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An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a system that monitors network traffic for malicious activity and generates alerts. In anomaly-based detection, machine learning (ML) algorithms exploit various statistical and probabilistic methods to learn from past or historical experience and detect valuable patterns from large, unstructured, and complex datasets. ML-based network intrusion detection aims to identify malicious behavior and alert a system administrator when an intruder tries to penetrate the network. This paper deals with the study, strategic construction, and implementation of a network intrusion detection model based on ML methods. Among the available IDS datasets, five of the most relevant are chosen for the experimental analysis, which are NSL-KDD-2009, CIC-IDS2017, CIC-IDS2018, IoTID20, and UNSW-NB15 datasets. In order to reduce the computation time in the training sample and achieve computational complexity O (N 2.38 ± δ) , we propose a computationally efficient and feasible algorithmic framework for analyzing the network traffic data. The developed approach mainly consists of two phases, i.e., "Scatter Matrices and Eigenvalue Computation based feature Selection" and "Classification procedure for the reduced dimension data." Experimental evaluation of various test case scenarios for the chosen datasets is carried out in the simulation setting. It is observed that the test results outperform the existing intrusion detection methods for detecting certain attack categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mauritius, the sterile insect technique (SIT) is being developed to manage the Peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Novel and economical larval diets are needed to produce millions of artificially reared sterile flies needed to ensure the success of this programme. We assessed the efficacy of conventional (solid) and gel diets with formulations containing modified waste brewery yeast (WBY), an alternative low cost protein source. The WBY is obtained freely from the manufacturing plant located at the Entomology Division of the Ministry of Agro Industry & Food Security, Réduit, Mauritius. Its chemical composition is highly comparable to those of the imported commercial yeast. Formulations of both diet types varied in the ratio of WBY (%) to commercial yeast (CY) (%) (Control: 0:100, A: 25:75, B: 30:70; C: 40:60; D: 50:50). The quality parameters of flies reared on the modified gel larval diets i.e. volume of pupae, pupal weight, pupal recovery, percentage adult emergence and percentage fliers were comparatively better on the gel diet formulations B, C and D, while no significant difference in percentage egg hatch was observed between the conventional diet and the gel diet. The optimum egg seeding rate (larval density) for selected gel diets B, C and D was determined. Formulation C using 0.15 ml of eggs/100 g of diet resulted in the highest pupal recovery, pupal weight, emergence and flight ability. A five-year cost benefit analysis revealed a net cost saving of 38% (US$ 53 418.20) by using the gel diet with WBY instead of the solid diet. The cost for the production for one million flies is US$ 310.67. Our results demonstrate that the selected gel diet formulation in which commercial yeast is partially replaced by waste brewery yeast is a viable alternative to the conventional solid diet for rearing of B. zonata. There are also the added benefits in terms of reduced cost with respect to storage and disposal, due to the elimination of bulking agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) after hemorrhage is potentiated by aortic occlusion or resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA). Given the central role of mitochondrial injury in shock, we hypothesized that Elamipretide, a peptide that protects mitochondria, would mitigate IRI after hemorrhagic shock and REBOA. Twelve pigs were subjected to hemorrhagic shock and 45 min of REBOA. After 25 min of REBOA, animals received either saline or Elamipretide. Animals were transfused with autologous blood during balloon deflation, and pigs were resuscitated with isotonic crystalloids and norepinephrine for 4.25 h. Elamipretide-treated animals required less crystalloids than the controls (62.5 [50–90] and 25 [5–30] mL/kg, respectively), but similar amounts of norepinephrine (24.7 [8.6–39.3] and 9.7 [2.1–12.5] mcg/kg, respectively). Treatment animals had a significant reduction in serum creatinine (control: 2.7 [2.6–2.8]; Elamipretide: 2.4 [2.4–2.5] mg/dL; p = 0.04), troponin (control: 3.20 [2.14–5.47] ng/mL, Elamipretide: 0.22 [0.1–1.91] ng/mL; p = 0.03), and interleukin-6 concentrations at the end of the study. There were no differences in final plasma lactate concentration. Elamipretide reduced fluid requirements and protected the kidney and heart after profound IRI. Further understanding the subcellular consequences of REBOA and mitochondrial rescue will open new therapeutic avenues for patients suffering from IRI after hemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of first-time parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism using intraoperative PTH (IOPTH) assay in the light of the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for the management of primary hyperparathyroidism. Method: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of a prospectively maintained database of endocrine surgery in a tertiary centre. Preoperative radiological localisation (concordance and accuracy), intraoperative PTH parameters and adjusted serum calcium at minimum 6-month follow-up were analysed. The accuracy of IOPTH to predict post-operative normocalcaemia and the number needed to treat (NNT) within the cohort when IOPTH was utilised were determined. Differences between groups were evaluated with Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact test. Results: Between January 2004 and September 2018, 849 patients (75.4% women), median age 64 years (IQR 54–72), were analysed. The median preoperative adjusted serum calcium was 2.80mmol/l (IQR 2.78–2.90), and the median preoperative PTH was 14.20pmol/l (IQR 10.70–20.25). The overall first-time cure (normocalcaemia) rate was 96.4%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of IOPTH were 96.8%, 83.2%, 97.6% and 78.8%, respectively, with an accuracy of 95.1%. For patients with concordant scans (48.3%), a targeted approach without IOPTH would have achieved a cure rate of 94.1% compared with 98.0% using IOPTH (p<0.01) Conclusion: The use of IOPTH assay significantly improved the rate of normocalcaemia at 6 months. The low NNT to benefit from IOPTH, particularly those patients with a single positive scan, and the inevitable reduction in the potential costs incurred from failure and reoperation justify its utilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sclerotium rolfsii is one of the most challenging pathogens among fungal phytopathogens. Botanicals and biopesticides projected as alternatives to the synthetic fungicides also don't serve the purpose for S. rolfsii control pertaining to