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Currently, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have been the mainstay of technological innovation. Given the paucity of financial support, equity crowdfunding has become a popular way for SMEs to obtain project funds in recent years. Based on all successful crowdfunding projects on Seedrs, an equity crowdfunding platform, we delved into the impact of the content not displayed on project's presentation page, particularly past fundraising experiences, on fundraising performance. Additionally, we empirically explored the influence of three dimensions, namely whether there was past fundraising experience, the number of past fundraising experience(s), and the amount of the last fundraising, on the fundraising ratio and the number of investors. The research results indicate that (1) the fundraising ratio is not significantly related to whether there was past fundraising experience and the number of past fundraising experience(s), but positively related to the amount of the last fundraising; (2) the number of investors is not significantly related to whether there was past fundraising experience, but positively related to the number of past fundraising experience(s) and negatively related to the amount of the last fundraising. Theoretically, we explored the relations between the information not displayed and fundraising performance from the perspective of past fundraising experience, supplementing and enriching the related research. Practically, we revealed the information searching behaviors of investors and guided the crowdfunding platforms in the information display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to global warming and the disturbance of the interannual variability of precipitation, the frequency of extreme drought events has increased. The impact of global climate change on water resources is becoming increasingly apparent, then it is particularly necessary to explore the carrying capacity of water ecological environment under extreme drought conditions, which can guarantee the ecological water security in river basins. This study takes the Guanzhong area of the Wei River Basin as an example, calculating the water environment carrying capacity of 40 areas in the Weihe Guanzhong area in different levels of years under extreme drought conditions by comprehensive evaluation model of carrying capacity and using geographic information system GIS to display the spatial distribution of water environment carrying capacity in 40 regions. According to the results of the spatial distribution of water environmental bearing capacity, four different schemes are designed to improve the bearing capacity. The first plan reduces the industrial water consumption and irrigation quota by 5%, the second plan increases the industrial water and sewage treatment rate on this basis. the third plan further improves the development and utilization rate of surface and groundwater, and the fourth plan, on the basis of the first three plans, supplies 600 million cubic meters of industrial and agricultural water to Guanzhong region. Through comparative analysis, without taking any measures, under the extreme drought conditions, the water environment carrying capacity of the 40 areas in Guanzhong is all in an unbearable state. Overall, plan 4 has the most significant improvement in the water environment-carrying capacity, especially the Dong zhuang Reservoir of the Jing River which has played a very important role in enhancing the water ecological environment carrying capacity of the downstream water of the Wei River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent radiative cooling holds the promise to efficiently manage thermal conditions in various electronic devices without additional energy consumption. Radiative cooling cover windows designed for foldable and flexible displays could enhance cooling capacities in the ubiquitous deployment of flexible electronics in outdoor environments. However, previous demonstrations have not met the optical, mechanical, and moisture-impermeable criteria for such cover windows. Herein, we report transparent radiative cooling metamaterials with a thickness of 50 microns as a cover window of foldable and flexible displays by rational design and synthesis of embedding optically-modulating microstructures in clear polyimide. The resulting outcome not only includes excellent light emission in the atmospheric window under the secured optical transparency but also provides enhanced mechanical and moisture-impermeable properties to surpass the demands of target applications. Our metamaterials not only substantially mitigate the temperature rise in heat-generating devices exposed to solar irradiance but also enhance the thermal management of devices in dark conditions. The light output performance of light-emitting diodes in displays on which the metamaterials are deployed is greatly enhanced by suppressing the performance deterioration associated with thermalization. In this work, authors synthesize transparent radiative cooling cover windows for flexible and foldable electronic devices. Besides demonstrated enhanced mechanical and moisture-impermeable properties, these mitigate temperature rise of devices under solar irradiation and improve overall thermal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mura defects of thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panels have low contrast and random locations, which makes it impossible for us to correctly evaluate the number and type of mura defects on the image in the field inspection. In response to the above problems, this paper proposes a lightweight YOLO-ADPAM detection method based on an attention mechanism. First, we designed a K-means-ciou++ clustering algorithm using the Complete-Intersection-Over-Union loss function to cluster the anchor box size of the display defect dataset, making the bounding box regression more accurate and stable and improving the recognition and positioning accuracy of the algorithm. Second, we design a parallel attention module, combining the advantages of the channel and spatial attention mechanisms to effectively extract helpful information from feature maps. The channel attention branch can compensate for the defect information lost by global average pooling to a certain extent, and selecting a larger convolution kernel in the spatial attention branch is beneficial to retain crucial spatial information. Third, using atrous spatial pyramid pooling and depthwise separable convolution in the Neck network can further improve the receptive field of the feature map and improve the detection accuracy of the network. The experimental results show that the mAP of our proposed YOLO-ADPAM algorithm in TFT-LCD defect detection reaches 98.20%, and the detection speed reaches 83.23 FPS, which meets the detection accuracy and real-time requirements of TFT-LCD defect detection tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New crystalline tetranuclear cluster is prepared by the interaction of manganese(II) chloride with calix[4]arene 3 functionalized at the upper rim by distal p-(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl and p-tert-butyl groups displaying different electronic effects and sizes. The structure of the cluster is studied by single-crystal XRD. Due to the presence of (4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl moieties at the upper rim of the macrocyclic ligand, the molecules of the tetranuclear clusters are involved in π-stacking interactions leading to the formation of 2D supramolecular layers affording a porous crystal packing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of high-resolution printed flexible electronic devices is prevalent in various fields, including energy storage, intelligent healthcare monitoring, soft robotics, and intelligent human–machine interaction, owing to its compact nature and mechanical flexibility. The EHD jet printing technology has the potential to develop the field of printing industry through its ability to fabricate high-resolution, flexible, stretchable, and 3D structures for electronic applications such as displays, sensors, and transistors. The EHD jet printing technology involves the use of solution-based inks made of diverse functional materials to print a wide range of structures. Consequently, it is imperative to have a comprehensive understanding of nanomaterial composites that are printed using EHD jet printing technology. This review provides a thorough overview of nanomaterial composite inks printed for electronic devices using EHD jet printing technology. In