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The paper presents aspects regarding the structure, themes and content of graduation papers in the specialization of Industrial Design within Petru Maior University of Târgu Mures.

Pigments with special effects are nowadays utilized in the graphic engineering and design to achieve an added value of the final product. Daylight-invisible, UV-visible fluorescent pigments can be used as markings, sensors, as well as special design or security feature. Red and green UV-visible fluorescent pigments used in this experiment were mixed in the transparent base and screen-printed using the 60 l/cm mesh on the white uncoated paper, by applying different number of printed ink layers: one, two and three. Prints were then subjected to the accelerated ageing in a weathering chamber. Ink layer thickness and colorimetric properties of the unaged and aged prints were analyzed. Microscopic and macroscopic images of the prints were taken before and after the ageing process do assess the subjective visual difference between the unaged and aged samples. Results of this research have shown that one printed layer of the ink had inadequate visual response of fluorescence because of the effect of the optical brighteners in the paper. Higher number of the ink layers on print displayed better fluorescence effect and improved light fastness compared to the print obtained by applying only one ink layer. Results of the colorimetric measurements, as well as microscopic and macroscopic images, displayed the objective and subjective differences in the color appearance of the unaged and aged prints. Thereby, results of this research provided the guidelines for usage of the special-effect UV-visible fluorescent inks in applied graphic design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, using the blending (Coons) method, we generate some families of free-form surfaces feasible in civil engineering, industries of airplanes, ships, automobiles, industrial and artistic objects, scientific researches and others. The possibility of designing free-form surfaces with the aid of computers has led to new methods for defining surfaces of the following types: Bezier [3], spline [3], Shepard [13], blending (Coons and Gordon) [8], [3] and others.

The paper presents the authors’ contributions for developing a computer code for teaching of descriptive geometry using the computer aided learning techniques. The program was implemented using the programming interface and the 3D modeling capabilities of the AutoCAD system.

The paper presents some mechanisms used for generating simple or complex curves. The mechanisms are shown in different positions and for some special curves the demonstrations are performed.

The paper presents aspects connected with the application of the principles of the experiential learning theory in engineering education, in teaching graphical subjects. The experiential learning theory presents the process of learning as being cyclical, with four stages - experience, reflection, abstract conceptualization and experimentation, each stage being related to a certain learning style. The paper intends to outline aspects on ways that would help students to develop appropriate learning styles and also, would help to improve student learning, by gaining experience continuously and transforming it into knowledge. The applications presented are focused on applying the experiential learning theory in engineering education, in teaching technical drawing.

This paper introduces the methods of teaching subjects of drawing geometry and 3D modeling used in the High Aviation Academy in Belgrade. These courses are attended in the first year of basic vocational studies of the Department of Aeronautical Mechanical Engineering. The paper will present the objectives of studying subjects, learning outcomes, auditory exercises, as well as learning through the work of students.

The pressure on a horse's back can affect their performance during the equestrian competition. A better pressure distribution on the surface of the horse's back can be obtained using a custom saddle, considering the rider's weight and back anatomy. The first part of the paper presents a recent study regarding the mathematical and CAD methods used to generate the hyperbolic paraboloid of the saddle surface. The second part of the paper shows the saddle design modelled using CAD software. The horse's back and rider's anatomy stay at the base of the saddle's surface. The saddle surface is divided into several areas for a better and more accurate evaluation. The third part of the paper presents the saddle evaluation using the finite elements method, using two load simulation cases in different rider situations. The improved shape of the saddle and conclusions are shown in the last part of the paper.

This paper explores the impact of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the photographic design process. In the context of rapidly evolving technology, AI applications have become increasingly prominent in various fields, including the photographic industry. This study examines how advanced machine learning and image processing algorithms can improve and simplify creative processes in photography. The main issues addressed include the use of AI in automatic image selection and editing, automatic identification of relevant subjects and generation of artistic effects. These technologies bring not only efficiency but also an increase in the quality of the final results. The paper also highlights the ethical issues associated with the use of AI in photographic design and the importance of human control in these automated processes. The study draws on current research in AI and photography, examining practical applications of existing technologies and exploring future prospects. The results indicate that the intelligent integration of AI into the photographic design process can bring significant benefits, but it is essential to consider ethical issues and maintain a balance between human creativity and automation.

