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The analysis of earthquake data related to low-magnitude events provides vital information on seismotectonics and the seismic processes that generate seismic sequences with strong events. Kashmir Valley in the northwest Himalaya experiences seismic shaking due to near-field and far-field earthquakes. A seismic network consisting of 12 broadband seismic stations was installed in the Kashmir Valley in 2019 to monitor the local seismic activity. Data recorded by this network is analysed continuously 24×7 at 10-sec intervals to monitor earthquake activity in and adjoining regions of the Kashmir Valley. The determined fault plane solutions using local seismic data and centroid moment tensor (CMT) data reveal thrust faulting in and around the Kashmir Valley. The waveform analysis of the acquired data shows the occurrence of seismic events both from local (432 events between 2019 and 2022) and distant/teleseismic sources. The study area is devoid of major earthquakes because most of the crustal motion is accommodated by the basal detachment or Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) beneath the surface. This results in the accumulation of significant stress within the Earth's crust in the southern region of the valley. However, a local tectonic element (Balapora Thrust) in association with Magam Fault has produced some seismic events of low magnitude. This suggests that Balapora Thrust and other minor fault (Magam Fault) are active in the Kashmir Valley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding of seismicity and seismotectonics of Delhi and adjoining areas is essential as these areas lie in the seismic zone IV and are geologically confined to the Delhi Fold Belt (DFB), juxtaposed to the Himalayan Frontal Thrust Fold Belt. Owing to the set-up, seismicity in this area is ascribed to the Himalayan Thrust System and activation of DFB Fault Systems. Considerably improved instrumental seismic monitoring in this area and data analysis had resolved three regions of pronounced seismicity that lie close to Sonepat, Rohtak and western part of the NCT Delhi, attributed to activation of various portions of the fault systems of the DFB. Based on seismic telemetry network data, the seismicity pattern analysis revealed that the Mahendragarh Dehradun Sub-Surface Fault (MDSSF) and Delhi Sargodha Ridge (DSR) are the two major zones of structural importance for the nucleation of seismicity in this region. These revelations were corroborated with the fault plane solution of the earthquakes. The dominant mechanism in nucleation of seismicity in DFB is the thrust with minor strike slip. The seismicity and seismotectonics of Delhi and adjoining areas endemic to activation of DFB is reviewed and presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seismically active Skagerrak region in the border area between Denmark and Norway has traditionally been associated with uncertain earthquake locations due to the limited station coverage in the region. A new seismic station in southern Norway and a recent update of the earthquake database of the Danish National Network have led to a much more complete and homogeneous data coverage of the Skagerrak area, giving the possibility of improved earthquake locations in the region. In this study, we relocate earthquakes in the Skagerrak area to obtain a more exact picture of the seismicity and investigate well-recorded events to determine the depth distribution. Hypocenter depths are found to be generally in the range 11-25 km. Furthermore, new composite focal mechanisms are determined for clusters of events with similar waveforms. Results indicate that the Skagerrak seismicity is associated with shallow, crustal faults oriented in the NS direction south of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone (STZ) as well as with the STZ itself. Mainly reverse faulting mechanisms along NE-SW oriented faults indicate maximum horizontal compression in the NW-SE direction. This is in agreement with World Stress Map generalizations, most likely associated with ridge push forces from the mid-Atlantic ridge, though modified probably by local crustal weaknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accelerograms of the 1999 Chamoli earthquake and nine of its aftershocks, which occurred in Uttaranchal Himalaya, have been analyzed to investigate their source parameters, the site amplification functions and the average effective shear-wave quality factor Qseff in the region. The fault plane solution of the main shock is obtained using the spectral amplitudes of SH waves (approximated by transverse components of accelerograms) of the high-energy packets observed in the accelerograms of the main shock. It is found to be comparable with the reported solutions in other studies. Similarly the other source parameters (viz., seismic moment = (5.03±1.7) × 1025 dyne-cm, stress drop = 65 bars, source duration = 5.2 s and moment magnitude = 6.4) estimated for the main shock are consistent with the values obtained in other studies. The stress drops estimated for the aftershocks vary from 23 bars to 153 bars and the seismic moment from 1.4 × 1023 dyne-cm to 2.9 × 1023 dyne-cm. The average estimated values of the effective shear-wave quality factor Qseff vary from 655±359 in the Uttaranchal sector of Himalaya and 1475±130 in the Delhi region. In general, the Qseff value increases with an increase in the epicentral distance reflecting the penetration of the waves into deeper layers of the crust as the epicentral distance of the observation point increases. These values of Qseff indicate that in general the curst is at low temperatures that will promote brittle behavior and conditions for episodic failure as compared to creep, under the accumulated strains from plate collision at the Himalaya plate boundary. The site amplification characteristics at sites have been identified from the frequency bands of significant amplification observed in the spectral ratios of the horizontal to the vertical component records. The decay of peak ground acceleration (PGA) values with distance has been investigated using the empirical regression curves vis-à-vis the site amplification factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 7 September 1999 at 11:56 GMT a destructive earthquake (Mw = 6.0) occurred close to Athens (Greece). The rupture process is examined using data from the Cornet local permanent network, as well as teleseismic recordings. Data recorded by a temporary seismological network were analyzed to study the aftershock sequence. The mainshock was relocated at 38.105°N, 23.565°E, about 20 km northwest of Athens. Four foreshocks were also relocated close to the mainshock. The modeling of teleseismic P and SH waves provides a well-constrained focal mechanism of the mainshock (strike = 105°, dip = 55° and rake = -80°) at a depth of 8 km and a seismic moment M0 = 1.01025 dyn·cm. The obtained fault plane solution represents normal faulting indicating an almost north-south extension. More than 3500 aftershocks were located, 1813 of which present RMS < 0.1 s and ERH, ERZ < 1.0 km. Two main clusters were distinguished, while the depth distribution is concentrated between 2 and 11 km. Over 1000 fault plane solutions of aftershocks were constrained, the majority of which also correspond to N–S extension. No surface breaks were observed but the fault plane solution of the mainshock is in agreement with the tectonics of the area and with the focal mechanisms obtained by aftershocks. The hypocenter of the mainshock is located on the deep western edge of the fault plane. The relocated epicenter coincides with the fringe that represents the highest deformation observed on the differential interferometric image. The calculated source duration is 5 sec, while the estimated dimensions of the fault are 15 km length and 10 km width. The source process is characterized by unilateral eastward rupture propagation, towards the city of Athens. An evident stop phase observed in the recordings of the Cornet local stations is interpreted as a barrier caused by the Aegaleo Mountain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]