its vast host range and high adaptability. Present project therefore, focused on the preparation of Silver nanoemulsion (AgNE) having optimum stability and bestowed with significant antifungal properties and growth promoting abilities for the mungbean plants. The influence of different AgNE concentrations on growth pattern of S. rolfsii was tested under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Surprisingly, 100 ppm of AgNE could culminate the fungal progression completely by inhibiting both hyphal as well as sclerotial growth in plate and broth assays. Results of in planta application of AgNE at100 ppm on mungbean plants also coincided with the in vitro findings in terms of controlling the pathogen progression; however the internalization of Ag ions was observed in root, stem and leaves. Toxicity indications were apparent in the form of stunted and broadened root growth at 100 ppm AgNE concentration, but the above ground plant parts appeared perfectly normal. In inference, 50 ppm AgNE was found to be the most significant and safe concentration in relation to the phytopathogen control and plant growth promotion. These results revealed the evolving role of AgNE as a promising nanofungicide and nanofertilizer to accelerate overall mungbean productivity. Awaiting complications lies in the stability improvement of AgNE, scaled up production, phytotoxicity studies and their possible applications in several crops and multilocational field trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient protocol has been reported for the synthesis of a series of novel disperse dyes based on 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one derivatives via a simple one-pot multicomponent reaction between the natural naphthoquinone 2-hydroxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione (Lawsone), urea, and various aromatic aldehydes. The target compounds were isolated in up to 98% yield and were characterized by various spectral techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, CO2 exchange over sugarcane and wheat growing season was quantified by continuous measurement of CO2 fluxes using eddy covariance (EC) system from January 2014 to June 2015. We also elaborated on the response of CO2 fluxes to environmental variables. The results show that the ecosystem has seasonal and diurnal dynamics of CO2 with a distinctive U-shaped curve in both growing seasons with maximal CO2 absorption reaching up to −8.94 g C m−2 day−1 and −6.08 g C m−2 day−1 over sugarcane and wheat crop, respectively. The ecosystem as a whole acted as a carbon sink during the active growing season while it exhibits a carbon source prior to sowing and post-harvesting of crops. The cumulative net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross primary productivity (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Reco) were −923.04, 3316.65, and 2433.18 g C m−2 over the sugarcane growing season while the values were −192.30, 621.47, and 488.34 g C m−2 over the wheat growing season. The sesbania (green manure) appeared to be a carbon source once it is incorporated into soil. The response of day-time NEE to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) under two vapor pressure deficit (VPD) sections (0–20 h Pa and 20–40 h Pa) seems more effective over sugarcane (R2 = 0.41–0.61) as compared to the wheat crop (R2 = 0.25–0.40). A decrease in net CO2 uptake was observed under higher VPD conditions. Similarly, night-time NEE was exponentially related to temperature at different soil moisture conditions and showed higher response to optimum soil moisture conditions for sugarcane (R2 = 0.87, 0.33 ≤ SWC < 0.42 m3 m−3) and wheat (R2 = 0.75, 0.31 ≤ SWC < 0.37 m3 m−3) crop seasons. The response of daily averaged NEE to environmental variables through path analysis indicates that PAR was the dominant predictor with the direct path coefficient of −0.65 and −0.74 over sugarcane and wheat growing season, respectively. Satellite-based GPP products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (GPPMOD) and Vegetation Photosynthetic model (GPPVPM) were also compared with the GPP obtained from EC (GPPEC) technique. The seasonal dynamics of GPPEC and GPPVPM agreed well with each other. This study covers the broad aspects ranging from micro-meteorology to remote sensing over C4-C3 cropping system [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: PET/CT is now integral to the staging pathway for potentially curable esophageal cancer (EC), primarily to identify distant metastases undetected by computed tomography. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of PET/CT introduction on survival and assess patterns of recurrence after esophagectomy. Methods: A longitudinal cohort of EC patients staged between 1998 and 2016 were considered for inclusion. After co-variate adjustment using propensity scoring, a cohort of 496 patients (273 pre-PET/CT and 223 post-PET/CT) who underwent esophagectomy [median age 63 years (31–80), 395 males, 425 adenocarcinomas, 71 squamous cell carcinomas, 325 neoadjuvant therapy] were included. The primary outcome measure was overall survival (OS) based on intention to treat. Results: Three-year OS pre-PET/CT was 42.5% compared with 57.8% post-PET/CT (Chi2 6.571, df 1, p = 0.004). On multivariable analysis, pT stage (HR 1.496 [95% CI 1.28–1.75], p < 0.0001), pN stage (HR 1.114 [95% CI 1.04–1.19], p = 0.001) and PET/CT staging (HR 0.688 [95% CI 0.53–0.89] p = 0.004) were independently associated with OS. Recurrent cancer was observed in 125 patients (51.4%) pre-PET/CT, compared with 74 patients post-PET/CT (37.8%, p = 0.004), and was less likely to be distant recurrence after PET/CT introduction (39.5 vs. 27.0%, p = 0.006). Conclusions: Enhanced PET/CT staging is an important modality and independent factor associated with improved survival in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Khat products and chewing practices are common in East Africa, Middle East for centuries with concomitant socio-economic and public health repercussions. We assessed memory deficits associated with khat use in rodents. Young male CBA mice, 5-7 weeks old ( n = 20), weighing 25-35 g were used. Mice were treated with either 40, 120 or 360 mg/kg body weight (bw) methanolic khat extract, or 0.5 ml saline for 10 days. Spatial acquisition, reversal and reference memory were assessed using modified Morris Water maze (MMWM). Mice treated with 40 mg/kg khat extract had longer (t = 4.12 p = 0.015) and t = 2.28 p = 0.065) escape latency on first and second day during reversal relative to the baseline. Under 120 mg/kg khat dose, the escape latency was shorter (t = −2.49 p = 0.05) vs (t = −2.5 p = 0.05) on third and fourth day. Further, treatment with 360 mg/kg khat extract resulted in significantly longer time (49.13, 33.5, 40.2 and 35.75) vs. (23.5 s), compared to baseline. Mice treated with khat or control preferred the target quadrant post acquisition while differential pattern was seen during reversal phase. Mice treated with 40 or 120 mg/kg khat showed significant preference for target quadrant. Substantial time (19.9) was spent in the old target compared to the new (16.9 s) by animals treated with highest dose however, the difference was not significant. There is a biological plausibility that chronic khat use may induce memory deficits and impair cognitive flexibility. The differential patterns of memory deficits may reflect the differences in dose effect as well as time dependent impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES), caused by mutations in Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is associated with defective STAT3 signaling and Th17 differentiation and recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. Most patients suffer significant morbidity and premature mortality. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been reported in a small number of cases, with mixed outcomes. We report successful haploidentical donor HSCT in a patient with AD-HIES. Methods: Evaluation of lymphocyte subsets, STAT3 signaling, and Th17 cells was performed pre- and post-HSCT. Results: A 14-year old female with AD-HIES developed recurrent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) abscesses. Immunologic analysis showed elevated IgE (4331 kU/L), absent Th17 cells, and markedly decreased STAT3 phosphorylation in cytokine stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. She had breakthrough abscesses despite clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis, and developed steroid refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia. She underwent T-cell depleted haploidentical HSCT from her father following reduced intensity conditioning. She developed one MRSA hand abscess after transplant. Twenty-four months post transplant, she had complete donor chimerism (>95 % donor), normal absolute T cell numbers, and a normal percentage of Th17 cells. IgE was normal at 25 kU/L. She remains well 42 months after transplantation off all antibacterial prophylaxis. Conclusions: Haploidentical HSCT led to successful bone marrow engraftment, normalization of STAT3 signaling in hematopoietic cells, normalization of IgE, and restoration of immune function in this patient with AD-HIES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine the views of current dental clinical academic trainees regarding their current posts.Design Online questionnaire emailed to 51 dental academic trainees. Survey results were collected over a six-week period. Eighteen closed statement questions were included using a five-point scale from 'strongly agree' to 'strongly disagree'. All questions had a section for open text comments.Results The response rate for the survey was 73%. A total of 38% were male and 62% female. Just under half of the sample (43%) had a higher teaching qualification. The majority of trainees were from oral surgery (22%), closely followed by restorative and dental public health (both 14%). The main reason trainees stated for choosing an academic post was to be involved in research (68%). The majority of dental clinical academic trainees would recommend a career in academia.Conclusion The majority of dentistry's academic trainees (73%) would recommend an academic career to their peers, a positive change in the culture of modern clinical academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Femoral intramedullary nailing is traditionally performed with the patient supine on a fracture table. We aimed to describe a case series of femoral intramedullary nailing for fracture in the lateral position, with discussion of the operative technique. Methods: A retrospective analysis identified 52 patients who underwent femoral intramedullary nailing performed in a lateral position without traction over a 5-year period at a single level 1 trauma center. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, blood loss including need for transfusion, operative duration, complications, length of stay, fracture union, re-operation and death. Results: There were 24 subtrochanteric, 16 peri-trochanteric and 12 diaphyseal femoral fractures. Mean operative time was 136.2 ± 101.4 min with a mean estimated blood loss of 372.5 ± 349.6 ml. Seventeen patients required blood transfusion. Mean length of stay was 10.3 ± 8.1 days. There were 3 (5.8%) surgical (compartment syndrome, infection and retained drain) and 12 (23.1%) medical complications, with a 30-day mortality rate of 3.8% (2). Mean follow-up was 9.9 ± 8.7 months. The union rate was 94.2% (49) and 3.8% (2) patients required revision fixation (hardware exchange for irritation and exchange nailing for non-union). Discharge destination was home, rehabilitation center and specialized nursing facility in 21 (40.4%), 16 (30.8%) and 15 (28.8%) patients, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: Femoral intramedullary nailing in the lateral decubitus position is a useful technique of managing peri-trochanteric, subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures. We describe a known technique with technical tips, which has distinct advantages over traditional supine positioning especially in certain patient and fracture types. In addition, operative times, blood loss, length of stay, revision and outcomes were comparable to the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three accurate, sensitive and reproducible methods are described for the quantitative determination of alprazolam ( ALP) and propranolol hydrochloride ( PNL) in their combined dosage form. The first method involves an RP-HPLC separation on the C column using acetonitrile-25 mM ammonium acetate buffer and 0.2% triethylamine (pH of buffer adjusted to 4 with glacial acetic acid) in the ratio of 35: 65 (v/v) as mobile phase. Symmetrical peaks with good separation, ALP at 9.3 min and PNL at 3.5 min, were achieved. Quantification was done with photo diode array detection at 255 nm over the concentration ranges of 0.5-50 and 10-250 μg/mL for ALP and PNL, respectively. The second method is based on the separation of drugs by HPTLC using chloroform-methanol-ammonia 7: 0.8: 0.1 (v/v/v) as mobile phase. Quantification was achieved using UV detection at 248 nm over the concentration range of 100-600 ng/spot and 5-30 μg/spot for ALP and PNL, respectively. The third method involves dual wavelength UV-visible spectrophotometric method. It is based on the determination of PNL at 319.4 nm using its absorptivity value and ALP at 258.2 nm after deduction of absorbance due to PNL. Quantification was achieved over the concentration range of 1-40 and 80-200 μg/mL for ALP and PNL, respectively. All methods were validated according to ICH guidelines and successively applied to marketed pharmaceutical formulation, and the results of all three methods were compared statistically as well. No interference from the tablet excipients was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open simple prostatectomy (OSP) is an effective treatment for patients with symptomatic BPH and larger volume prostates; however, it is associated with substantial risks of bleeding, transfusion and prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS). Robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP) potentially offers improved