The idea of this paper was developed in our minds by seeing a lot of things which could be transformed, to create friendly objects for the people. To create and build a sensory design means to have a lot of inventiveness, to learn about the psychological and physiological challenges. It is about the senses of human being to communicate with others and, of course, with the environmental world. We have agreed that the most important things are touch and sight. In this paper we have developed a few objects which are in accordance with the term of sensory design. We have learned interesting information about sensory design from other authors and we have presented a few of their creations.

In the context of the new directions concerning resource reuse and energy efficiency, the use of meteoric waters represents a sustainable solution in urban development. This paper presents modular tanks designed for the retention and infiltration of meteoric waters. These modular elements not only fulfil the requirements of circular water economy, but also enhance efficiency during implementation. The paper highlights the applicability of modular tanks in both residential and commercial complexes, demonstrating their sustainability in diverse settings. Additionally, the authors stress how important it is to be skilled in manipulating 2D and 3D spatial structures for realizing the geometric design of these modular tanks.

This paper has tried to explain the importance of the general and special principles in logo design. The study was realized on a lot of logos to understand when a designer could use the principles to create wonderful graphic representations. It is about symmetry, asymmetry, proportion, rhythm and harmony, substitution, juxtaposition, using different geometric shapes, lines, curves, silhouettes and stylizations, mirror and illustrative representation and so on. We have explained how to use graphic representations in some fields of activity and to choose the best symbol for a company/university etc. And, of course, it was a significant part about the redesign working. This paper presents a few interpretations and conclusions concerning the design principles applied for logos.

This paper examines the integration of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies in architectural design and building systems. It explores their evolution, benefits, and limitations, citing case studies like the One World Trade Center. VR and AR are shown to enhance collaboration, visualization, and decision-making in design. However, challenges such as hardware limitations and content creation complexity persist. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for ongoing innovation and collaboration in leveraging VR and AR to shape the future of architectural practice. Overall, it offers valuable insights into the transformative potential of these technologies in building design.

This paper has tried to answer to a question: Is it important to use signs, symbols and pictograms to create a graphic and visual language, to communicate between people all over the world? And the answer is YES and will be explained in this paper. These graphic representations can be found in universities and schools, hospitals, airports, museums, libraries, network communication, business centres etc. But why are they so important? Because they inform, guide, allow, prohibit or warn depending on the situation. In our actual world visual communication without written language has become necessary. The main direction of the study was to present/design signage maps, as training models using signs, symbols, colours and pictograms.

Due to the increasing population density in metropolitan areas, architects have focused on high rise building designs that combine architectural considerations with functional requirements. The optimal design of the building shape in the case of wind interaction can be determined using the CFD evaluation method. This study uses the CFD analysis method to analyse the airflow around a new high-rise building. The first part of the paper presents a comprehensive overview of the state of the art regarding the building shapes used and the main simulation method. In the second part of the paper, the buildings model is created using dedicated CAD software. Two simulation cases are being prepared with two wind flow situations at 15 m/s velocity. In the third part of the paper, the results of CFD analysis of the buildings group model are presented. The conclusions of this evaluation are shown in the last part of the paper.

Car mechanics are exposed to high-temperature discomfort in a repair workshop during their daily work. This work studies thermal comfort in auto workshops by determining the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PDD (Predicted Percentage dissatisfied Index) according to the actual standards. The first part of this work presents the current stage of the method for determining thermal comfort by applying a computational fluid dynamics method. The second part of this paper presents the modelling of the internal volume of the repair workshop and the existing work components. In the third part of the paper, the boundary conditions for thermal comfort are created for two cases: in the first case, the heating radiators are opened, and the cooling system works in the heating regime, and in the second case, the heating radiators are closed, and the ventilation system works in the cooling regime. In the final part of the work, the results and conclusions of this study are presented.

