Search

Antibiotic resistant pathogen is one of the most urgent issues facing global health care. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have demonstrated a strong antibacterial capacity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, according to a number of studies. In the present study, ZnO NPs were synthesized using laser ablation in water technique by various laser energies and wavelengths. The optical absorption study proves the high peak absorption and the blue shift at 1000 mJ laser energy and 1064 nm wavelength. UV visible spectroscopy shows an absorption peak seen at (255–342) nm and the estimated optical band gap was 3.8 eV. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the appearance of stretching mode Zn–O bond at 667 cm−1. The notice Raman peaks at 437 and 380 cm−1 were assign to the E2 (high) and A1(TO) modes respectively. The broad band at 330 cm−1 is due to second order Raman scattering. X-ray diffraction shows a hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO at 2θ ≈ (32.5°, 33.9°, 37.1°, 57.24°, and 63.6°) correspond to the diffraction planes of (100), (002), (101), and (110), (103), respectively. Chemical composition using Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis ensured the high purity sharp peaks for Zn and O. High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope HR-TEM showed the creation of hexagon-shaped ZnO nanoparticles with average particle diameter of the produced ZnO nanoparticles was found to be 35 ± 5.1 nm. Dynamic light scattering shows particle size of 35 nm and zeta potential of − 37 mV which means high dispersity. Bacterial sensitivity test shows interesting antibacterial activity in concentration dependent manner and there is a remarkable effectiveness of ZnO NPs against negative gram Escherichia coli than positive gram strain Staphylococcus aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrosarcoma is a rare type of cancer that affects cells known as fibroblasts that are malignant, locally recurring, and spreading tumor in fibrous tissue. In this work, an iron plate immersed in an aqueous solution of double added deionized water, supplemented with potassium permanganate solution (KMnO4) was carried out by the pulsed laser ablation in liquid method (PLAIL). Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized using different laser wavelengths (1064, 532, and 266 nm) at a fluence of 28 J/cm2 with 100 shots of the iron plate to control the concentration, shape and size of the prepared high-stability SPIONs. The drug nanocarrier was synthesized by coating SPION with paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded chitosan (Cs) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). This nanosystem was functionalized by receptors that target folate (FA). The physiochemical characteristics of SPION@Cs-PTX-PEG-FA nanoparticles were evaluated and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. Cell internalization, cytotoxicity assay (MTT), apoptosis induction, and gene expression of SPION@Cs-PTX-PEG-FA were estimated in fibrosarcoma cell lines, respectively. In vivo studies used BALB/c tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that SPION@Cs-PTX-PEG-FA exhibited suitable physical stability, spherical shape, desirable size, and charge. SPION@Cs-PTX-PEG-FA inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of cancer cells (P < 0.01). The results of the in vivo study showed that SPION@Cs-PTX-PEG-FA significantly decreased tumor size compared to free PTX and control samples (P < 0.05), leading to longer survival, significantly increased splenocyte proliferation and IFN-γ level, and significantly decreased the level of IL-4. All of these findings indicated the potential of SPION@Cs-PTX-PEG-FA as an antitumor therapeutic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to prepare nanoencapsulation synthesized with a new formulation of Fe@Au-CS-CU-FA nanoparticle (NPs) by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) method as drug delivery to treat breast cancer (T-47D) and (MCF12A) as a normal cell line. The method synthesized Fe@Au NPs using the PLAL working at wavelength 532 nm with different laser fluence (1.9, 2.2, and 2.5) J/cm2. These Fe@Au NPs were characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The obtained mean sizes of Fe@Au NPs were 63.65, 32.47, and 31.18 nm at 1.9, 2.2, and 2.5 J/cm2, respectively. Results of the MTT assay of CU loaded Fe@Au-CS-FA NPs on human breast cancer cell line (T-47D) confirmed that cytotoxicity of CU can enhance when they are loaded on Fe@Au-CS-FA NPs in comparison with free CU. While results of flow cytometry showed that this combination can increase the therapeutic effects of CU by apoptosis induction in the T-47D cell line. Conclusion of Fe@Au-CS-CU-FA NPs causes a decrease in T-47D cell viability and caused induces 85% apoptosis. The in vivo study of Fe@Au-CS-CU-FA nanoformulation confirmed that the mean tumor size decreases in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the considerable anticancer agents, curcumin (CU) drug has been confirmed to be very extraordinary towards any type of cancer cells. Chitosan coated core–shell nanocarrier was prepared and used as a nano-carrier for encapsulation of CU drug (Fe@Au-CU-CS-FA NP's) through a reverse micro-emulsion method. Each shape and size and polydispersity (PDI) properties in addition to the contents of Fe@Au core–shell and Fe@Au-CU-CS-FA NP's were studied utilizing zeta potential particles analyzer, Atomic Force Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-rays spectroscopy, and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. On the other hand, those nanosystems characterized by UV–Visible spectrophotometer. Fe@Au NP's possess a nearly uniform size of around ~ 63.65 nm and a spherical form as core–shell at temperature 38 °C and the Fe@Au-CU-CS-FA NP's possess a nearly uniform size of around 206.5 nm and a spherical form. EDX results for Fe@Au core–shell structure show percentage ratio of (Fe, Au) elements, and the results of Fe@Au-CU-CS-FA NP's show percentage ratio of (Fe, Au, C, O, N) elements. Fe@Au-CU-CS-FA NP's use as drug delivery to treat different types of cancers. Finally, the results showed that synthesized nanosystems are noticeably potent for cancer therapy purposes due to their suitable characteristics such as small size, spherical shape, negligible aggregation, good polydispersity (PDI), correct content and appropriate magnetic responsive properties. This Fe@Au-CU-CS-FA also exhibited a controlled release of CU at 37 °C in (7.4) and (5.4) pH. Afterward, the ideal dose and therapeutic effects of (Fe@Au-CU-CS-FA) for lung cancer and normal cell lines were evaluated through MTT assay. Then the flow cytometry assay shows significant cell apoptosis induction by Fe@Au-CU-CS-FA. The results confirmed that Fe@Au-CU-CS-FA retained considerable antitumor effects; no adverse consequences were detected for normal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rates of mortality and morbidity from treatment failures have increased due to microorganisms’ growing resistance to antimicrobial medicines, signaling a severe hazard in the near future. Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using the laser penetration in water (LPW) method, which is regarded as an innovative and effective technique for producing a wide range of nanomaterials. The physical properties of the prepared NPs were studied by identifying them by dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The absorption spectrum showed two peaks, one with a modest intensity at 650 nm and the other at 280 nm. In the optical characteristics study, the band gaps estimated for the CuO NPs are 3.6 eV. XRD shows the prepared CuO NPs have a polycrystalline structure with a pre-indication particle size of approximately 35 nm. The DLS results showed that the synthesized CuO nanoparticle has 35.19 ± 12.82 nm in size and − 21.3 ± 6.56 in charge. FESEM image shows that CuO NPs have a homogeneous distributed spherical shape with some accumulation NPs in a cauliflower-like shape. Antibacterial activity of the prepared nanoparticles was tested against two types of bacterial strains, gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli), isolated from the infected wounds. AgNO3 was used as a control to compare with different concentrations of CuO NPs. The result indicated the antibacterial activity of CuO NPs was concentration-dependent and exceeded the antibacterial activity of the control agent (AgNO3). At CuO NPs, the maximum concentration used was 200 µg/ml, and the inhibition zone was 16.5 mm and 15 mm for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]