perioperative outcomes for these patients. We systematically reviewed published data on RASP outcomes and analyzed our experience at the University of California San Diego (UCSD). We identified eight published studies, all non-comparative case series (Level 3 evidence), reporting a total of 109 RASP cases from 2008 to 2012. Indications included acute urinary retention (n=48), persistent obstructive symptoms (n=51), failure of medical management (n=9) and recurrent urinary tract infections (n=2). The mean ages ranged from 65 to 77 years. More than 75% of the studies reported a mean LOS <3 days and a transfusion prevalence of 0%. The mean resected prostate weights ranged from 51 to 301 g. For UCSD, indications for surgery included urinary retention (n=11) and failure of medical management (n=5). The mean age was 68 years, transfusion prevalence 0%, mean resected prostate weight 94 g and mean LOS 1 day. All nine series observed substantial postoperative improvements in urinary symptoms and retention. These data suggest that RASP is a safe and efficacious treatment for BPH in select patients with larger prostates. Although LOS and transfusion prevalence for RASP are markedly lower than the published OSP series, comparative studies are needed to verify these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inhibitive effect of 2-aminoquinoline-6-carboxylic acid (AQC) against mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solutions was investigated using conventional weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods. The weight loss results showed that AQC is an excellent corrosion inhibitor since its efficiency increased with the concentration to attain 91.8 % at 500 mg l. Electrochemical polarization measurements revealed that AQC acted as a mixed-type inhibitor and the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have shown that the change in the impedance parameters, charge transfer resistance and double layer capacitance, with the change in concentration of the inhibitor is due to the adsorption of the molecule leading to the formation of a protective layer on the surface of mild steel. The adsorption was assumed to occur on the steel surface through the active centers of the molecule. The inhibition action of AQC was discussed in view of Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Density functional theory calculations of quantum parameters were used to explain efficiency in relation with molecular structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic studies of Co-Mo-B-P alloy catalysts, synthesized by chemical reduction methods, were conducted for H generation by hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB). The molar concentrations of Mo and P were optimized in the alloy to obtain the best catalytic activity. The combined promoting effects induced by Mo and P in the quaternary alloy caused the H generation rate to increase by ~7.5 times as compared to the undoped-Co-B catalyst. XPS, XRD, SEM, and BET surface area analyses were carried out to understand the promoting role of each dopant element during AB hydrolysis. In the Co-Mo-B-P alloy catalyst, Mo in form of oxides acts as an atomic barrier to avoid Co-B particles agglomeration to preserve the effective surface area. These oxidized species also act as Lewis acid sites to enhance the absorption of reactant to further assist the hydrolysis reaction over alloy catalysts. The role of P in the alloy catalyst is to create a higher number of Co active sites on the catalyst surface as confirmed by XPS. These combined promoting effects provided by P and Mo doping in the Co-B catalyst reduce the activation energy to the lowest value (23 kJ/mol) in the hydrolysis of AB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion inhibition effect of two quinoline derivatives, viz, 2-chloro quinoline 3-carbaldehyde (CQC) and (2-chloro-quinoline-3ylmethyl)- p-tolyl-amine (CQA) have been investigated against mild steel (MS) in 1N HCl solution using conventional weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The losses in weights of MS samples have proved that both CQC and CQA are efficient inhibitors of corrosion. The mixed mode of inhibition was confirmed by electrochemical polarizations. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have showed changes in the impedance parameters like charge transfer resistance and double-layer capacitance that confirmed strong adsorption of inhibitors on the MS surface. The inhibition action of these compounds was assumed to occur via adsorption on the steel surface through the active centres contained in the molecules. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations have been performed at B3LYP/6-31G( d, p) level to complement the experimental evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some novel derivatives of quinazolinone including 2-[2-(2, 6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenylmethyl-3-{4-[2-(substituted phenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]phenylsulfonamido-1-yl}-6-bromoquinazolin-4(3 H)ones ( 4a - 4l) were prepared from 2-[2-(2, 6-dichlorophenyl) amino]phenylmethyl-3-{[4-( N-substituted arylidene)phenyl]-sulfonamide-1-yl}-6-bromo quinazolin-4(3 H)ones ( 3a - 3l). Twenty four synthesized compounds were screened in vitro for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of all the twenty four compounds were determined. Some of these compounds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2-(p-Acetylaminobenzenesulfonylamido)-substituted benzothiazoles were prepared from 2-amino-substituted benzothiazoles and p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride using a mixture of pyridine and Ac2O, which formed an electrophilic N-acetyl- pyridinium complex facilitating condensation to give the desired products by removal of HCl. 2-[4-(Substituted benzothiazol-2-yl)aminosulfonylanilino]pyridine-3-carboxylic acids (synthesized from 2-chloropyridine-3-carboxylic acid and the corresponding substituted 2-(p-aminobenzenesulfonylamido)benzothiazole in 2-ethoxyethanol using Cu-powder and K2CO3) were then converted to acid chlorides, which on further reaction with piperazine and 4-methoxyphenylpiperazine yielded the corresponding 2-[4-(substituted benzothiazol-2-yl)amino-sulfonyl]anilino-3-(piperazinocarbonyl) pyridine and 2-[4-(substituted benzothiazol-2-yl)amino-sulfonyl]anilino-3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl-carbonyl]pyridine. The structures of the new compounds have been established on the basis of their elemental analyses as well as IR, 1H NMR, and mass-spectral data. All the compounds have been screened for antimicrobial activity and found to possess considerable antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compounds VIa – j have been prepared from the lead molecule 7-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid I. The lead molecule was converted to hydrazide III via acid chloride II, which on reaction with different substituted aromatic aldehydes a – j afforded Schiff base, and on further structural variation of the Schiff base furnished the final compounds VIa – j ( Scheme I). The synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity (MIC) in vitro against two Gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus and S. pyogenes, and two Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and P. aeruginosa, and fungi C. albicans, A. niger, and A. clavatus, taking gentamycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, nystatin, and griseofulvin as standard drugs. All the synthesized compounds have been established by elemental analysis amd IR and NMR spectral data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a major public health problem with ∼1 million victims each year worldwide. Up to 90% of adults who commit suicide have at least one psychiatric diagnosis such as major depression, bipolar disorder (BPD), schizophrenia (SZ), substance abuse or dependence. A question that has remained unanswered is whether the biological substrates of suicide are distinct from those of the psychiatric disorders in which it occurs. The serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) has been implicated in depression and suicide. We, therefore, compared the frequencies of its mRNA editing variants in postmortem prefrontal cortical specimens from subjects who committed suicide or who died from other causes. All suicides occurred in the context of either SZ or BPD. The non-suicide cases included subjects with either SZ or BPD as well as subjects with no psychiatric diagnosis. We identified 5-HT2CR mRNA editing variations that were associated with suicide but not with the comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, and were not influenced by demographic characteristics (age and sex) and alcohol or drug use. These variations consisted of a significant increase in the pool of mRNA variants (ACD and ABCD) that encode one of the most prevalent and highly edited isoforms of 5-HT2CR, that is, VSV (Val156–Ser158–Val160). Because the VSV isoform of 5-HT2CR exhibits low functional activity, an increase in its expression frequency may significantly influence the serotonergic regulation of the brain. Thus, at least in patients with SZ or BPD, overexpression of the VSV isoform in the prefrontal cortex may represent an additional risk factor for suicidal behavior.Molecular Psychiatry (2008) 13, 1001–1010; doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002081; published online 11 September 2007 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AimAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common macular disease in the developed world and recent studies have shown that specific genes may be associated with it and may contribute to a higher risk of developing AMD.ObjectiveOur objective was to review systematically recent publications related to the genetics of AMD and provide relevant information that would help both scientists and clinicians in advising patients.MethodA systematic search was performed on PubMed, Medline, and National Library of Medicine as well as ARVO abstracts using key words relevant to the genetic associations of AMD.ResultsThe most important genetic associations in AMD involved the complement factor H (CFH) gene, which showed that possession of the variant Y402H polymorphism significantly increases the risk for AMD. Protective genes have also been identified such as those on either factor B (BFor complement factor B (CFB)) or complement component 2 (C2) genes. The genes involved in inherited macular dystrophies such as ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A (ABC1), member 4 (ABCA4), vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD2), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3), and EFEMP1have yielded some important information but further confirmatory work has yet to establish a clear association with AMD.ConclusionPatients with AMD possess specific genetic variants of the CFHgene, which put them at a higher risk of developing the disease. Other unaffected individuals may possess certain protective genetic variants, which could prevent them from developing AMD. Further research will no doubt shed light on other such mechanisms and these will be useful in identifying possible direct targets for drugs or indirectly through modulation of the genes responsible for disease presentation.Eye (2008) 22, 768–776; doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702844; published online 11 May 2007 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic haemodynamics in three infants with severe cardiac failure secondary to vein of Galen malformation (VGAM) were studied using two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. In all cases, ventricular outputs were over two times normal and superior vena caval flows up to 10 times normal reflecting high flow through the low-resistance fistula. Severe pulmonary hypertension, right heart dilatation and retrograde flow in the descending aorta were uniformly present. Systemic blood flow below the head and neck was reduced resulting in metabolic acidosis at presentation. Two infants had patent arterial ducts, in which flow was entirely right to left and on entering the aorta passed predominantly retrogradely towards the VGAM. These findings provide a basis for understanding the pathophysiology of cardiac failure in VGAM and support treatment with pulmonary and systemic vasodilating agents.Journal of Perinatology (2007) 27, 460–463; doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7211752 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factors influencing the use of chemotherapy for the initial (6 months) treatment of lung cancer in South East England were investigated. The variables explored as possibly influencing the use of chemotherapy were sex, age, the year of diagnosis, the type of lung cancer, the stage, the index of multiple deprivation and the cancer network of residence. Chi2 analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of each of the variables on the use of chemotherapy. The results showed a highly significant trend in use of chemotherapy over time; the adjusted proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy increasing from 13.6% in 1994 to 29.3% in 2003. However, age, cancer network and type of lung cancer had the strongest influence on the use of chemotherapy. This finding is important when we consider that the NHS Cancer Plan aims at improving inequalities in cancer care in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed-ligand complexes of the type [M(SB)2acphen], where M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II), HSB = 3,5-dibromosalicylideneaniline, and acphen = bis(acetophenone)ethylenediamine, have been prepared and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, magnetic measurements, thermogravimetry, and infrared and electronic absorption spectroscopy. All the mixed-ligand complexes exhibit an octahedral geometry. The mixed-ligand complexes show antimicrobial activities against bacteria, yeast, and fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review some of the recent water maser proper motion measurements in star-forming regions performed through VLBI multi-epoch observations. These observations are starting to reveal exciting perspectives, providing the full kinematics of the gas within the outflows/circumstellar disks around YSOs at scales of AUs, discovering new phenomena (e.g., isotropic mass ejections, water maser “micro-structures” exhibiting remarkable coherent and well ordered spatio-kinematical behavior at AU scale), and opening new, puzzling questions related to the early stellar evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with disorders of plasma lipid transport in many, but not in all obese subjects. The effects of obesity on the regulation of genes involved in plasma lipid transport may depend on specific mutations causing or contributing to obesity and/or on interactions of a specific obesity mutation with the genetic background. The 'fatty' (Glu269Pro) leptin receptor mutation causes severe obesity associated with hypertriglyceridaemia and altered hepatic apolipoprotein gene regulation in Zucker fatty rats. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the effects of the obesity mutation 'fatty' on apolipoprotein gene regulation in rat liver depend on the genetic background. METHODS: We studied hepatic apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV, A-I, and C-III gene expression in obese rats carrying the 'fatty' mutation on the background of the Zucker or Wistar strain. RESULTS: Basal apoA-IV gene expression was increased in fatty rats of both strains, whereas apoA-I and apoC-III gene expression differed between Wistar and Zucker fatty rats: apoA-I gene transcription was reduced to half and apoC-III mRNA was increased two-fold in Wistar fatty, but not in Zucker fatty rats vs lean controls. A fish oil diet suppressed apoA-IV, but not apoA-I gene transcription in Wistar fatty rats, whereas in Zucker fatty rats apoA-IV transcription was unaffected, but apoA-I transcription was suppressed. CONCLUSIONS: Interactions of the 'fatty' leptin receptor mutation with the genetic background significantly affect the basal and diet-induced regulation of the apoA-IV, C-III and A-I genes in rat liver. The genetic background may therefore be a major determinant of the consequences of a specific obesity mutation for plasma lipid transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effects of water stress on rice yield over Punjab and Haryana across North India by integrating Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) and Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) models. Indian Remote Sensing Satellite datasets were used to define land use/land cover in WRF. The accuracy of simulated rainfall and temperature over Punjab and Haryana was evaluated against Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and automated weather station data of Indian Space Research Organization, respectively. Data from WRF was used as weather input to DSSAT to simulate rice yield in Punjab and Haryana for 2009 and 2014. After simulated yield has been evaluated against district-level observed yield, the water balance components within the DSSAT model were used to analyze the impact of water stress on rice yield. The correlation (R2) between the crop water stress factor and the rice yield anomaly at the vegetative and reproductive stage was 0.64 and 0.52 for Haryana and 0.73 and 0.68 for Punjab, respectively. Severe water stress during the flowering to maturity stage inflicted devastating effects on yield. The study concludes that the regional climate simulations can be potentially used for early water stress prediction and its impact on rice yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rectourethral fistula (RUF) is a relatively rare complication of radical prostatectomy, but is extremely difficult to treat. Multiple surgical approaches have been described for definitive treatment, but to date none of them have been determined to be the gold standard, either due to a high recurrence rate of the condition or due to the morbidity associated with the procedure. In this case report, we describe a successful repair of iatrogenic RUF through a multidisciplinary approach consisting of cystoscopy, urethral stent placement, colonoscopy, and TEM-assisted rectal advancement flap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A term infant developed stridor, hoarse cry and respiratory distress after forceps-assisted delivery. Oral feeding resulted in aspiration. Flexible laryngoscopy showed a right-sided vocal cord paralysis (VCP). A magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the brain revealed an ovoid lesion in the posterior fossa impinging on the brainstem, which was considered to represent a subdural haematoma. Clinical signs of vocal cord palsy and the associated MRI changes resolved spontaneously by 6 weeks of age. Vocal cord palsy is a common cause of stridor in newborn infants, although in many cases it is considered idiopathic. This is the first report of vocal cord palsy associated with subdural haemorrhage after instrumental delivery, and may represent an important and previously unappreciated cause of VCP. This case highlights the importance of magnetic resonance brain imaging in those infants with VCP in whom the aetiology is uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel terpyridine derivatives of benzothiazole were synthesised by simple multicomponent one-pot reaction of benzothiazole-2-carbaldehyde, ammonium hydroxide, and isomeric acetyl pyridines with isolated yields of 92–98%. All the prepared derivatives were characterized by NMR, IR, and high-resolution mass spectra. A copper(II) complex was prepared selectively from the terpyridine derivative obtained from 2-acetyl-pyridine and was characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. UV-visible spectra were recorded for all the synthesized compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the preparation of silicon carbide nanofibers by use of polymer blend technique. Kinds of polycarbosilanes used as a precursor for the silicon carbide fibers; Description of the surface morphology of as spun fiber, stabilized fiber and carbonized fiber; Thermo gravimetric analysis under a nitrogen atmosphere weight loss of the fibers.

A series of novel terpyridine derivatives of benzofuran (NP1–NP3) were synthesised by simple multicomponent one pot reaction among benzofuran-2-carbaldehyde, ammonium hydroxide and three different derivatives of acetyl pyridine with isolated yield up to 98%. All the synthesised molecules were characterised by NMR, HRMS, IR spectroscopies and single crystal XRD (CIF file CCDC no. 2078532 for TP1). Cu(II) complexes were prepared selectively with terpyridine derivative of 2-acetyl pyridine and characterised by single crystal XRD (CIF file CCDC no. 1525025 for TP-Cu). UV−Vis spectral studies were performed with all the prepared molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which reported observations at a very high angular resolution of the proper motions of an arc of water-vapor masers near a star in Cepheus. Demonstration of the phenomenon of bipolar molecular outflow in the star-forming region of Cepheus A; Considerations in detecting the proper motions of masers.