This paper approaches the role of Origami Art role in teaching Descriptive Geometry to students, future builders. Using the Art of Paper Folding in the application classes of Descriptive Geometry, we demonstrate that the acquiring of knowledge and skills in educational practice is complemented by the development of creativity, imagination, Aesthetics and team spirit. Origami turned into a source of inspiration for first-year students majoring in Civil, Industrial and Agricultural Construction to build a demountable assembly made of modular origami elements. The element is a modular triangle, made from a rectangle with a side ratio of 1:v2 known as the "Harmony Gate". The construction is original and executed on several levels, from white and colored A4 paper, whose density equals 80 g/m2. The number of origami elements used is calculated by a mathematical formula.

This paper examines ROVER-type systems, aimed at transporting human crew for research on other planets, and the development of such a prototype using additive manufacturing technologies. A classification of these technologies is presented. The main aim of the paper is to develop a prototype of the ROVER system at scale, to highlight its main features, and to use this type of additive manufacturing technology during its life cycle, thus benefiting from the realization of parts, sub-assemblies and assemblies. Several conclusions distinguish the main points of the paper and future objectives of the study.

Additive manufacturing is a technology used in a wide range of industrial applications, from the digital model to the final physical production and often testing of parts. In this paper a radio-controlled airplane model was designed, analysed in terms of aerodynamic performance, and manufactured using the thermoplastic filament extrusion process. The preliminary aerodynamic analysis resulted in a maximum lift coefficient of about 1 corresponding to a drag coefficient of 0.058. This paper deals with the description of the additive manufacturing procedure of the radio-controlled model components and, finally, the assembly procedure of the whole model. At the end it can be stated that the thermoplastic extrusion process can be successfully used for the manufacture of radio-controlled model airplane or scale model airplane for the purpose of determining aerodynamic performance and conducting tests in wind tunnels or during flight.

The paper presents the design of a paraglider airfoil with superior flight characteristics, which provides safety, comfort and is easy to maintain by the user. The aerodynamics of paraglider airfoil are complex because they involve unstable turbulent three-dimensional airflows over flexible and deformable limits. The main improvement of the paper is the increase of the lift/drag ratio obtained by modifying the aerodynamic profile in the area of the leading edge, according to the "shark nose" model, and adding a reinforced structure in the flight edge to maintain the ideal shape of the aerodynamic profile at different angles of attack. The paper presents aerodynamic calculations, on a lifting surface of the paraglider airfoil that respects the NACA 2412 profile, made with a MathCAD program through which the coordinates of the profile were obtained at any point. The Paratailor 9 software was used to generate the paraglider model. The structural evaluation of the recreational paraglider model that meets the wishes of the current buyers is also presented.

The aerodynamic evaluation of vehicles body structure represents a significant stage in a car body design, having a considerable implication in fuel reduction and an increased vehicle stability on the road. The aim of this paper is to determine the aerodynamic coefficient, illustrating the airflow streamlines around the body of a VAN and reducing the aerodynamic coefficient by adding air deflectors to the vehicle body structure. The starting point of the CFD aerodynamic study is represented by the determination of the air flow regime around the vehicle body, followed by the determination of the aerodynamic coefficient and the lift coefficient for the base model of the vehicle. In the second stage the reduction of the aerodynamic coefficient is done by adding the air deflectors in the rear side of the vehicle. The aerodynamic study is performed for each vehicle model separately, resulting three simulation cases at a 25, 35 and 45 m/s velocity. The last part of the paper presents the conclusions of the obtained results and the strong and weakness points by using the CFD simulation in vehicles aerodynamics evaluation.