particular, a comprehensive overview has been provided about the utilization of EHD jet printing for nanomaterial composites in several domains, including flexible electrodes, flexible displays, transistors, energy harvesting, sensors, and biomedical applications. Moreover, this analysis presents a concise overview of the limitations and prospective future directions for nanomaterial composites fabricated by EHD jet printing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A materials scientist named Frank Mücklich has won the Albert Keil Prize for his work in improving the reliability of electrical contacts in cars. Mücklich developed a laser surface texturing procedure that makes the surfaces of electrical contacts more stable and efficient, reducing electrical contact resistance by up to 80%. This is significant for the reliability and safety of autonomous vehicles and the transition to more sustainable forms of energy. In other news, Oxford Instruments has launched the Oxford Instruments Innovation Center, a facility that showcases the company's analytical innovations and provides training and collaboration opportunities for scientists and researchers. Additionally, Sherwin-Williams has introduced the Heat-Flex 7000 thermal insulative coating system, which offers personnel protection, insulating capabilities, and solar heat reflectivity for industrial applications. The single-component, spray-applied coating system eliminates the need for conventional insulation and cladding systems, reducing costs and the risk of corrosion under insulation. [Extracted from the article]

Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is a new non-contact direct writing technique designed to achieve precise and intricate patterns on various substrates. Specifically, the pneumatic AJP process breaks down the ink into fine particles, significantly reducing the risk of nozzle clogging and rendering it highly advantageous for industrial applications. This paper focuses on the optimization of the line electrode formation process using soluble silver clusters as the conductive ink, along with the aerosol formation procedure. The main parameters of the AJP process, namely sheath flow rate, atomizer flow rate, and dispensing speed, were identified and examined for their influence on line width and resistivity. Through this analysis, an operability window, including optimized conditions for printing high-quality lines using the AJP process, was established, along with a regression equation enabling the statistical estimation of line width. In summary, the outcomes of this investigation underscore the feasibility of an integrated printing system capable of precision control over line width, achieved through the optimization of AJP process parameters. Furthermore, it was established that pneumatic AJP offers robust process stability. The practical applicability of the proposed optimization techniques was assessed, highlighting their potential utilization in electrode formation processes within the electronic and display industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthcare providers (HCPs) often encounter clinical trial results in the form of data displays in prescription drug promotions. Information conveyed in data displays vary in their presentation and complexity. This study describes characteristics of data displays in prescription drug advertising targeted to HCPs. Methods: This study characterized the content of 140 data displays in 98 unique print advertisements from 2009 to present and identified in AdPharm, an online database of pharmaceutical advertisements. Two reviewers independently coded the advertisements for characteristics (κ = 0.85) including complexity, format, and quality. Results: About one-third (32%) of the advertisements contained multiple data displays (range 2 to 6) and 44% showed clinical data from oncology trials; other disease domains were mental and behavioral health (14%), rheumatology and autoimmune disorders (8%), endocrinology (7%), cardiology (6%), infectious disease (6%), pulmonology and allergy (4%), and others (< 2% each). About one-half (51%) of displays were classified as "simple" which included "pseudographs" and basic tables or charts. "Complex" displays appeared as survival curves, line graphs, or bar graphs with complex features. Most complex displays included a comparator drug (90%), plain language restatement of the key finding (93%) and disclosure statements (91%) with additional study details, although their placement varied. Complex displays were of high quality, according to our selected indicators; our analysis found no data distortion or errors. Conclusion: Data displays in prescription drug advertising are often highly complex. Future research assessing understanding of data displays and the potentially beneficial effect of disclosures and other features is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Healthcare resource allocation varies worldwide. It is integral that countries identify optimal allocation methods to distribute healthcare resources to ensure and sustain good population heath. This study examines the association between healthcare resource allocation and perception of health status across countries. Subject and methods: Data from OECD Health Statistics and OECD Health Care Resources is analyzed with visual analytics methodology. Results: Findings show that the relationship between factors that influence resource allocation and health status differ based on the development status and geographic location of countries. In developing countries, there is a significant relationship between the number of hospitals and absence from work due to perceived poor health. Medical resource allocation is positively associated with health status perception in countries where the allocation is proportional to incidence of diseases. Among the various medical resources, medical personnel are the most important factor in both developing and developed countries in influencing the positive perceived health status of the population. Conclusions: With more healthcare resources people's life expectancy should increase, and overall mortality should decline. This study offers several implications for the future. Governments can take differential actions based on their citizens' needs to improve their perceived health status. In general, there should be an emphasis on allocation of human medical resources, rather than medical equipment. Businesses should invest more in healthcare education to be able to implement and administer government health policies. Strategic investments in key healthcare resources can boost revenue and offer sufficient incentives for development of innovative medical technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monovalent group 15 cations L2Pn + (L = σ-donor ligands, Pn = N, P, As, Sb, Bi) have attracted significant experimental and theoretical interest because of their unusual electronic structures and growing synthetic potential. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a family of antimony(I) and bismuth(I) cations supported by a bis(silylene) ligand [(TBDSi2)Pn][BArF4] (TBD = 1, 8, 10, 9-triazaboradecalin; ArF = 3,5-CF3-C6H3; Pn = Sb, (2); Bi, (3)). The structures of 2 and 3 have been unambiguously characterized spectroscopically and by X-ray diffraction analysis and DFT calculations. They feature bis-coordinated Sb and Bi atoms which exhibit two lone pairs of electrons. The reactions of 2 and 3 with methyl trifluoromethane sulfonate provide a approach for the preparation of dicationic antimony(III) and bismuth(III) methyl complexes. Compounds 2 and 3 serve as 2e donors to group 6 metals (Cr, Mo), giving rise to ionic antimony and bismuth metal carbonyl complexes 6–9. Tetrylones show unique electronic properties and display potantial as soluble molecular allotropes, but until now, the chemistry of Tetrylone homologs remains underexplored. Here, the authors describe the synthesis of a family of antimony(I) and bismuth(I) cations supported by a bis silylene ligand and explore their reactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergency room (ER) digital bedside card is a simple and important invention. It can be directly connected to the hospital information system to display important patient information in real time, reduce the workload of ER staff, improve their satisfaction, and provide useful information for patients and their families. We conducted a prospective study of ER staff using questionnaires and conducted Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare before and after ER digital bedside card