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In India, where institutional-based mental health care is common, gender and other intersecting marginalized identities along with absent familial support contribute to women's admission and prolonged confinement to psychiatric institutions. However, an intersectional analysis of factors that prevent women with limited familial support from returning to their communities is lacking. This article is based on narratives of eleven women residing at a halfway home in an urban city in India, awaiting return to their communities. We include descriptions and an intersectional analysis of women's pathways to psychiatric institutions, their experiences receiving institutional-based mental health care, and the challenges they face as they contemplate returning to their communities. This study adds to the minimal research examining women's gendered pathways to psychiatric institutions in India. Women's narratives highlight that gender and illness-related disadvantages coupled with economic adversity that led to the initial admission also serve as deterrents to reentering the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Expenditure for rehabilitation following knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis- and rehabilitation-related challenges following discharge to home after surgery is not available in the Indian context. Objectives: To estimate cost of rehabilitation and document challenges in following rehabilitation advices, from a patient perspective. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study of patients visiting the orthopedic department at a tertiary care public-funded hospital in New Delhi and included those who recently (less than 4 months) underwent primary knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis. A trained physiotherapist not involved in clinical care collected information on expenditures incurred after discharge from hospital, patient's ability to recall the advices given by the physician and challenges they experienced using a semi-structured questionnaire. We report median costs by category of direct and indirect cost and used linear regression to explore determinants of cost. Results: We interviewed 82 consecutive patients (mean age 60.8 years and 68% females) with median time since surgery of 28 days. More than half (52%) sought some support for physiotherapy. The median cost of rehabilitation was INR 18,395 (Interquartile-range 11,325–27,775). Direct medical cost contributed to 74% of total cost (32% fee for services, 21% medications and lab investigations, 21% assistive devices). Twenty percent higher costs were incurred among those undergoing bilateral knee surgery after adjusting for age, sex, income, and type of physiotherapy support sought. Challenges were related to recall of advices, not understanding the recovery process and pain management. Conclusion: About half patients undergoing knee arthroplasty seek support for rehabilitation after discharge to home contributing to a major portion of expenses incurred during rehabilitation. Cost-effective support mechanism for home-based rehabilitation is required for improving patient rehabilitation experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]