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Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) links together technologies that separate carbon dioxide (CO2) from fixed point source emissions and transport it by pipeline to geologic reservoirs into which it is injected underground for long-term containment. Previously, models have been developed to minimize the cost of a CCS infrastructure network that captures a given amount of CO2. The CCS process can be costly, however, and large-scale implementation by industry will require government regulations and economic incentives. The incentives can price CO2 emissions through a tax or a cap-and-trade system. This paper extends the earlier mixed-integer linear programming model to endogenously determine the optimal quantity of CO2 to capture and optimize the various components of a CCS infrastructure network, given the price per tonne to emit CO2 into the atmosphere. The spatial decision support system first generates a candidate pipeline network and then minimizes the total cost of capturing, transporting, storing, or emitting CO2. To illustrate how the new model based on CO2 prices works, it is applied to a case study of CO2 sources, reservoirs, and candidate pipeline links and diameters in California. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reviews the existing open literature concerned with pipeline steel corrosion in CO2-rich phase with impurities for carbon capture and storage purpose. The intent of this review was to provide information on the corrosion mechanisms, which is crucial for establishing the mechanistic prediction models. The primary focus was placed on key affecting parameters and their corresponding mechanisms, while the corrosion control strategies and research prospects are also discussed. This review covers the effects of: impurities, pressure, temperature, flow, exposure time, product layers, and steel chemistry. The influences of flow dynamics, amines, sulphur, and solids that had received little systematic attention need to be further addressed. Contradictory conclusions regarding the influence of H2O and O2on the corrosion rates should be re-evaluated. The localised corrosion and cathodic reaction mechanisms also require further investigation, especially under synergistic conditions with multiple impurities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activities are now responsible for the annual emission of some 31.6 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide, which contains 8.6 billion tonnes of carbon, causing the total atmospheric burden of CO2 to reach 400 ppm, above the Arctic, and 395 ppm globally. In order to mitigate the rise in CO2 concentration and ideally to reduce it, various methods for carbon capture and storage (CCS) have been proposed, also known as "carbon capture and sequestration". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]