implementation in the Tamsui MacKay Memorial Hospital. Sixty participants of the ER staff joined the study before and after digital card implementation. After the ER digital bedside card was set up, the number of round trips from the nursing station to the ER bedside and the number of common questions asked by patients and their family members were significantly reduced. The cards reduced the response time for frequently asked questions by patients and their family members and significantly improved the satisfaction of ER staff. Our study showed that ER digital bedside cards reduced the workload of ER staff, provided patients and their families with useful information, and greatly improved ER staff satisfaction. This marks an important milestone in the future development of smart ER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a fascinating photo physics of the light emitting polymer (LEP), poly2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) when diluted by the solid poly methylmethacrylate (PMMA) environment. The neat MDMO-PPV exhibiting the single peak absorption at 496.6 nm and emission at 589 nm (of 0–0 transition) displays the blue and red shifted bimodal absorption and emissions simultaneously in the presence of inert PMMA matrix. Blue phase peaks are dominant for low dopant concentrations whereas the red phase peaks are dominant at higher concentrations. A switching from blue phase to red phase is due to transition from collapsed chain conformations to coupled or aggregated conformations of conjugated chains of MDMO-PPV. At low doping level, the intra-chain excitonic coupling between the transition dipoles (TDMs) of MDMO-PPV are disrupted by the PMMA matrix, whereas the intra-chain excitonic coupling is pronounced at higher doping levels in accordance with Kasha's model of aggregation. The emissions around 525 and 530 nm correspond to MDMO-PPV oligomer precursors and that around 580 to 605 nm are due to J aggregated conjugated chains. The activation energy calculations from Broido's, Horwitz-Metzer and Van –Kravelin methods are in good agreement, elucidating the correctness and consistency of the techniques used. Increase in the thermal stability of the samples with the increased doping level is affirmed by increase in activation energy from about 105 to 155 kJ/ mole. The XRD studies confirm the blue phase induced disorder and supported by the occurrence of the FTIR resonant peaks related to vinyl ring wagging and C = C stretching modes. Enhanced dc and conductivity increase in dielectric constant, the photo physics related parameters like energy gap, Urbach energy and Stokes shifts are reported. Highly correlated wavelength shifts and intensities of emission for both the exciting wavelengths 340 nm and 450 nm along with the unprecedented tuning of emission over wide range of the visible region with the most simple and the economic solution cast method are the novelty of this work. This invention can boost the technological aspects of plastic electronic display devices, like LED, LASER, solar cell and EM shielding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across three experiments (N = 1565), we investigated how forecasts about the spread of COVID 19 are impacted by data trends, and whether patterns of misestimation predict adherence to social-distancing guidelines. We also investigated how mode of data presentation influences forecasting of future cases by showing participants data on the number of COVID-19 cases from a 5-week period in either graphical, tabular, or text-only form. We consistently found that people shown tables produced more accurate forecasts compared to people shown line-graphs of the same data; yet people shown line-graphs were more confident in their estimates. These findings suggest that graphs engender false-confidence in the accuracy of forecasts, that people's forecasts of future cases have important implications for their attitudes concerning social distancing, and that tables may be better than graphs for informing the public about the trajectory of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) fibers with favorable electroluminescence properties and interconnectable pixel configurations have represented the potential for wearable electronic textile displays. Nevertheless, the current technology of OLED fiber-based textile displays still leaves to be desired due to several challenges, including limited emission area and lack of encapsulation systems. Here we present a fibrous OLED textile display that can attain a large emission area and long-term stability by implementing addressable networks comprised of integrated phosphorescence OLED fibers and by designing multilayer encapsulations. The integrated fiber configuration offers decoupled functional fiber surfaces for an interconnectable 1-dimensional OLED pixel array and a data-addressing conductor. Tailored triadic metal/ultrathin oxide/polymer multilayer enables not only the oxygen/water permeation inhibition but also the controllable conductive channels of dielectric antifuses. Together with reliable bending stability, the long-term operation of OLED textiles in water manifests the feasibility of the present device concept toward water-resistant full-emitting-area fibrous textile displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software used in avionics must comply with strict aviation standards. The aviation standard ARINC 661 defines the interfaces and a number of specific requirements for the information display system in the cockpit. Due to these requirements, the task of ensuring an acceptable rendering speed on the promising i.MX6 platform with reduced power consumption arises. The development of the OpenGL SC (Safety Critical) graphics library that works in the JetOS real-time avionics operating system and accomplishes this task is considered. It displays information generated in accordance with the ARINC 661 standard using the hardware support of the Vivante GPU. An efficient rendering acceleration approach is proposed and implemented. First of all, calls to OpenGL functions were optimized in the display system that works in accordance with the standard. However, such a modification incurs significant expenses for certifying the entire display system. For this reason, optimization was implemented in a special intermediate module. The proposed approach makes it possible to achieve a rendering speed that is acceptable for the pilot's display in the cockpit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the information technology industry around the world has grown strong. At the same time, we also face a new challenge with the explosion in the amount of information. Although there is a huge amount of data, the information that we actually have is lacking, and the implications behind the data have not been fully exploited. Scientists have researched new ways to fully exploit the information contained in the database. Since the late 1980s, the concept of knowledge discovery in databases was first mentioned. This is the process of detecting latent, unknown, and useful knowledge in large databases, while overcoming the limitations of traditional database models with only data query tools that cannot find new information, and is information hidden in the database. Knowledge mining in a database is the process of discovering new, useful, and information hidden in a database. Since the early 1980s, Z. Pawlak has proposed the Rough Set theory with a very solid mathematical basis. This theory is practiced by many research groups working in the field of general information technology and exploring knowledge in the database and applied in research. Rough Set theory is more widely applied in the field of knowledge discovery, while being useful in solving problems of data classification and association rules through discovery, and especially useful in problems dealing with ambiguous and uncertain data. Specifically, in theory, the raw set of data is displayed using information systems or tables. With large data tables having imperfect data, redundant data, or continuous data or represented in the form of symbols, the Rough Set theory allows knowledge exploration in databases like this to detect hidden knowledge from these "raw" blocks of data. The found knowledge is expressed in the form of rules and patterns. After finding the most general rules for data representation, one can calculate the strength and dependence between attributes in the information system. In this paper, the authors research the recommendation system, rough set theory, theory of approximation, and fuzzy rough set theory, thereby building a partial model. Software enables users to exploit association rules of their database, thereby facilitating appropriate purchase or import decisions. The system can support user design options of database features, load data from the SQL Server by Apache Spark, and export the statistics to website to be reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the vigorous development of information display system and solar energy conversion technology, it is crucial to develop newly indium-free, transparent conductive material (TCO). In this work, Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) thin films with excellent TCO properties were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at low-temperature. The influence of doping concentration on film performance was studied in detail by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, Hall-effect measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy. It has been found that the surface morphology of all as-prepared thin films is in irregular grain-like texture, and the preferred orientation and electrical properties of the GZO thin films are highly dependent on Ga-concentration. When the Ga-doping concentration is 1.16 at.