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Traffic control through video/image processing is a trending research topic within Intelligent Transportation Systems. The number of moving vehicles, the density of vehicles at the junctions, traffic anomalies, and traffic flow directly influence real-time traffic congestion. The primary goal of this work is to design an architecture that is simple and fast enough to use in real-time heterogeneous traffic scenes. The proposed methodology uses user-defined zones for determining vehicle occupancy and count based on traffic surveillance video. The angular integral projection function accompanies the background subtraction method for better localization. Traffic anomaly detection is implemented by incorporating intelligent sensor technology. Also, the skipping of frames at fixed intervals has increased the processing speed with minimal data loss. The compatibility with any Internet Protocol camera further distinguishes this approach from other state-of-the-art methods. The proposed algorithm has been tested on a publicly available traffic surveillance video dataset and real-time surveillance feeds. Experimental results from the real-time intersection scenes show an overall accuracy of 97.14% and an average processing speed of 92.91%. The accuracy of the detection module in the custom-made dataset is 98.73%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid increase in the private and public vehicles fleet causes urban centers heavily populated with limited transport road infrastructure. To overcome this, in real-time scenarios, queue length-based traffic light controllers are being designed utilizing light-weighted S-Edge devices. This system suffers from starvation problems if a road lane at the intersection continuously receives vehicles during peak hours. With this, higher green phase duration can be allocated to the same-lane multiple times despite vehicles on the other lanes' longer waiting time. To tackle this problem, an efficient and smart edge computing (S-Edge)-driven traffic light controller is proposed by accounting the real-time heterogeneous vehicular dynamics at the fog computing node. The fog node executes the proposed fuzzy inference system to generate phase-cycle duration. Further, to allocate the phase duration effectively, a method for estimating the lane pressure is proposed for the edge controller utilizing average queue length and waiting time. S-Edge is a light-weighted actuated traffic light controller that generates traffic light control cycle duration and phase (red/yellow/green) duration. To validate the S-Edge controller, a prototype is developed on an Indian city OpenStreetMap utilizing the low-computing power IoT devices, i.e., Raspberry Pi, and a well-known open-source simulator, i.e., Simulation of Urban MObility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban mobility is one of the critical challenges in modern cities that should be tackled carefully. The exponential growth of cars number badly impacts the transportation system (TS) on which most cities are living on. Traffic control is one of the most critical issues in TS, which depends on a set of cooperative traffic lights. Smart Traffic lights, which can receive and analyze traffic data, can solve traffic problems by efficiently predict the accurate waiting time for each traffic lane at the intersections. This can improve the traffic flow and accordingly promotes the transportation system performance. This paper introduces a Fog-Based Traffic Light Management Strategy (TLMS) based on Fuzzy Inference Engine. TLMS can accurately calculate the optimal waiting time for each traffic lane at the intersections to decrease the average waiting time for the stopped vehicles. TLMS applies Vehicle to infrastructure protocol (V2I) that allows vehicles to interact directly with the infrastructure of the road such as GPS sensors and the traffic light signals. At each traffic intersection, the number of waiting vehicles, their locations relative to TLMS, and their sizes are detected and sent to TLMS in real time. Then, based on fuzzy inference, TLMS can calculate the optimal waiting time for each lane, which optimizes the traffic flow at the intersection by minimizing the waiting time for the vehicles. The performance of the proposed TLMS has been compared and tested against recently proposed techniques via simulation. The results of the experiment showed that TLMS outperforms recent technologies as it minimizes the average waiting time of vehicles around the intersections and accordingly maximizes the performance of the traffic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the population increasing so high, and traffic density remaining the same, traffic prediction has become a great challenge today. Creating a higher degree of communication in automobiles results in the time wastage, fuel wastage, environmental damage, and even death caused by citizens being trapped in the middle of traffic. Only a few researchers work in traffic congestion prediction and control systems, but it may provide less accuracy. So, this paper proposed an efficient IoT-based traffic prediction using OWENN algorithm and traffic signal control system using Intel 80,286 microprocessor for a smart city. The proposed system consists of '5' phases, namely IoT data collection, feature extraction, classification, optimized traffic IoT values, and traffic signal control system. Initially, the IoT traffic data are collected from the dataset. After that, traffic, weather, and direction information are extracted, and these extracted features are given as input to the OWENN classifier, which classifies which place has more traffic. Suppose one direction of the place has more traffic, it optimizes the IoT values by using IBSO, and finally, the traffic is controlled by using Intel 80,286 microprocessor. An efficient OWENN algorithm for traffic prediction and traffic signal control using a Intel 80,286 microprocessor for a smart city. After extracting the features, the classification is performed in this step. Hereabout, the classification is done by using the optimized weight Elman neural network (OWENN) algorithm that classifies which places have more traffic. OWENN attains 98.23% accuracy than existing model also its achieved 96.69% F-score than existing model. The experimental results show that the proposed system outperforms state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driverless automatically guided vehicles are becoming a new trend in transportation envisioned in a smart city environment. Automatically guided vehicles depend on environmental data for executing target-oriented navigation and movements. The traffic knowledge can be used by automatically guided vehicles by measuring their intensity and delivery date in the green light. Therefore, considering sensor data's