Traditionally, the product design has been based on physical experiments using different prototypes. Nowadays, the evolution of the computers has an important effect on the product design, it is based on the computer software from the conception phase. This paper presents an aerodynamic evaluation of a motorcycle helmet model using CFD simulation methods. The beginning of the evaluation includes the current state of the art regarding the computational methods for evaluate the aerodynamic performance of the motorcycle helmet, followed by the mathematical approach applied in this paper establishment of the airflow regime. Another part of the paper presents the CAD design of the motorcycle helmet modelled in five variants and performing the CFD simulation at 33.34 m/s airflow velocity for each helmet variant. The resulted aerodynamic force and the aerodynamic coefficient for each simulation model are discussed in the third part of the paper. The end of the paper presents the conclusions of this aerodynamic study, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of using the CFD simulation to establish the helmet aerodynamics.

From the oldest times football, it has become a social phenomenon, being the most famous sport on the planet. Currently in the develop of football infrastructure is necessary to include related and direct activities such as: soccer coach, mass-media, stadium building, etc. Technological progress had also imposed itself on this game area, researching of the new materials and the manufacturing methods for the soccer ball. In this paper is presented the comparative aerodynamic CFD study of three types of ball: smooth sphere ball, Tsubasa and Pelada ball at three air velocity cases. In first part of the paper are presented the state of the art regarding the ball aerodynamics. The second part highlight the forces that act on the ball surface when it is shot by the player and the mathematical k-e standard turbulence model applied in this study. In the third part are establish the airflow regime by calculating the Reynolds number for each velocity case and the boundary conditions and the CFD simulation are done. The results are presented in the fourth part of the paper, comparing the obtained values for each simulation case. The conclusions and discussion regarding this study are presented in the last part of the paper.

The Proposition 4 from the 11-th volume (called Book of Lemmas) of „Great Books of the Western World” (printed in USA in 1952) presents the properties of a remarkable curve from Antiquity. This curve was studied by Archimedes, who called it Arbelos and it looks like a shoemaker's knife. It consists of 3 semicircles. The first part of the paper is dedicated to the description of an original mechanism, conceived to plot the above-mentioned curve. It is made of a rotating driving element and two dyads of RRR type. The curve plotted by the mechanism checks the equality of areas described by Archimedes. He proved (by using geometric reasonings) that the area of a circle whose diameter is equal to the height of the right triangle inscribed in the Arbelos curve’s big semicircle is equal to the Arbelos curve’s area. In the second part of the paper, the authors modified the mechanism’s parameters and obtained 3 particular cases of Arbelos curves. These particular curves, plotted with the modified mechanism, are also composed of 3 semicircles whilst exhibiting other equalities between areas. The authors used geometric reasonings to prove the equality between the area of each particular curve and the area of a circle whose diameter is equal to the leg of a right triangle inscribed in the big semicircle of the studied particular curve.

This paper is about very interesting elements found in the daily life: signs, symbols and pictograms. From the sunrise till sunset, the people is surrounded by these things which may help to have an easier life. We have learned a lot about the capacity of these elements to act as a main guide, using many times just graphics. We have understood that signs, symbols and pictograms must catch the people`s attention. These ones have to guide, allow, warn or forbidden something, inform or assure the final destination for a traveler. We have identified the typology of these graphic representations and the working process to create pictograms. Some findings and results are explained in the paper.

The paper presents an interlocking system designed to fix and hold together the panels of a modular house. The house modules are flat square panels, almost identical, which need to be hold using a locking system. The locking system is a simple, but solid construction, capable to resist to repeated assembling and disassembling operations. It consists of some linkage mechanisms and a ratchet; it is hand-powered in order to ensure a fast mounting of the panels. In this paper are presented all the steps necessary to be followed and the restraints of the design process.