% (at ZnO/Ga2O3 cycle ratio of 24:1), the GZO film exhibits the highest carrier concentration of 1.07 × 1021 cm−3, the lowest resistivity of 6.91 × 10−4 Ω cm and the highest quality factor ΦTc of 3.5 × 10−3 Ω−1. The average transmittance of the GZO thin films is better than ~ 88%. This study provides an important reference of GZO for TCO film in flexible electronic devices including display devices and other optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) for individual patient management within clinical practice is becoming increasingly important. New evidence about graphic visualization formats for PROMs scores has become available. This systematic literature review evaluated evidence for graphic visualization formats of PROMs data in clinical practice for patients and clinicians, for both individual and group level PROMs data. Methods: Studies published between 2000 and 2020 were extracted from CINAHL, PubMed, PsychInfo, and Medline. Studies included patients ≥ 18 years old in daily clinical practice. Papers not available in English, without full-text access, or that did not specifically describe visualization of PROMs data were excluded. Outcomes were: visualization preferences; interpretation accuracy; guidance for clinical interpretation. Results: Twenty-five out of 789 papers were included for final analysis. Most frequently studied formats were: bar charts, line graphs, and pie charts. Patients preferred bar charts and line graphs as these were easy and quick for retrieving information about their PROMs scores over time. Clinicians' interpretation accuracy and preferences were similar among graphic visualization formats. Scores were most often compared with patients' own previous scores; to further guide clinical interpretation, scores were compared to norm population scores. Different 'add-ons' improved interpretability for patients and clinicians, e.g. using colors, descriptions of measurement scale directionality, descriptive labels, and brief definitions. Conclusion: There was no predominant graphical visualization format approach in terms of preferences or interpretation accuracy for both patients and clinicians. Detailed clarification of graph content is essential. Plain English summary: Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) capture patients' self-reported health through the use of questionnaires. PROMs measure health related quality of life, daily functioning, and symptom experience, which are becoming increasingly important to incorporate in clinical practice for individual patient management. To present PROMs within clinical practice, raw or summarized PROMs scores can be visualized in graphical formats. To be useful during clinical encounters, both patients and clinicians ought to interpret such formats correctly. New evidence about graphic visualization formats for PROMs scores has become available. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate evidence for graphic visualization formats of PROMs data in clinical practice. In 25 included papers, most studies used graphical formats like bar charts, line graphs, and pie charts for presenting PROMs scores. There was no predominant graphical visualization format approach in terms of preferences or interpretation accuracy for both patients and clinicians. Patients preferred bar charts and line graphs as these were easy and quick for retrieving information about their PROMs scores over time. Clinicians' interpretation accuracy and preferences were similar among graphic visualization formats. The graphical interpretation of PROMs data for patients and clinicians can be improved by using colors, descriptions of measurement scale directionality, descriptive labels, and brief definitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ubiquitous computing, there is a trade-off between adequate display of information and how the layering of data from multiple devices may result in increased imposition upon cognitive load. An emerging class of ubiquitous technologies referred to as ambient displays aim to reduce this imposition through trading off highly detailed visualisation and notification capabilities in the pursuit of systems which impose low levels of workload. What is yet to be explored in detail is how these systems may impose upon cognitive load in a quantified manner. In response, this study focuses on two research questions: RQ1—What methods may be appropriate in the measure of Ambient Display induced Cognitive Load and RQ2—How does one prototype display contribute to levels of Cognitive Load in a laboratory setting. These questions are investigated through a dual-task measure of cognitive load. A repeated measures within-groups laboratory experiment was conducted where participants were required to complete an n-back task in a display-present and display-absent condition. The n-back task was found to be an appropriate method of manipulating performance in both the primary and secondary tasks, although the presence of the evaluated ambient display was not found to induce additional workload. This is despite participants indicating in a subjective measure that they were able to perceive events visualised on the ambient display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DICOM viewers must fulfill roles beyond primary diagnostic interpretation, including serving as presentation tools in teaching and multidisciplinary conferences, thereby enabling multiple individuals to review images collaboratively in real time. When in-person gathering is not possible, a variety of solutions have been deployed to maintain the ability for spatially separated users to view medical images simultaneously. These approaches differ in their backend architectures, utilization of application-specific optimizations, and ultimately in their end user satisfaction. In this work, we systematically compare the performance of conventional screensharing using a videoconferencing application with that of a custom, synchronized DICOM viewer linked using Web Real Time Communications (WebRTC) technology. We find superior performance for the WebRTC method with regard to image quality and latency across a range of simulated adverse network conditions, and we show how increasing the number of conference participants differentially affects the bandwidth requirements of the two viewing solutions. In addition, we compare these two approaches in a real-world teaching scenario and gather the feedback of trainee and faculty radiologists, who we found to favor the WebRTC method for its decreased latency, improved image quality, ease of setup, and overall experience. Ultimately, our results demonstrate the value of application-specific solutions for the remote synchronized viewing of medical imaging, which, given the recent increase in reliance on remote collaboration, may constitute a significant consideration for future enterprise viewer procurement decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently monolayer jacutingaite (Pt2HgSe3), a naturally occurring exfoliable mineral, discovered in Brazil in 2008, has been theoretically predicted as a candidate quantum spin Hall system with a 0.5 eV band gap, while the bulk form is one of only a few known dual-topological insulators that may host different surface states protected by symmetries. In this work, we systematically investigate both structure and electronic evolution of bulk Pt2HgSe3 under high pressure up to 