Objectives: To determine the effect of viewing conditions upon diagnosis of early periapical inflammatory pathosis on intra-oral radiographs, and to examine the effect of observer experience upon diagnostic performance in this task.Methods: 50 observers examined 18 periapical radiographs using three different viewing conditions (room lighting; viewing box; viewing box with x2 magnification and masking). Their diagnoses were compared with an 'expert' diagnosis provided by repeated viewings of the films by two dental radiologists. Sensitivities and specificities were determined.Results: When 'ideal' viewing conditions were used, optimal sensitivity (78%) and specificity (78%) were obtained. Use of a viewing box was associated with significantly higher specificity than the use of room lighting (P = 0.0016). Use of masking and x2 magnification was associated with significantly higher sensitivity than a viewing box alone (P = 0.004). There were few significant differences in diagnostic performance between observers, but qualified dental staff had significantly higher specificities than 4th year (P = 0.01) and 5th year (P = 0.01) students when a viewing box was used alone.Conclusions: This study on early periapical inflammatory pathosis gives support to guidelines which recommend the use of a viewing box, x2 magnification and masking for interpreting intra-oral radiographs. It also suggests that observer experience may influence interpretation of early periapical pathosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Femoral head fractures with associated acetabular fractures are uncommon injuries usually resulting from high-energy mechanisms such as motor vehicle collisions. Outcomes of Pipkin type IV fractures have been historically poor, with high rates of osteonecrosis, post-traumatic arthritis, and heterotopic ossification. The objective of this study was to define the outcomes of operatively treated Pipkin type IV fractures In addition, we reviewed the available literature of this uncommon injury pattern. Methods: A retrospective chart review at a single level 1 trauma center from 2007 to 2016 identified 10 patients with Pipkin IV femoral head fractures. Demographic information, fracture type, associated injuries, operative details, and complications were evaluated. Clinical and radiological outcomes were assessed at latest follow-up including conversion to total hip arthroplasty. Results: Six of the seven patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation of the femoral head fracture and acetabular fracture through a Kocher–Langenbeck approach aided by a trochanteric flip and one had fragment excision. Six patients (87.5%) developed post-traumatic arthritis. Four (57.1%) later underwent conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) a mean of 20.5 months after index procedure. Conclusion: Our study shows a rate of osteonecrosis and osteoarthritis that is even higher than the previously reported studies. The former may relate to longer-term follow-up and the latter possibly due to associated comminuted posterior wall fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (RIXS) experiments on the iron-based ladder BaFe2Se3 unveiled an unexpected two-peak structure associated with local orbital (dd) excitations in a block-type antiferromagnetic phase. A mixed character between correlated band-like and localized excitations was also reported. Here, we use the density matrix renormalization group method to calculate the momentum-resolved charge- and orbital-dynamical response functions of a multi-orbital Hubbard chain. Remarkably, our results qualitatively resemble the BaFe2Se3 RIXS data, while also capturing the presence of long-range magnetic order as found in neutron scattering, only when the model is in an exotic orbital-selective Mott phase (OSMP). In the calculations, the experimentally observed zero-momentum transfer RIXS peaks correspond to excitations between itinerant and Mott insulating orbitals. We provide experimentally testable predictions for the momentum-resolved charge and orbital dynamical structures, which can provide further insight into the OSMP regime of BaFe2Se3. BaFe2Se3 is a ladder-compound that exhibits superconductivity under pressure. Using a density matrix renormalization group calculation to compare results with resonant inelastic X-ray scattering measurements, the authors conclude that this material is realized in an orbital-selective Mott phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: As part of the wide adoption of minimally invasive surgery, intracorporeal anastomosis is becoming increasingly common. The benefits of minimally invasive versus open right colectomy are well known although the additional benefits of an intracorporeal anastomosis, performed laparoscopically or robotically, are unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the current literature comparing intracorporeal and extracorporeal anastomosis in the setting of laparoscopic and robotic-assisted right colectomy. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA and AMSTAR methods. Studies included were randomized controlled trials and prospective or retrospective cohort studies, between January 1 2010 and July 1 2021, comparing intracorporeal and extracorporeal anastomosis with laparoscopic and robotic approaches. Four groups were identified: laparoscopic extracorporeal anastomosis (L-ECA), laparoscopic intracorporeal anastomosis (L-ICA), robotic extracorporeal anastomosis (R-ECA), and robotic intracorporeal anastomosis (R-ICA). Operative time, rate of conversion to an open procedure, surgical site infection, reoperation within 30 days, postoperative complications within 30 days, and length of hospital stay were assessed. Results: Twenty-one retrospective cohort studies were included in the final analysis. R-ICA and R-ECA had comparable operative times, but a robotic approach required more time than laparoscopic (68 min longer, p < 0.00001). Conversion to open surgery was 55% less likely in the R-ICA group vs. L-ICA, and up to 94% less likely in the R-ICA group in comparison to the R-ECA group. Length of hospital stay was shorter for R-ICA by a half day vs. R-ECA, and up to 1 day less vs. L-ECA. There were no differences in postoperative complications, reoperations, or surgical site infections, regardless of approach. However, the included studies all had high risks of bias due to confounding variables and patient selection. Conclusion: Robotic-assisted right colectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis was associated with shorter length of hospitalization and decreased rate of conversion to open surgery, compared to either laparoscopic or extracorporeal robotic approaches. Prospective studies are needed to better understand the true impact of robotic approach and intracorporeal anastomosis in right colectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The optimum management of dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT) in patients undergoing dentoalveolar surgery is controversial. The lack of guidelines has meant clinicians have been left to manage these cases from specialist advice or past experience. In view of this the British Association of Oral Surgeons (BAOS) membership was surveyed to assess current practice.Design An electronic survey consisting of nine closed multiple-choice questions was circulated to all 435 registered BAOS members. A section for open comments was also included. The data was transcribed, organised and reduced to themes by hand and finally analysed.Results One hundred and eighty members completed the questionnaire giving a response rate of 41%. Ninety-two percent of clinicians had direct involvement in managing patients on DAPT and of these 80% had not encountered a bleeding complication. DAPT was continued for simple dental extraction under local anaesthetic by 83% of respondents and 73% for surgical extractions. Two thirds of the respondents did not follow any guidelines but for those that did the most common was the UK Medicines Information protocols. Only 10% of respondents reported a significant post-operative bleeding complication following surgery in patients on DAPT.Conclusion This survey confirmed the continued variable management of patients on DAPT undergoing dentoalveolar surgery. Reported bleeding rates were low with over 75% of patients not having their DAPT treatment interrupted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to a positioning adult (PA) mandible radiograph of a patient with a fracture in the right condylar head.

The article reviews the book "Oral Implantology Surgical Procedures Checklist," by L. Al-Faraje.

A letter to the editor is presented which discusses a case study of a 42-year-old Caucasian woman with recurrent pericoronitis associated with her affected lower left third molar.

A chart depicting the changes in drug treatment as percentage changes in levodopa equivalents is presented.