Pigments with special effects are nowadays utilized in the graphic engineering and design to achieve an added value of the final product. Daylight-invisible, UV-visible fluorescent pigments can be used as markings, sensors, as well as special design or security feature. Red and green UV-visible fluorescent pigments used in this experiment were mixed in the transparent base and screen-printed using the 60 l/cm mesh on the white uncoated paper, by applying different number of printed ink layers: one, two and three. Prints were then subjected to the accelerated ageing in a weathering chamber. Ink layer thickness and colorimetric properties of the unaged and aged prints were analyzed. Microscopic and macroscopic images of the prints were taken before and after the ageing process do assess the subjective visual difference between the unaged and aged samples. Results of this research have shown that one printed layer of the ink had inadequate visual response of fluorescence because of the effect of the optical brighteners in the paper. Higher number of the ink layers on print displayed better fluorescence effect and improved light fastness compared to the print obtained by applying only one ink layer. Results of the colorimetric measurements, as well as microscopic and macroscopic images, displayed the objective and subjective differences in the color appearance of the unaged and aged prints. Thereby, results of this research provided

This paper is focused to analyze a book cover using principles of advertising design, namely: conception unity, structure harmony, reception order, composition balance, contrast and hierarchy of information. The authors consider that a book cover is an advertisement because it has to realize the AIDA concept. It is about graphic design where the image and the title have an important role in selling a book. The target of the study (only a part of it is in the paper) was to answer to a few questions which will be defined in this paper. In our study we have identified a lot of different cover designs used by various publishing houses. We have analyzed the impact of colours, typography and scale to create order, balance and hierarchy to an adequate cover.

This paper aims to present the conceptual design of a sustainable regional aircraft. In previous studies, the hypothesis of this paper was determined: the purpose is to design a concept sustainable regional aircraft, propelled by electric engines powered with batteries, that can transport up to 18 passengers on distances of 1 000 km. The most suitable configurations for the wing and empennage are chosen and then modelled, according to the dimensions driven by the cabin size. The result is a 3D model of the concept aircraft that allows further studies into the feasibility and rate of success of such a project.

In the introductory part of the paper, general aspects related to tensegrity structures are briefly presented. Next is presented the principle model of the adopted tensegrity structure and the parameters used in its CAD modelling. The calculations included in the paper allow the determination of the axial forces in the wires of the structure and the conditions in which it retains its tensegrity structure character. Using a virtual model of the structure, corresponding to a set of modelling parameters, in the part dedicated to finite element analysis are determined both the axial force in the wires of the structure and the stresses in its other members. The end part of the paper contains observations and conclusions.

The paper presents aspects related to modern digital techniques used in communicating contemporary education knowledge under the COVID19 pandemic. The actual purpose of the paper is to present the way of working but also to make a comparative study between two modern digital variants of CAD knowledge communication that make use of videobook lectures and laboratory supports. The two digital variants studied in this paper are: knowledge communication using either sites such as https://sites.google.com/ combined https://www.youtube.com/ or Google ClassRoom. All comparisons are based on the actual case study of teaching computer-assisted graphic subjects at "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati. At the end of the paper are presented the advantages and disadvantages of each variant. The main results of this paper are that the main stages of work are clearly defined in each method chosen, but also the main conclusion, namely that the free version Google ClassRoom, together with the whole suite of related applications, is the best solution, compared to the method of professional presentation sites, for transmitting CAD-type knowledge by using videobooks made at times prior to the onset of the COVID pandemic 19. All these video books have been made during the last 6 years [1].

In the first part of the paper the authors reviewed some methods of representing the covering surfaces used in field of construction and architecture and their evolution according to the technical possibilities available to specialists in various periods of time. With the development of interactive 3D programs, the tools of representation and implicitly of design have experienced a huge leap. These were made using parameterization, ie the development of programs based on algorithms that, by the variation of parameters, automatically allow the modification of results. In this paper, the authors proposed several solutions for polygonal lattice

The aerospace industry and its accelerated development leads to new strategies that the airline companies must take into account to deal with the large number of passengers that pass through the airport daily. This paper addresses a current concern regarding aircraft passenger boarding time. Due to economical, social, operational or time reasons, both airports and airlines have interests in decreasing passenger boarding time. The boarding efficiency has been studied over the years and several reports have appeared in the literature. The aim of this paper is to propose a new approach of boarding which is closely related to a new redesigned concept of low-cost aircraft seats.