96 GPa. The nontrivial topology is theoretically stable, and persists up to the structural phase transition observed in the high-pressure regime. Interestingly, we found that this phase transition is accompanied by the appearance of superconductivity at around 55 GPa and the critical transition temperature Tc increases with applied pressure. Our results demonstrate that Pt2HgSe3 with nontrivial topology of electronic states displays a ground state upon compression and raises potentials in application to the next-generation spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of electronic visual displays for background-oriented schlieren allows for the quick change of the reference images. In this study, we show that the quality of synthetic and background-oriented schlieren images can be improved by acquiring a set of images with different reference images and generating a median displacement field from it. To explore potential benefits, we studied different background changing strategies and their effect on the quality of the evaluation of the displacement field via artificial and experimental image distortions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research on biometrics focuses on achieving a high success rate of authentication and addressing the concern of various spoofing attacks. Although hand geometry recognition provides adequate security over unauthorized access, it is susceptible to presentation attack. This paper presents an anti-spoofing method toward hand biometrics. A presentation attack detection approach is addressed by assessing the visual quality of genuine and fake hand images. A threshold-based gradient magnitude similarity quality metric is proposed to discriminate between the real and spoofed hand samples. The visual hand images of 255 subjects from the Bogazici University hand database are considered as original samples. Correspondingly, from each genuine sample, we acquire a forged image using a Canon EOS 700D camera. Such fake hand images with natural degradation are considered for electronic screen display based spoofing attack detection. Furthermore, we create another fake hand dataset with artificial degradation by introducing additional Gaussian blur, salt and pepper, and speckle noises to original images. Ten quality metrics are measured from each sample for classification between original and fake hand image. The classification experiments are performed using the k-nearest neighbors, random forest, and support vector machine classifiers, as well as deep convolutional neural networks. The proposed gradient similarity-based quality metric achieves 1.5% average classification error using the k-nearest neighbors and random forest classifiers. An average classification error of 2.5% is obtained using the baseline evaluation with the MobileNetV2 deep network for discriminating original and different types of fake hand samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For interventional radiology, dose management has persisted as a crucially important issue to reduce radiation exposure to patients and medical staff. This study designed a real-time dose visualization system for interventional radiology designed with mixed reality technology and Monte Carlo simulation. An earlier report described a Monte-Carlo-based estimation system, which simulates a patient's skin dose and air dose distributions, adopted for our system. We also developed a system of acquiring fluoroscopic conditions to input them into the Monte Carlo system. Then we combined the Monte Carlo system with a wearable device for three-dimensional holographic visualization. The estimated doses were transferred sequentially to the device. The patient's dose distribution was then projected on the patient body. The visualization system also has a mechanism to detect one's position in a room to estimate the user's exposure dose to detect and display the exposure level. Qualitative tests were conducted to evaluate the workload and usability of our mixed reality system. An end-to-end system test was performed using a human phantom. The acquisition system accurately recognized conditions that were necessary for real-time dose estimation. The dose hologram represents the patient dose. The user dose was changed correctly, depending on conditions and positions. The perceived overall workload score (33.50) was lower than the scores reported in the literature for medical tasks (50.60) for computer activities (54.00). Mixed reality dose visualization is expected to improve exposure dose management for patients and health professionals by exhibiting the invisible radiation exposure in real space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent days, rare-earth doped phosphors have attracted an immense attraction in luminescence field for various solid-state lighting and electronic display device applications. However, need of efficient red phosphor is a prevalent challenge in this field. Herein, we report a bright red light emitting Na+ co-doped SrAl2O4:Eu3+ phosphor which is synthesized by modified sol–gel technique. These nanophosphors show excellent red emission due to characteristic 5D0 → 7Fj (j = 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions of the doped Eu3+ ions excited by 394 nm. Photoluminescence studies of both Eu3+ doped SrAl2O4 and Na+ co-doped SrAl2O4:Eu3+ has shown more than fourfold increase in the intensity for optimum Na+ addition. The improved decay time obtained from decay measurement has revealed that the co-doped Na+ has successfully reduced the nonradiative transitions. Thus, addition of monovalent Na+ to Eu3+ doped SrAl2O4 was found to be effective to address the charge imbalance problem along with significant enhancement in luminescence intensity and decay time. The results suggest that this nanophosphor could be a major candidate in the rapidly increasing field of solid-state lighting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual information is a critical component in the evaluation and communication of patient medical information. As display technologies have evolved, the medical community has sought to take advantage of advances in wider color gamuts, greater display portability, and more immersive imagery. These image quality enhancements have shown improvements in the quality of healthcare through greater efficiency, higher diagnostic accuracy, added functionality, enhanced training, and better health records. However, the display technology advances typically introduce greater complexity in the image workflow and display evaluation. This paper highlights some of the optical measurement challenges created by these new display technologies and offers possible pathways to address them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the goal of expanding the diversity of tools available for controlling gene expression in cyanobacteria, the T7-RNA polymerase gene expression system from E. coli BL21(DE3) was adapted and systematically engineered for robust function Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, a fast-growing saltwater strain. Expression of T7-RNA polymerase was controlled via LacI regulation, while functionality was optimized by both further tuning its expression level along with optimizing the translation initiation region of the expressed gene, in this case an enhanced YFP reporter. Under high CO2 conditions, the resulting system displayed a 60-fold dynamic range in expression levels. Furthermore, when maximally induced, T7-RNA polymerase-dependent protein production constituted up to two-thirds of total cellular protein content in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Ultimately, however, this came at the cost of 40% reductions in both biomass and pigmentation levels. Taken together, the developed T7-RNA polymerase gene expression system is effective for controlling and achieving high-level expression of heterologous genes in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, making it a valuable tool for cyanobacterial research. Key Points: • Promoter driving T7-RNA polymerase was optimized. • Up to 60-fold dynamic range in expression, depending on CO2conditions. • Two-thirds of total protein is T7-RNA polymerase dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates gene therapies, among other products. The approval of four gene therapy products since 2017 represents a significant milestone for a new class of treatments with the potential to treat or cure diseases, particularly rare diseases, that were previously considered incurable. Several factors have contributed to the recent rapid development of gene therapies including