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The home care workforce provides essential support for older people with dementia to live a life of fulfillment. " Enabling Choices," an evidence-informed conversation tool, aims to negotiate risk around everyday activities between home care workers, people with dementia and their informal carers. This paper describes tool conversion into electronic format and preparation for implementation throughout a large Australian health and aged care service provider, utilizing the Implementation Framework for Aged Care (IFAC). Using codesign principles, the tool was converted from paper-based to electronic format involving frontline, operational and Information Management Services staff, and people with dementia/carers. Focus groups and interviews identified tool acceptability, feasibility, and appropriateness. For implementation preparation, the wider socio-cultural-political context was mapped, and key questions of the IFAC addressed. Environment, workflow, and training requirements were determined, and strategies for behavior change ascertained. Numerous opportunities and challenges exist for the widespread upscale of an evidence-informed tool into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the 30-day emergency department (ED) return rate between patients given a Take Home Medication pack (THM) versus a standard paper prescription (SPP) prior to discharge. Methods: This was an observational, prospective cohort study in an urban, university-affiliated, level I trauma center. Patients were identified through daily pharmacy reports. Consecutive adult patients discharged from the ED with either a THM or equivalent SPP were included. For each patient, baseline characteristics including age, gender, primary care provider (PCP), primary language, ethnicity, marital status, and insurance status were recorded from the electronic medical record (EMR). Review of the EMR was used to determine whether patients returned to the ED within 30 days and whether the return visit was for all-causes or for the same complaint targeted by the THM or SPP from the index visit. Similarly, visits to other providers in the health system within 30 days were recorded. Results: A total of 711 patients were included in the study, with 268 receiving a THM and 443 receiving a SPP. In comparison with the SPP group, the THM group was more likely to have an all-cause return (Relative Risk [RR] = 1.7, P < .01). Variables associated with increased odds of returning to the ED within 30 days included study group (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 1.7), male gender (aOR: 1.6), African American ethnicity (aOR: 3.0), public insurance (aOR: 3.3), and institutional financial assistance (aOR: 5.0). The difference between study groups for index visit complaint-specific returns was not significant. Conclusions: Patients receiving a THM demonstrated a higher all-cause return rate than patients receiving a SPP. A randomized study is needed evaluating the effect of THM on return ED visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the potential benefits of computer-based records have been identified in different areas of the healthcare environment, in many settings paper-based records and computer-based records are still used in parallel. In this article, emergency department (ED) staff perspectives about the use of paper- or computer-based records are presented. This was a qualitative study in which data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews with the ED staff. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and data were analysed using framework analysis. In total, 34 interviews were undertaken. The study identified a number of factors which might encourage or discourage the use of paper-based and computer-based records in the ED. Users also expressed their concerns and expectations. Although there is a tendency towards computerizing healthcare settings, user acceptance of technology should not be underestimated. To improve user acceptance, users' concerns should be investigated and addressed appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper unpacks the multi-level process through which hybrids generate value in the long term. By combining interviews, archival and survey data, we examine the longitudinal trajectories of value generation of public–private hybrids (PPHs) established in the regionalized Italian healthcare system (1992–2018). We identify three ideal-type trajectories: (a) long-term value generation by stable PPHs; (b) long-term value generation by transient PPHs; and (c) interrupted value generation by terminated PPHs. We uncover how these trajectories are shaped by the interplay between regional governance arrangements – i.e. institutionally embedded norms regarding who is entitled to generate value for the field, the scope for organizational value capturing and the institutional monitoring system – and organizational governance mechanisms – i.e. the strategic orientation of individual PPHs and their internal monitoring functions. Our paper contributes to theory by conceptualizing the mechanism of 'double filter', which we define as the set of field- and organizational-level governance compensatory mechanisms that, together, allow long-term value generation by hybrids. We also problematize the relationship between hybrids' value-generation capacities and the persistence of hybrid organizational forms, and ultimately trace it to different field governance arrangements. In so doing, we conceptualize 'transient hybrids' as a distinctive organizational form for long-term value generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitigating the impacts of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and substance use requires comprehensive and systematic thinking in designing interventions and developing policies. This study describes the growth of research publications from 1991 to 2021 in the Web of Science database and points out current research landscapes in the fields of HIV/AIDS and substance use. Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used for classifying 21 359 papers into corresponding topics. The most common topics were HIV transmission, HIV infection, quality of life and mental health of substance users, and the biomedical effect of substance use. Emerging research landscapes include vulnerabilities of people who inject drugs to HIV transmission and related health problems. This study found a lack of research on health services, interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral in combination with clinical evaluation and treatment services. Future investment and implementation of HIV/AIDS and substance use programs should focus on research of health services and clinical evaluation, especially context-specific interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MHCA mandates monthly reporting to the MHRBs of restraints imposed on the PwMI in the MHEs (Section 97). CB-MH services must be strengthened by effectively implementing DMHP and CB-MH services for ensuring the rights of PwMI to receive treatment in the least restrictive environment. Sir, The Mental Health Care Act, 2017,[1] was implemented in the country for ensuring the rights of persons with mental illness (PwMI).[2] Since its launch, it has been critiqued by the scientific community, highlighting its shortcomings and issues with implementation.[3]-[5] However, such critiques did not explicitly highlight the issues with the implementation of the MHCA in routine clinical discourse. [Extracted from the article]

Racial microaggressions are subtle and everyday actions that communicate derogatory messages or assumptions based on an individual's race. These seemingly minor acts, often unintended, can accumulate to undermine patient well- being and contribute to healthcare disparities. They are the unnoticed comments, gestures, or attitudes that carry significant impact. Through a systematic analysis of the literature, we highlight the insidious nature of racial microaggressions and their impact on healthcare outcomes. The objectives of this paper are to: * Present real-life instances from research to showcase the tangible effects of racial microaggressions. * Identify the everyday scenarios within healthcare inter- actions where racial microaggressions often occur. * Emphasise the need for recognition and understanding of these biases for fostering better patient-provider relationships. Also, by analysing the fundamental elements underpinning racial microaggressions such as systems, interactions, vulnerabilities and consequences, we explore the implications it has on healthcare policy and management. Most importantly, we address the importance of identifying and tackling racial microaggressions in order to create a more inclusive healthcare environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitigating the impacts of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and substance use requires comprehensive and systematic thinking in designing interventions and developing policies. This study describes the growth of research publications from 1991 to 2021 in the Web of Science database and points out current research landscapes in the fields of HIV/AIDS and substance use. Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used for classifying 21 359 papers into corresponding topics. The most common topics were HIV transmission, HIV infection, quality of life and mental health of substance users, and the biomedical effect of substance use. Emerging research landscapes include vulnerabilities of people who inject drugs to HIV transmission and related health problems. This study found a lack of research on health services, interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral in combination with clinical evaluation and treatment services. Future investment and implementation of HIV/AIDS and substance use programs should focus on research of health services and clinical evaluation, especially context-specific interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an examination of the methodological and theoretical perspectives of a study with an inquiry focus on the experiences and perspectives of staff who worked at an injectable opiate assisted (iOAT) clinic. Twenty-two staff members, including nurses, social workers, and peer support workers, were interviewed. The goal of the study was to uncover how the clinic staff provided care to the clients who attend the clinic, their perspectives on how the clinic program impacted both them and their clients, and their experiences with the program itself. This interpretive descriptive study was underpinned by critical social theory. Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify recurring, converging, and contradictory patterns of interaction, key concepts and emerging themes. In this paper we examine and discuss how the relationship between critical social theory and interpretive description enhanced the study. Examples from the study are presented to provide insight into the relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion paper on the dogma and innovation in the global control of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis has been a major concern for health care providers and many researches have been initiated and directed towards it. There should be collaboration between the advocates of the forms of therapy to develop combined approaches in controlling tuberculosis. An urgency for easily supervisable therapy supplemented by immunotherapy and other approaches are needed.