Two new copper(II) complexes [Cu(L1)2(NO3)]NO31 and [Cu(L2)(H2O)2](NO3)22(L1 = 2(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole and L2 = 2-benzoylpyridine) have been prepared and characterized by elemental and spectral (UV–visible, FTIR and epr) techniques. Crystal structures of these complexes were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The low value of magnetic moments 1.75 BM for 1 and 1.73 BM for 2 and unusual X-band epr spectral pattern authenticate the antiferromagnetic behavior of complexes. The single crystal X-ray analysis reveals the development of supramolecular architectures through various non-covalent weak interactions such as CH ⋯ π and lp ⋯ π interactions. In order to see the stability of complexes, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out. From the energy gap (ΔE) of frontier molecular orbitals (various molecular descriptors were also evaluated. In addition, superoxide dismutase SOD) activities of both complexes were also determined. The enhanced SOD activity of 1 is due to loosely bound nitrate ion. Two new copper(II) complexes [Cu(L1)2(NO3)]NO3 and [Cu(L2)(H2O)2](NO3)2 (L1= 2(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole and L2= 2-benzoylpyridine) have been prepared and characterized by elemental, spectral, and single crystal diffraction techniques [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. Scanning probe microscopy offers the possibility of investigating biomolecular structure and function. However, successful imaging is technically limited by interactions between the probe and the sample. A strong attachment of the biomolecule to the substrate is often required. Here, we investigate the binding of the protein catalase to gold surfaces modified by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The chemical and physical adsorption of the protein molecules onto SAMs of 3-mercaptopropanoic acid (3-MPA), 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) and a mixture of the two acid thiols (Mixed) was investigated utilizing tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The surface concentration of catalase adsorbed on the SAMs decreased in the order: Mixed > 11-MUA > 3-MPA. Utilizing the terminal carboxylic acid functionalities, catalase was immobilized with a water soluble carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Immobilization resulted in increased coverage of the protein. SPR studies on silver surfaces modified by these SAMs indicate immobilization of carbodiimide and NHS decreased in the order: Mixed > 11-MUA > 3-MPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. Scanning force microscopy (SFM, also called atomic force microscopy, or AFM) has been applied to rapid in situ quantification of surface affinity to protein. The surface affinity was measured by adhesion force measurement with protein-coated SFM probes. Experiments on three model surfaces, -CH[sub 3], -COOH and -NH[sub 2] terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces, have been performed at pH 4.5 and pH 6.8 environments, using probes covalently coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Results show that the hydrophobic -CH[sub 3] surface possesses the highest affinity and is independent of pH values. The -COOH and -NH[sub 2] surfaces possess pH-dependent affinities. A higher affinity was observed on charged surfaces to proteins with dissimilar net surface charges than with similar net surface charges. Results are corroborated to previous elutability studies on similar systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective secondary amine catalysed approach to the diastereoselective synthesis substituted cyclohexanols was proposed. A steric hindrance driven diastereoselective cross domino reaction gave manifold heteroaryl substituted cyclohexanols with five asymmetric centres in 92–98% yields. The sequence of inter- and intramolecular domino reactions includes Claisen–Schmidt condensation followed by 1,4-Michael addition of heteroaryl carbaldehydes and heteroaryl acetyl derivatives. HPLC study of the reactions shows outstanding self diastereoselectivity (dr > 99%) in the formation of one set of enantiomers out of sixteen possible enantiomeric pairs. The structures of all the synthesized molecules were confirmed by HRMS, NMR and IR spectroscopy methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed transition-metals oxide electrocatalysts have shown huge potential for electrochemical water oxidation due to their earth abundance, low cost and excellent electrocatalytic activity. Here we present Co–Fe–B–O coatings as oxygen evolution catalyst synthesized by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) which provided flexibility to investigate the effect of morphology and structural transformation on the catalytic activity. As an unusual behaviour, nanomorphology of 3D-urchin-like particles assembled with crystallized CoFe2O4 nanowires, acquiring high surface area, displayed inferior performance as compared to core–shell particles with partially crystalline shell containing boron. The best electrochemical activity towards water oxidation in alkaline medium with an overpotential of 315 mV at 10 mA/cm2 along with a Tafel slope of 31.5 mV/dec was recorded with core–shell particle morphology. Systematic comparison with control samples highlighted the role of all the elements, with Co being the active element, boron prevents the complete oxidation of Co to form Co3+ active species (CoOOH), while Fe assists in reducing Co3+ to Co2+ so that these species are regenerated in the successive cycles. Thorough observation of results also indicates that the activity of the active sites play a dominating role in determining the performance of the electrocatalyst over the number of adsorption sites. The synthesized Co–Fe–B–O coatings displayed good stability and recyclability thereby showcasing potential for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary angiosarcomas following reconstructive surgery are thought to be attributable to radiotherapy or lymphoedema. We report the first case of a patient presenting with breast angiosarcoma demonstrating multiple morphologies (including the rare epithelioid subtype) arising after breast-conserving reconstruction for a previous adenocarcinoma, in the absence of these predisposing risk factors. Level of Evidence: Level V, diagnostic study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inhibition of the corrosion of mild steel 1 M HCl solution by some diamine compounds has been investigated in relation to the concentration of the inhibitor as well as the temperature using weight loss and electrochemical measurements. The effect of the temperature on the corrosion behavior with the addition of different concentrations of new diamine compounds (3-[2-(2-cyano-ethylamino)-methylamino]-propionitrile ( P1); 3-[2-(2-cyano-ethylamino)-ethylamino]-propionitrile ( P2), and 3-[6-(2-cyano-ethylamino)-hexylamino]-propionitrile ( P3), respectively, was studied in the temperature range 40-80 °C. Polarization curves reveal that ( P1, P2, and P3) are mixed type inhibitors. The inhibition efficiency of organic compounds is temperature independent, but increases with the inhibitor concentration. Adsorption of inhibitor on the carbon steel surface is found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Some thermodynamic functions of dissolution and adsorption processes were also determined. On the other hand, and in order to determine the relationship between the molecular structure of these compounds and inhibition efficiency, quantum chemical parameters were calculated. The theoretically obtained results were found to be consistent with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]