advances in genetics to facilitate target-detection, advances in vectors, and regulatory incentives such as breakthrough therapy designation, priority review and market exclusivity. The patient population affected by a rare disease is typically small, heterogeneous and geographically dispersed. As a result, clinical trials on a rare disease have unique features in terms of study design, subject enrollment, data analyses and interpretation of study results. Given that the patient population affected is small for rare diseases, providing substantial evidence of effectiveness and evidence of safety in trials for rare disease presents challenges. In this paper, we share our experiences in the statistical review of three gene therapy products that have been approved by FDA CBER. Our motivation in writing this paper is to encourage the use of appropriate analysis strategies for other similar small trials, with a focus on data visualization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, to satisfy the urgent demand of vessel transportation marine service that are more standardized and intelligent, the vessel intelligent transportation maritime service portfolios in port areas (VITMSPPA) under e-navigation framework are proposed. First, we analyzed the qualitative description of vessel transportation maritime services in the maritime service portfolios. Thereafter, by combining the demand of e-navigation users and the vessel traffic service user's guide, we propose the logical demand and structure of the VITMSPPA. Second, based on this structure, a data model of VITMSPPA is established, which tally to the common maritime data structure. Third, considering the heterogeneity of VITMSPPA data sources and the characteristics of port traffic data, a data lifecycle management model is constructed to obtain intelligent maintenance of VITMSPPA data. Finally, taking Tianjin port in China as an example, the VITMSPPA is designed based on the electronic chart display and information system using VC++ and MySQL. The simulation experiments are carried out in the different process of vessels entering and leaving port. The results show that the proposed method can provide active, real-time and efficient vessel transportation maritime services for vessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: Reviewing the adverse event data collected in clinical trials is a lengthy and tedious process when these data are presented in the form of tables, data listings, and static graphs. Thus, to enable anyone interested in exploring adverse event data efficiently and relatively independently, we developed AdEPro, a compact, powerful, and easy-to-use interactive app. Description and Use of the App: AdEPro is an app for (audio-)visualizing adverse event data from clinical trials. The app dynamically displays the onset, severity, and development of selected adverse events on the individual subject level and on the treatment group level. This paper illustrates that there are numerous questions related to adverse events that can be approached by means of AdEPro, e.g., questions about temporal aspects of adverse events, associations between adverse events, and the influence of subject characteristics. AdEPro provides quick first answers to such questions; however, it does not provide statistical proof. Essentially, it acts as a versatile "hypothesis generator," helping the user to decide whether further analyses are indicated. No programming knowledge is required for exploring data by means of AdEPro. However, the user needs some basic knowledge of the software R and of extracting data from a clinical data base. The software code is open source, allowing modifications and expansions of the app, if desired. Availability and Implementation: AdEPro can be freely obtained from https://cran.r-project.org/package=adepro. It runs on any computer on which R is installed. Patient data are stored and processed locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNSs) are known to exhibit numerous prominent performances. However, scalable synthesis of h-BNNSs with a green, simple method has been difficult to achieve. In this study, xylitol-assisted discontinuous ball milling exfoliation (XADBME) of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was proposed as a novel strategy for scalable synthesis of h-BNNSs. First, the high yield (above 80 wt%) could be achieved smoothly with this green chemistry method. Moreover, the as-synthesized h-BNNSs exhibited large lateral size, ultra-thin, defect-free. Lastly, the as-synthesized BNNSs and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were compounded to form a series of membrane materials. The mentioned membranes exhibited high in-plane thermal conductivity and prominent UV absorption characteristics. 70 wt% BNNS membrane [3.4 W(mK)−1] exhibited nearly 400% higher in-plane thermal conductivity than that of membrane without BNNS [0.7 W(mK)−1]. Thus, it shows promising applications in thermal management of electronic display screens, eye protection equipment, as well as portable mobile devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key indicators of marine sediment genesis are the particle size distribution (PSD) and volume concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM). However, their study is not widespread in ship oceanology research. This paper reviews experience in using the LISST-Deep laser particle size analyzer for the study of marine SPM in situ. We present the first data on the volume concentration and PSD of SPM in the Barents Sea obtained during the 75th cruise of the RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in June 2019. We carried out an assessment of the adequacy of information display on the polydisperse system composition of the Barents Sea water body, which contains particles of a wide particle size spectrum of differing genesis and shape. This paper gives a regression and correlation analysis of LISST-Deep data with a Wet Labs turbidity meter and Multisizer 3 Coulter Counter, as well as the SPM mass concentration measured by the membrane filtration technique. All of them demonstrated reliable correlations between characteristics of SPM of the Barents Sea. Their correlation and determination coefficients varied from 0.6 to 0.8. The laser diffractometer produces more detailed vertical distributions of marine SPM parameters than does a turbidity meter, especially for euphotic zones. We found a significant correlation of LISST-Deep data with the concentration of dissolved oxygen, which increases for coarse–silty and sandy fractions (47.7–92.6 and 92.6–250 µm, respectively). Also, there is a correlation with SPM composition between parameters as organic carbon concentration and phytoplankton pigments. These correlations give some indirect indications of SPM composition from laser diffractometer measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in computer technology have led to growing demand for large high-resolution screens in environments such as large plazas, window displays and smart homes. However, large screens are limited, are difficult to move and are very expensive. Therefore, this study proposes a large dynamic tiled display system that uses all kinds of small- or mid-sized screens with mini PCs or smart devices to dynamically tile an oversized display. Each screen communicates with Ethernet or wireless network. The contribution of this study is to propose a large dynamic tiled display system. The research results show three advantages of the proposed system: (1) It has low cost, as it can use multiple small- or medium-sized screens forming a large dynamic tiled display. (2) It is practical, using portable devices with Wi-Fi, multimedia features and user-friendly interfaces. These features increase the system's popularity and improve its application. (3) The modular and flexible system architecture can be extended to embedded systems and next-generation display monitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) visualization is applied throughout many specialities, prompting an important breakthrough in accessibility and modeling of data. Experimental rendering and computerized reconstruction of objects has influenced many scientific achievements, facilitating one of the greatest advancements in medical education since the first illustrated anatomy book changed specialist training forever. Modern medicine relies on detailed, high quality virtual models for educational, experimental and clinical purposes. Almost all current virtual visualization methods rely on object slicing producing serial sections, which can then be digitalized or