significance in this guided vehicle environment, this article presents the Internet of Things (IoT) assisted automated guided vehicle (IoT-AGV) scheme. IoT-AGV scheme discusses the implementation of an autonomous vehicle traffic control program at crossings. The traffic knowledge operator is ready to retrieve details from the sensor utilizing quick communication through a mobile network to measure optimum travel time and transmit the information collected to automated cars. In an automated guided vehicle (AGV) scheme, the automotive-into-loop model is introduced to eliminate delays. Error indicator integrates various hurdle imbalance statistics calculated from the sensor based on the road slide. A deep neural network focuses on a minimal collection of the most critical features, eliminating the fitting problem. This aids determine the error producing sensor data and alleviate them from fusion to enhance the target's accuracy. The experimental results show that the suggested system has been validated by the images from BIT vehicle datasets and enhances the accuracy ratio of 96.22% to measure optimum travel time and transmit the information collected to automated guided vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional transportation system is based on a fixed-timed strategy to control the traffic congestion on urban roads. However, the increase of vehicle density in a smart city implies the variation and the conflict on the demand pattern of the drivers. The smart city development requires to create an efficient control plan for an intelligent traffic management system. In this paper, we aim to reduce the congestion at signalized intersections, and satisfy the needs of drivers according to their degree of displacement urgency. We use two optimization methods, namely the synchronization and the genetic algorithm (GA ), where we develop three scheduling protocols. The first is the intelligent context-aware negotiation protocol (ICANP ). This protocol allows the negotiating vehicles to cross the intersection. It enables each traffic light at the signalized intersection to negotiate the green time assigned to its phase. ICANP uses GA to optimize the crossing time in order to minimize the total waiting time of negotiating vehicles. Moreover, we introduce a negotiation protocol based on reputation, which minimises the congestion effect from incoming dishonest drivers. Finally, we propose an intelligent context-aware priority protocol (ICAPP ), that considers the existence of priority vehicles. Upon arrival of at least one priority vehicle at the signalized intersection, ICAPP interrupts the green time of negotiating vehicles. A series of simulation showed that the proposed protocols reduce the total waiting time and the emissions of CO 2 of vehicles at signalized intersection, in comparison with circular, ITLC and CATLS scheduling algorithms. Furthermore, formal complexity analysis and performance evaluation show the effectivity of our protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancement in technology causes the rise in smart systems. City authorities want to make their cities smarter by making an intelligent decision at real time without the involvement of humans. Monitoring and controlling city traffic is one of the major challenges faced by the authorities. These days, city traffic is monitored by static network cameras deployed on few places of highways. Most of the vehicles are also equipped with cameras to store the videos as a black box. However, monitoring and controlling city traffic by using these thousands of cameras produce an overwhelming amount of high-speed videos, which is challenging to process at real time. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a system to control city traffic by identifying illegal traffic behaviour, such as illegal U-turn, through continuous monitoring of city traffic. The continuous city traffic is monitored by the network static cameras placed on the road as well as by all the vehicles' cameras. An architecture is proposed to handle high-speed vast volume of real-time videos efficiently. For that, the two-level parallelism is achieved with the combination of Hadoop and graphics processing unit (GPU) while processing each frame using parallel environment of Hadoop and each block of a frame using GPU. MapReduce Hadoop programming paradigm is not suitable for real-time processing. Thus, we proposed a parameter calculation algorithm that is equivalent to MapReduce mechanism for image processing while dividing the images/frames into fixed-size blocks. We analyzed the city road traffic, which is collected by static cameras placed on various roads and also by vehicles' cameras while running on the road. Later, the illegal traffic behaviour are recognized, e.g. illegal U-turn, drunken drive, zig-zag drive, over-speed, etc. Finally, the efficiency of the designed system and algorithms are tested by considering the overall running time and system's throughput with respect to video duration as well as the number of frames. The findings indicate that the proposed architecture with GPU-based algorithm over the Hadoop system perform extraordinary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic congestion is a major mobility problem, which generates enormous economic resources and causes serious problems for the most dense of cities. Intelligent transportation systems based on vehicular ad-doc network (VANET) communications will improve many services, expressively, related to transport, security, reliability, management and including the assistance in the reduction of traffic congestion. In this context, we propose an intelligent system based, firstly, on a new clustering technique to control and maintain the stability of routes during inter-vehicular communications, and secondly, a bio-inspired systematically conducting mobility measurement of agent, intervening in cases of traffic congestion, in order to find new routes to those offered by the global positioning system. Obviously, by providing an appropriate route selection process, such routing concept could be helpful in exchanging control messages to inform the nearest medics willing to give first aid and routing of another alert to the nearest ambulance. Thus, in order to deal with these sophisticated optimization techniques, we evaluate in this article means of simulation experiments. According to that, we have anticipated particular incidents suitable to estimate the pertinence of the proposed system. The analysis and implementation in VANET will be based on three simulators, especially, SUMO, MOVE and NS2. The results prove the effectiveness of the approach by reducing fuel consumption and $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ emissions along with the rest of pollutant emissions in the case of an incident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]