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Point Roberts, Washington is a geographical anomaly that opens a window into the lived experience of borders. Created by the imposition of an antecedent geometric boundary on an undulating coastline, Point Roberts has transitioned from a resource extraction frontier to a summer tourist destination for Canadians to a transnational borderland that defies notions of the bounded state as the container for society. The community is defined by the international border, which both connects and isolates it. Point Roberts relies on a mixture of services from both countries and fills a unique transnational economic niche, reflecting the complementarity between rural and urban and the United States and Canada. Point Roberts is a hybrid borderland: a privileged exurb for U.S. citizens working in Vancouver, a U.S. service center for Canadians, and a seaside retirement community with pockets of isolation and neglect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article examines three classes of networks in three various time periods which crossed in the U.S. and the Middle East to adopt the evolution of "cosmopolitan" and "transnational". Argumentations are made in the article such that global networks of elites make up their distinction in the local circumstances when it comes to their cosmopolitan cultural capital, second is the skill in making the distinction work which depends on the cultural capital if it can be defined when it comes to exclude negative intentions, and lastly, in creating a separation among benign cultures and unresponsive intellectual interests and imperial politics.

This article examines the concept of glocality as a way to better understand why immigrants, poor people, print-illiterate families, and boys are short-changed by schools that often operate under a deficit model or deprivation model in which students' economic, language, and gender status is the main determinant for school success. The author offers for discussion a set of themes that address (a) the challenges of recent immigration and resettlement in the Midwestern region of the United States, (b) the concept of glocality in connection to youth literacies and transnationalism, (c) the Midwest as a glocal context, and (d) the implications of success in relation to teachers and schools. Examples of glocality are drawn from research on Middle Eastern youth immigrant and refugee populations from Yemen and Iraq, as well as low socioeconomic American youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the late 1990s Wilbur Zelinsky's theory of "heterolocalism" has provided human geographers and other social scientists with a new approach to analyzing the spatial patterns and ethnic identities of recent immigrants in the United States. Zelinsky's heterolocal model suggests that, to a degree unknown in the past, new migrants in North American cities may choose to settle in widely dispersed places, rather than in more concentrated ethnic enclaves, while maintaining their ethnic identities. This article expands on and critiques prior work on heterolocalism in Oregon by examining the spatial patterns, ethnic and religious identities, and transnational relationships of two recent refugee groups in three urban areas in the Pacific Northwest. Using data from U.S. and Canadian census records, refugee resettlement agency files, survey questionnaires, structured and unstructured interviews, and participant observation with post-Soviet Russians and Ukrainians in the Vancouver, British Columbia, Seattle, Washington, and Portland, Oregon metropolitan areas, I analyze the spatial patterns and related social networks that define the identities and residential and religious spaces of these groups to test the efficacy of relating heterolocalism and transnationalism across an international boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]