analyzed manually. The tendency to computerize serial sections roots from convenience, accessibility, decent visualization quality and automation capabilities. Drawbacks of serial section imaging is tissue damage occurring within each consequent sectioning. To utilize the important aspects of real-life object reconstruction, and maintain integrity of biological structures, we suggest a novel method of low-temperature layering of objects for digitization and computerized virtual reconstruction. Here we show the process of consequent imaging of each novel layer of a biological object, which provides a computer with high quality data for virtual reconstruction and creation of a multidimensional real-life model. Our method prevents tissue deformation and biodegradation due to specific methods used in preparation of the biological object. The resulting images can be applied in surgical training, medical education and numerous scientific fields for realistic reconstruction of biological objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light projection displays play an increasingly important role in our modern life. Core projection systems including liquid crystal displays and digital micromirror devices can impose spatial light modulation and actively shape light waves. Recently, the advent of metasurfaces has revolutionized design concepts in nanophotonics, enabling a new family of optical elements with exceptional degrees of freedom. Here, we demonstrate a light projection display technology based on optical metasurfaces, called digital metasurface device (DMSD). Each metasurface pixel in a DMSD is electrically reconfigurable with well-controlled programmability and addressability. The DMSD can not only continuously modulate the intensity of light with high contrast, but also shape the wavefront of light generated by each metasurface pixel and dynamically switch between arbitrary holographic patterns. Our approach will pave an avenue towards the development of customized light projection devices. It will also drive the field of dynamic optical metasurfaces with fresh momentum and inspiring concepts. Controllable and low-cost holographic display devices are always desired. Here the authors demonstrate an approach of creating light projection device based on electrical control of digital metasurface device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although checklists and guidelines for reporting and interpretation of clinical trial results are of immense value there is still room for a biased presentation in journal publications. Two important sources of bias that remain are as follows: (1) The absence of a principle guiding the display of point estimates in abstracts. For example, bias arises, even for a primary endpoint, when the reported point estimate is preferentially selected and does not correspond to the prespecified method of analysis. The benefit of treatment on an endpoint is often communicated through point estimates, and as abstracts contain the main takeaways, establishing ground rules for what to include and what not to include is crucial. (2) A commingling in the body of the publication of results from α-controlled endpoints, non–α-controlled endpoints, and post hoc analyses. The total number of non–α-controlled and post hoc analyses are unknown. Blending a favored selection of these with α-controlled results provides opportunities to overstate or understate findings as desired. Publicly available results provide the grist for the changes proposed to improve reporting standards. Additional changes are recommended as well, including a threshold of significance more stringent than 0.05 for non–α-controlled analyses. For safety, the proposal is to display the data via the mean cumulative function graph for prespecified adverse events of interest. The bottom line is that more objective reporting can be achieved if journals establish standards for reporting of point estimates in abstracts and require a hierarchical display of results in the main body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porphyrins are highly conjugated molecules that perform wide variety of functions in biological systems. They absorb strongly in the visible region and they are excellent fluorophores that emit in the visible region. If the meso or β positions of porphyrins are properly substituted, emission in the NIR region is facilitated. The fluorescence property of porphyrins can be used in sensing applications. Here, we report the synthesis of a water soluble porphyrin that emits in the NIR region and this molecule is used in the fluorescent determination of cadmium ion, which is an environmental pollutant and affects the health of living organisms adversely. 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)porphyrin (THMPP), which is water soluble was synthesised from 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)porphyrin (TMPP) by partial demethylation, which in turn was synthesized by mixture acid method. The donor-acceptor interaction of THMPP-Cd2+ system displays a dynamic fluorescence quenching through the electron transfer (ET) mechanism. Developed method showed a linear response toward Cd2+ in the concentration range of 0.25 μM to 2 μM. The limit of detection was found to be 0.1499 μM. THMPP exhibited excellent selectivity towards Cd (II) in presence of other metal ions like Hg2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Co2+ in 1:100, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ in 1:10 and Na+, K+ in 1:1 M ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects on children's behavior of visual information presented by augmented reality (AR) were investigated. A human-like AR character was presented standing in one of two physical pathways to children aged 5–7 years old and 8–10 years old before they completed a filler task. After the task, the children were required to walk through one of the two pathways to obtain a reward. Both the 5–7- and 8–10-year-olds chose the pathway that was not associated with the AR character more frequently than the pathway that was. Subsequently, adult participants tested in a similar manner showed no significant bias in pathway selection. Taken together, these results suggest that the presentation of an AR character within the present experimental setting affected the behavior of children aged from 5–10 years but not that of adults. The results are discussed in the context of developmental changes in sensitivity to insubstantial agents (e.g., imaginary companion), the reality of information displayed by AR technology, and differences in the methods of AR presentation (e.g., hand-held devices vs. head-mounted devices). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yeast surface display is a powerful technology used to isolate and engineer proteins to improve their activity, specificity, and stability. In this method, gene expression is regulated by promoters, and secretion efficiency is affected by secretion signals. Furthermore, both the accessibility and activity of the displayed proteins are affected by the length of anchor proteins. The ideal promoter, secretion signal, and anchor protein combination depend on the proteins of interest. In this study, we optimized a yeast surface display suitable for nanobody evaluation. We designed five display systems that used different combinations of promoters, secretion signals, and anchor proteins. Anti-hen egg-white lysozyme nanobody was used as the model nanobody. The amount of nanobodies displayed on yeast cells, the number of antigens bound to the displayed nanobodies, and the display efficiency were quantified. Overall, we improved the yeast display system for nanobody engineering and proposed its optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an engineering solution of a screen with elevated efficiency of separation of clay rock masses. The most rational design of undriven bar screens (namely, cantilever and spring-loaded screens) is determined. We present a mathematical model and a procedure for the evaluation of the parameters of screens. It is shown that, in the case of selection of the proper parameters for the grates of the screening surface, the screens can be used for the purposes of screening of clay rock masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface agricultural soil samples obtained from Dexing Pb/Zn mining area in Jiangxi province were analyzed for trace metals to assess their pollution status and potential ecological risk. The spatial distributions and the major trace metals pollution sources were described and identified with the combination of chemical measures