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Non-singular Kruskal-like coordinates of some black holes space-times in f (R) gravity are presented in this research paper, and are also removed by establishing Kruskal-Szekeres coordinates for Non-extremal case. Carter-like coordinates can also be built for its extreme case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin films of [Co(0.3 nm)/Ni(0.6 nm)]4, 10 multilayers (MLs) stack were deposited on Si and glass substrates using DC magnetron sputtering. The magnetic stack layers were deposited under various conditions such as (i) without using any under layer (referred as-prepared film) (ii) with Cu under-layer (iii) with in situ annealing of Ta/Cu under-layer (iv) with in situ along with post annealing of overall magnetic stack. The as prepared [Co(0.3 nm)/Ni(0.6 nm)]4 films deposited on Si as well as on glass substrate exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) as per magnetization measurements at room temperature. Inserting Cu under layer to this magnetic stack helps to enhance the coercivity (HC), saturation magnetization (MS) and the squareness [MR/MS] of the films in comparison to as-prepared MLs. Thin films of MLs with in-situ annealing of Ta/Cu, further enhance the value of MS and Sq in comparison to as-prepared and with Cu-under layer MLs. Even though the HC, MS and squareness [MR/MS] of M-H loop of post annealed films are comparable to the films prepared under other three conditions, the PMA was observed only in the latter case. Additionally, on increasing the number of magnetic bi-layers of the stack from 4 to 10 i.e. [Co (0.3 nm)/Ni (0.6 nm)]10, it is observed that the magnetic property parameters such as HC, MS and Sq were enhanced along-with exhibiting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). The observation of PMA in these films may be due to the growth of Cu along (111) direction and Co/Ni (111) crystalline orientation, as demonstrated by XRD pattern and the topography analyses by AFM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromosomal INstability (CIN), a hallmark of cancer, refers to cells with an increased rate of gain or loss of whole chromosomes or chromosome parts. CIN is linked to the progression of tumors with poor clinical outcomes such as drug resistance. CIN can give tumors the diversity to resist therapy, but it comes at the cost of significant stress to tumor cells. To tolerate this, cancer cells must modify their energy use to provide adaptation against genetic changes as well as to promote their survival and growth. In this study, we have demonstrated that CIN induction causes sensitivity to metabolic stress. We show that mild metabolic disruption that does not affect normal cells, can lead to high levels of oxidative stress and subsequent cell death in CIN cells because they are already managing elevated stress levels. Altered metabolism is a differential characteristic of cancer cells, so our identification of key regulators that can exploit these changes to cause cell death may provide cancer-specific potential drug targets, especially for advanced cancers that exhibit CIN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the parent compound of adenosine and well known as a powerful vasodilator. To investigate the effect of ATP on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral vessels, (15)O-water positron emission tomography (PET) studies were performed to evaluate changes in CBF and blood volume before and after ATP administration. Methods: Ten healthy young volunteers underwent (15)O-water PET scans under the conditions of baseline, 3 and 1 min after ATP continuous infusion. CBF values in cortical regions of the bilateral middle cerebral arteries and basal ganglia were obtained for each subject. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was applied for analysis of regional changes. Physiologic parameters, such as blood gas and blood pressure were also measured. Results: Cortical CBF showed no significant change after continuous infusion of ATP compared with the baseline. Dilatation of major vessels induced by ATP was visualized on SPM analysis. Heart rates increased and mean blood pressure decreased during ATP administration while blood gas data showed no changes between the different conditions. Conclusions: Intravenous ATP administration caused dilatation of major cerebral vessels but no significant change in CBF under normoventilation and decrease in systemic blood pressure, indicating that this no change in CBF under vasodilatory effect of ATP may be caused by cerebral microvascular autoregulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light scattering is a fundamental property that can be exploited to create essential devices such as particle analysers. The most common particle size analyser relies on measuring the angle-dependent diffracted light from a sample illuminated by a laser beam. Compared to other non-light-based counterparts, such a laser diffraction scheme offers precision, but it does so at the expense of size, complexity and cost. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a new particle size analyser in a collimated beam configuration using a consumer electronic camera and machine learning. The key novelty is a small form factor angular spatial filter that allows for the collection of light scattered by the particles up to predefined discrete angles. The filter is combined with a light-emitting diode and a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor array to acquire angularly resolved scattering images. From these images, a machine learning model predicts the volume median diameter of the particles. To validate the proposed device, glass beads with diameters ranging from 13 to 125 µm were measured in suspension at several concentrations. We were able to correct for multiple scattering effects and predict the particle size with mean absolute percentage errors of 5.09% and 2.5% for the cases without and with concentration as an input parameter, respectively. When only spherical particles were analysed, the former error was significantly reduced (0.72%). Given that it is compact (on the order of ten cm) and built with low-cost consumer electronics, the newly designed particle size analyser has significant potential for use outside a standard laboratory, for example, in online and in-line industrial process monitoring., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestP.A.M. and V.P. are inventors of US Patent US9857300B2, Apparatus for measuring light scattering (2018). The remaining authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s) 2020.)