The functional and aesthetic composition of the technical concepts requires the use of specific methods of representation of geometric shapes through perspective images and axonometric representations. Applying these methods, the paper presents several exercises for representing some stairs within architectural constructions, as support in the acquisition of the geometric reasoning based on the symmetries of rotation and translation of the shapes that make up these volumes. The geometric and constructive examples analyzed in the paper help to form and develop the ability to see in space, this study being of particular theoretical and practical importance for design practitioners.

The paper presents applications developed for teaching descriptive geometry. The aim of the applications presented is the understanding of the basic elements of the descriptive geometry – the relative positions of a straight line and a plane and they are focused on the intersection of a straight line and a plane. These applications are ment to help the development and improvement of the space sight ability of the students such as to enable the understanding of the basic elements of the descriptive geometry – the straight line and the plane and their relative positions in space.

The paper provides an alternative to the traditional teaching method of a fundamental discipline which is “Descriptive Geometry and Technical Drawing”. Even though it brings no modification to the structural content, the teaching method was also adapted to online teaching with several adjustments taking advantage of the existence of open educational resources (OER), 3 D modelling software and using mixed teaching methods such as project based-learning and cooperative learning. It was concluded that by combining online educational materials with traditional place-based classrooms methods (blended learning) students gain autonomy and flexibility over their learning making the teaching process more efficient and accessible.

Methods for representing 3D space on a two-dimensional medium include parallel and central projection. Parallel projection is simpler to use, because lengths and angles are not deformed, and it is used at the beginning of geometry education. However, for a clearer visual perception of 3D space, it is more suitable to use the central projection (perspective), which shows the space as we see it. For students of architecture, it will be shown how Rhinoceros software can solve some problems within the primary course of Descriptive Geometry. The Rhinoceros desktop displays 3 orthogonal projections and a perspective view simultaneously. In the paper, it will be shown how the breakthrough problems of rounded solids can be solved more simply using the software Rhinoceros by teachers.

Vacant houses have become a severe social problem in Japan. The causes of vacant houses are diverse, but the lack of durability and the earthquake resistance of old wooden detached houses can be pointed out as a significant reason. The author has previously worked on renovating houses built in 1881 and 1989 that had become vacant. In 2022-2023, the author renovated a one-story wooden house built in 1937 and a storehouse structured in 1885 with a wooden frame and earthen walls. The conservation and rehabilitation of vacant homes are related to the design of the streetscape. This paper discusses the utilization of empty houses and urban design in Japan, focusing on the recent two cases.

Architecture connects science and art. Thus, the student from the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism manifests himself as a creative being, capable of accumulating new information from various fields related to architecture, processing them, capitalizing on them and finally, through the result of creation, enriching the built environment. In their projects, technical thinking and various constructive systems are used, which are based on the training of three-dimensional thinking through descriptive geometry. This paper presents how geometric knowledge is applied in various projects within the disciplines studied at the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Cluj-Napoca.

This paper explores the design of logos in the aeronautical field, especially for the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering from Bucharest. The article aims to identify a new image for the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering in order to create a corporate identity manual to illustrate the use of the new logo in different situations and environments. The perfect candidate to represent the institution will be decided based on a survey which measures the public's receptivity to 5 proposed variants for the logo.

At the outset of design projects, our approach typically involves receiving a brief that often presumes a solution. However, in people-centered innovation, our focus shifts from the object or product to the real-life situations and habits of individuals. This paradigm shift entails prioritizing the diverse experiences and contexts of our target audience. Our project teams embrace this perspective by delving into the actual experiences of users with the product. By understanding their desires, needs, and sensory encounters, we aim to offer solutions that resonate with their lived realities. This approach necessitates a deep dive into users' activities, aspirations, and genuine requirements. The paper's objective is to meticulously gather and address these needs, crafting design solutions that truly align with users' preferences and aspirations.

