational exchanges affect two places of destination in the United States and two places of origin in Brazil after migration occurs? Using multiple methods, which include in-depth interviews and participant observation, this paper addresses these questions by evaluating the changes incurred by migration. I use a framework perspective that is largely from outside the Latino/Hispanic context. Migration processes are just as much about those who leave Brazil for the United States as it is about those who return to Brazil (i.e. returnees) and what happens to those respective receiving and sending communities in both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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3. Citizenship, identity and transnational migration: Arab immigrants to the United States.
- Author
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Nagel, Caroline R. and Staeheli, Lynn A.
- Subjects
- *
ARABS , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *TRANSNATIONALISM , *CITIZENSHIP , *GLOBALIZATION ,UNITED States emigration & immigration - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the changing relationships between identities, citizenship and the state in the context of globalisation. We first examine the ways in which scholars discuss changes in the ways in which citizenship and political identity are expressed in the context of international migration. We argue that much of the discussion of transnationalism and diasporacling to an assumption that citizenship remains an import- ant—though not defining—element of identity. Our position, by contrast, is that migration is one of a number of processes that transform the relationship between citizenship and identity. More specifically, we argue that it is possible to claim identity as a citizen of a country without claiming an identity as ‘belonging to’ or ‘being of’ that country, thus breaking the assumed congruity between citizenship, state and nation. We explore this possibility through a study of Arab immigrants in the US. Our findings, based on interviews with activists and an analysis of Arab American websites, suggest that concerns with both homeland and national integration are closely related to each other and may simultaneously inform immigrants' political activism. These findings indicate a need to identify multiple axes of political identification and territorial attachment that shape immigrants' sense of political membership. We argue for the importance of thinking about transnationalism as a process—and perhaps a strategy—as migrants negotiate the complex politics of citizenship and identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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