and geographic information systems technology. The level of pollution in seven metals is decreasing in the following order: zinc (Zn 128.9 mg/kg) > chromium (Cr 64.1 mg/kg) > lead (Pb 58.4 mg/kg) > arsenic (As 45.3 mg/kg) > copper (Cu 41.9 mg/kg) > nickel (Ni 31.3 mg/kg) > cadmium (Cd 1.5 mg/kg). Trace metal spatial distribution maps established by geographic information system techniques displayed two high-pollution zones around mining sites in the study area. Multivariate statistical analyses were also applied, and the results demonstrated that Cd, As, Pb, Cu and Zn in the soils originated from mining activities, whereas Cr and Ni primarily originated from natural sources. The values of pollution index ranged from 4.79 to 71.59, and the values of modified pollution index ranged from 1.98 to 24.69. Moreover, the potential ecological risk values ranged from 264.0 to 3263.5, which indicated considerable ecological risk to very high ecological risk. The potential ecological risk values and other soil contamination indices showed similar patterns that the high-risk areas were around Dexing Pb/Zn mining site. The surface agricultural soil in study area is heavily to extremely polluted , with Cd that made the most dominant contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of 3D technology, 3D model retrieval has attracted a large amount of interest in computer vision field. In this paper, we propose a composition-based multi-graph matching method in this paper. Firstly, compute the pairwise matching affinity one-to-one graph matching. Secondly, seek the optimal intermediate graph by diverse graph matching orders, according to the consistency of global matching. Finally, the classic optimization method is used to get the best matching result for similarity measurement. We validate our approach using ETH, NTU and MV-RED 3D model datasets with convolutional neural network features. Extensive experiments show the superiority of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic Program Guides (EPGs) are systems that allow users of media applications, such as web TVs, to navigate scheduling information about current and upcoming programming. Personalized EPGs help users to overcome information overload in this domain, by exploiting recommender systems that automatically compile lists of novel and diverse video assets, based on implicitly or explicitly defined user preferences. In this paper we introduce the concept of personal channel, on which Personalized EPGs are grounded, that provides users with potentially interesting programs and videos, by exploiting program genres (documentary, sports, ...) and short textual descriptions of programs to find and categorize them. We investigate the problem of adopting appropriate algorithms for TV-program classification and retrieval, in the context of building personal channels, which is harder than a classical retrieval or classification task because of the short text available. The approach proposed to overcome this problem is the adoption of a new feature generation technique that enriches the textual program descriptions with additional features extracted from Wikipedia. Results of the experiments show that our approach actually improves the retrieval performance, while a limited positive effect is observed on classification accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the concept of data physicalization, we developed Vital + Morph, an interactive surface for remote connection and awareness of clinical data. It enables users located in remote places to monitor and feel the vital signs measured from a hospitalized person through shape-change. We propose shape-changing interfaces as a way of making data physicalization a richer, intriguing and memorable experience that communicates complex information and insights about data. To demonstrate and validate our proposed concept, we developed an exploratory study about the design and its implications. For evaluating the social impact of shape-changing interfaces in the context of remote monitoring, we presented Vital + Morph in several Media Art festivals. We collected and analyzed the feedback from the visitors during the exhibitions, and discussed the possibilities of the proposed system. A preliminary evaluation shows how shape-changing displays are perceived by users, which establishes not only the potential benefits but also highlights the concerns that several users have raised. Through this study, we aim to contribute to the design of remote monitoring systems by providing a novel approach for displaying clinical data that consider the richness of the physical world. In today’s information-driven society, we should not just focus on how abstract data are collected and analyzed, but also on how it can be presented and incorporated into our daily lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical talks are a staple of post-medical school education, but the effectiveness of these lectures can be quite variable. One significant reason for this is that while physicians and trainees are well trained at presenting information to one another, they have little to no formal training on giving hour-long medical didactics. Focusing on four specific categories including creating a strong first impression, effective use of PowerPoint, impactful delivery of information, and thorough preparation a physician at any stage in training can become a strong presenter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how a video game player’s sense of being in a game world (i.e., spatial presence) is impacted by the use of a virtual reality head-mounted display (VR HMD). Research focused on VR (as realized with the use of HMDs) has fallen by the wayside since the early 1990s due to the limitations in the technology. With modern reimagining of VR HMDs, there is now an opportunity to reexamine the impact it has on gaming experience. This article explores the results of an experiment in which university students played video games using either a VR HMD or a standard monitor while playing a first-person shooter video game. Control interface was also manipulated between incomplete tangible mapped devices (Razer Hydra) and directionally mapped devices (mouse and keyboard). Results indicated that VR HMDs have a positive impact on a players’ level of spatial presence and feelings of controller naturalness. Controller naturalness also impacted spatial presence regardless of display condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional materials equipped with strong spin–orbit coupling can display novel electronic, spintronic, and topological properties originating from the breaking of time or inversion symmetry. A lot of interest has focused on the valley degrees of freedom that can be used to encode binary information. By performing ab initio time-dependent density functional simulation on MoS2, here we show that the spin is not only locked to the valley momenta but strongly coupled to the optical E″ phonon that lifts the lattice mirror symmetry. Once the phonon is pumped so as to break time-reversal symmetry, the resulting Floquet spectra of the phonon-dressed spins carry a net out-of-plane magnetization (≈0.024μB for single-phonon quantum) even though the original system is non-magnetic. This dichroic magnetic response of the valley states is general for all 2H semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenides and can be probed and controlled by infrared coherent laser excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel 2D/3D desktop virtual reality hybrid user interface for radiology that focuses on improving 3D manipulation required in some diagnostic tasks. An evaluation of our system revealed that our hybrid interface is more efficient for novice users and more accurate for both novice and experienced users when compared to traditional 2D only interfaces. This is a significant finding because it indicates, as the techniques mature, that hybrid interfaces can provide significant benefit to image evaluation. Our hybrid system combines a zSpace stereoscopic display with 2D displays, and mouse and keyboard input. It allows the use of 2D and 3D components interchangeably, or simultaneously. The system was evaluated against a 2D only interface with a user study that involved performing a scoliosis diagnosis task. There were two user groups: medical students and radiology residents. We found improvements in completion time for medical students, and in accuracy for both groups. In particular, the accuracy of medical students improved to match that of the residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]