During the latter half of 1990 the Royal Air Force established a medical evacuation chain in support of the British First Armoured Division during Operation Granby (known as Operation Desert Storm in the USA). Medical contingency plans, formulated prior to embarkation from the UK, foresaw the need for five aeromedical staging facilities sub-deployed throughout the east of the Arabian Peninsula. The early days of the deployment found personiel busy with the construction of tented and hardened facilities and with the establishment of local operating procedures. Many problems were initially encountered, especially with supply, communications and in co-ordinating with collaborating coalition and host nation units. Nevertheless, progress was rapid and non-combatant operations were started within days of arrival. As the ground offensive became more imminent, traning took on a sense of urgency. Advanced first aid techniques were taught to all non-medical staff, whereas doctors, nurses and paramedical personnel were taught ACLS and ATLS skills. All studied field hygiene, the hazards of nuclear, chemical and biological warfare, casualty handling, battle psychology and the intricacies of loading and unloading various types of aircraft. By the start of the ground phase of the war the British evacuation chain was fully operational and capable of treating and transferring hundreds of casualties per day. In the event, only about 850 patients were transported down the evacuation chain during the conflict, and less than 10% of these were battle casualties. This paper presents an overview of the British aeromedical evacuation system and discusses, in more detail, the establishment and operation of the busiest aeromedical staging facility at Al Jubail in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the clubs for patients with hypertension which have operated effectively in parts of Croatia and Slovenia (Yugoslavia) for more than 15 years, with many thousands of patients enrolling voluntarily. Based on the principle of self-help, yet involving the regular participation of members of a patient's own primary health team, they increase compliance with long-term treatment regimens and improve the quality of life. Such programmes are capable of reducing the amount of time devoted by a medical practitioner while increasing the effectiveness of treatments. If they are to succeed, it is essential to ensure regular club meetings, social activities and encouragement to each individual member to find a role and to continue attending for as long as possible. A new life style and consequent benefits to health are obtained only through long membership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statelessness in Canada is an emerging site of inquiry with recent investigations into its causes and consequences, focusing on legislative and policy analyses and the lived experiences of stateless persons. Yet, health care experiences generally and access to mental and physical health care in particular remain under-researched. This study attempts to bridge this gap by examining how statelessness impacts physical health, mental health, access to health care services, and overall well-being. To answer these questions, we conducted semi-structured interviews with stateless or formerly stateless persons to understand their views and experiences. The study reports on negative health outcomes in four broad areas: The limited ability of stateless persons (SPs) to access health care. Mental health challenges. The failure to treat health issues until they have reached a dangerous point and the reliance on self-care strategies. The negative impact of lack of status on four social determinants of health: employment, education, housing, and food security. From these findings, the paper makes three arguments: Legal Status is a key determinant of health and lack of status leads to negative health outcomes. SPs heavily depend upon others for their life-needs, which can lead to exploitation and encourage forms of adaptive and negotiated agency. SPs in Canada experience a physical and mental liminality [a condition of uncertainty]. The paper concludes that Canada should recognize stateless individuals either as stateless or as Canadian nationals, and should implement a context-tailored institutional response to statelessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the operation of the South Atlantic Campaign for sovereignty of the Falkland Islands, involving human factors and air operations. The operation conducted by the Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine included consideration of the crew task in flight, duration and frequency of flights, unusual patterns of work and rest, and rest facilities. Thus, hypnotics were used to a great extent, as well as the provision of ensured adequate sleep under different circumstances.

The article discusses the development of treatment consent and clinical judgment on a psychiatric patient. This patient incompetency to receive medical treatment accounts from different factors which include his involuntary status, the doctor's responsibility to confine and treat him and his natural presumption of being mentally healthy. However, his freedom to decide against his medical interests attributes from a law stating a patient's decision for a medical treatment should not be hindered.