The paper presents some aspects of the evolution made by computer-aided design and the presentation of some common commands used in Inventor 2024. In addition, both the Any CAD import method and the transfer methods offered by the Autodesk Inventor Professional 2024 version are presented. At the end of the work, some results obtained using the educational versions downloaded for university users at the level of diploma or dissertation work are presented.

The paper presents the reverse engineering process for a chain sprocket using 3D scanning technology. First, a detailed 3D scan using an Artec Space Spider 3D scanner is made in order to generate the digital model. Subsequently, based on this model, the 3D modelling process is performed using specialized modelling software such as Artec Studio, Geomagic Design X, and Autodesk Inventor to recreate the geometry and features of the part. A 3D printing technology based on an Ultimaker S5 Pro printer is used to obtain a physical prototype of the part. This technology provides a practical and efficient solution in the reconstruction process of complex objects. The reverse engineering method is useful in different areas such as engineering, manufacturing and repairs, facilitating the reproduction or complete of missing essentials components.

This paper presents an exoskeleton mechanism designed to assist the locomotion of individuals with disabilities. The model is a walking biped mechanism developed within our research team, consisting of two identical kinematic chains driven by a single motor. The mechanism is modeled using SolidWorks for kinematic analysis and 3D printing purposes. Kinematic analysis is performed using Altair Inspire program to validate the functionality of the geometric model. Finally, 3D printing is performed to obtain a prototype of the robotic system, thus benefiting from the advantages of 3D printing technology, especially obtaining the component parts at a lower cost price compared to classical processing technology.

The paper presents a set of equations that stands to the basis of a computer program and to the software themselves, that offers to the user the possibility to automatic draw the arcs used to approximate the representation of a chamfer hexagonal prism. Also, the authors present the way to use software that generates the arcs that approximate hyperbolas resulting on a chamfered hexagonal prism.

Classical straight-line mechanisms are one of the most interesting, both from a theoretical and practical point of view. In many cases, those mechanisms frequently produce a nearly straight trajectory rather than one perfectly straight. In compliant form, those mechanisms can produce even better results. Compliant mechanism joints' deformability allows engineers to make further modifications. These modifications may improve the mechanism's ability to follow a straight path even further. This paper will provide an analysis of different hinge sizes, thicknesses, shapes, and overall geometrical characteristics. Their influence on the straightness of the mechanism trajectory will be analyzed and quantified.

In the territory of the former Yugoslavia, in the post-war period, numerous monumental sculptures, also referred to as "spomeniks" (monuments), were erected at various points, often in natural settings, to commemorate the People's Liberation War. Our focus in this paper is on one of them, the monument to the Kosmaj Partisan Detachment on mountain Kosmaj, near Belgrade. We examine the historical context in which the monument was created, directing the emphasis of the work towards the geometrical analysis of this object. We delve into the geometric elements of the monument, utilizing photogrammetry and descriptive geometry procedures. Through 'reverse engineering' based on the point cloud model and its orthogonal projections, we provide its idealized dimensions and plan.

The main function of the electro-hydraulic deforming equipment is the transfer and conversion of the electric energy into plastic deformation mechanical work. This complex process is characterized by a great variety of parameters (the shape and volume of the discharging chamber, the nature of liquid used for energy transfer, equipment characteristics etc.) having a direct influence on the processed workpiece. The paper proposes an analysis of the influence of these parameters on the geometric characteristics of the workpiece.

This paper presents a Descriptive Geometry’s new teaching method to increase students’ interest in studying graphics disciplines. A geometric software is use for describing the dynamic visualization of horizontal and lateral plane’ s rotation and improving students’ visual-spatial abilities. The results of descriptive geometry evaluation are presented as conclusions and show a positive influence of the studied teaching method.

This paper presents the manner of teaching, developing and continuously improving the chapter called “Ruled Surfaces with a Director Plane” taught to first-year students of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of Cluj-Napoca. The aim of this effort lies in making undergraduates familiar with the representation of various types of surfaces, while also developing the ability of space sight and stimulating creativity.