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Increasing global population demands modernization in agricultural production to achieve sustainable food security. The frequent pest infestation causes a significant economic loss and deleterious impact on agriculture production. While, the traditional application of conventional pesticides leads to loss of soil biodiversity, decline in pollinator population, and negative impacts on non-target organisms. In recent years, nanotechnology has gained much interest in agricultural application. Various studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of engineered nanomaterials as an active ingredients or the nanoformulations in insect pest control and plant protection. Nanopesticides have shown more advantages over conventional pesticides in terms of high adsorption, reduced volatilization, improved tissue permeation, controlled release, etc. However, studies are also highlighting the potential toxicity of nanopesticides in non-target organism and their environmental risk. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive information on recent developments in nanopesticides and its consequences in the environment. This review highlights various aspects of nanopesticides including, preparation methods, types, characterization techniques, importance in pest control, toxicity in plant and animal models, environmental risk, and current approaches in risk assessment and regulatory strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the feasibility study of utilizing neat plastic oil TiO 2 nanoparticle is added as additive in the proportion of 100, 150, and 200 ppm fuelled in a stationary single cylinder diesel engine to asses the performance, emission and combustion characteristics. From the local municipality, the waste plastic bottles are collected and it it fed into the pyrolysis reactor to convert into pyrolysis oil. The results from performance analysis revealed that the enrichment of neat plastic with TiO 2 nanoparticle enhanced the brake thermal efficiency than without any additives in the raw oil (plastic oil). Similarly, the results of emission revealed that smoke, and hydrocarbon are considerably reduced with increased proportion of nano additive. Results also revealed that the formation of NOx is higher with POAL200 than plastic oil and other concentration of TiO 2 nanoparticle and diesel fuel. This is due to the higher availability of oxygen content in the fuel, higher quality of fuel and reduced ignition delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]