Objective: To illustrate visually the lifetime probabilities of the principal outcomes of the UK breast screening programme in a readily understandable format. Methods: We derived prognostic data from a modelling exercise using published effectiveness data and routine data sources. We calculated the probability that a woman will survive to the age of 75 if she chooses to participate fully in breast screening from age 50 to 64 and if she chooses not to participate. We also calculated her probability of being referred for assessment, undergoing fine-needle biopsy and undergoing open biopsy. We present these data in two alternative decision aid formats. These alternative formats illustrate visually the outcomes for 1000 women and 100 women choosing each alternative: breast screening or no breast screening. Results: A woman participating in breast screening from age 50 to 64 increases her chances of surviving to age 75 by 0.6%. She has a 21.8% probability of surviving to age 75 and being referred for assessment but no further investigation. She has a 5.7% probability of undergoing core biopsy and a 0.9% probability of undergoing open biopsy. This information can easily be presented visually. Conclusions: We can provide realistic estimates of the effects of the breast screening programme on mortality in a readily understandable format. If we wish women to make an informed choice about breast screening they must be given this information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) continue to experience significant delays in diagnosis and interventions. One of the main factors contributing to this delay is a shortage of developmental-behavioral specialists. Diagnostic evaluation of ASD by primary care pediatricians (PCPs) has been shown to be reliable and to decrease the interval from first concern to diagnosis. In this paper, we present the results of a primary care ASD diagnosis program in which the PCP serves as the primary diagnostician and leverages the infrastructure of the primary care medical home to support the child and family during the pre- and post-diagnostic periods, along with data on parental satisfaction with this model. Methods: Retrospective data from a cohort of patients evaluated through this program were analyzed to determine the mean age at diagnosis and interval from referral for evaluation to diagnosis. We used survey methodology to obtain data from parents regarding their satisfaction with the process. Results: Data from 8 of 20 children evaluated from April 2021 through May 2022 showed a median age of diagnosis of 34.5 months compared to the national average of 49 months. Mean interval from referral for evaluation to diagnosis was 3.5 months. Parental survey responses indicated high satisfaction. Conclusions: This model was successful in shortening the interval from referral to diagnosis resulting in significant decrease of age at diagnosis compared with the national average. Widespread implementation could improve access to timely diagnostic services and improve outcomes for children with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mindful Movement approaches have been a growing part of the Veterans Health Administration (VA). Innovations in tele-health technology had been an important initiative before the public health emergency to meet the needs of rural veterans as well as challenges in getting to a physical location for care. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated this transition to tele-delivery of many practices including mindful movement. This paper aims to share lessons learned from virtual delivery of mindful movement as part of clinical and well-being programs in VA. Benefits of virtual care discussed include the convenience and decreased travel burden; accessibility for adaptive movement options; translation to home practice; and shifting the emphasis to interoceptive skills-building supportive of self-efficacy for exploring and identifying safe movement. Important challenges are also identified such as technology related barriers; teachers trained to meet the need of offering adaptations for a heterogenous population and supporting interoceptive skill-building; and supporting both physical and psychological safety. Examples are provided of medical groups incorporating virtual mindful movement within programs for diabetes and pain care to further explore the potential benefit of these practices being integrated within the care itself, rather than as a separate practice. It is hoped that the lessons learned will provide support for Veterans and staff, and the wider health care community, in what they need to participate in virtual care that is high quality, accessible, and meets the needs for greater health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Radiotherapy is the main treatment modality in cancer. There is sparse knowledge on how patients with cancer experience their radiotherapy trajectory, and which factors might be associated with patients' experiences. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to explore how adults with cancer receiving radiotherapy evaluate the quality of their care, utilizing a patient-reported experience measure, and how patient- and service-related characteristics are associated with their evaluation. Methods: An explorative cross-sectional study using a self-completed questionnaire to assess patients' radiotherapy experiences was performed. Participants were recruited consecutively, within their last week of treatment, from two different hospitals in Norway from January 2021 to January 2022. Four hundred and eighty paper questionnaires were distributed to recruited patients, 240 at each hospital. Questionnaires were self-completed at home and returned by mail. The instrument person-centered coordinated care experience questionnaire (P3CEQ) was used. In addition to this, participants completed the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and The Sense of Coherence 13 scale (SOC-13). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, parametric tests, and unadjusted/adjusted linear regression models were estimated. Results: The study included 373 patients. Patients evaluated quality of care in terms of P3CEQ scores, with a mean score of 19.5 (standard deviation = 5.4). Lowest scores were identified in areas concerning person-centeredness and service coordination. There were no significant differences in P3CEQ scores between the younger and older groups. Having a partner and better SOC-13 scores were independently associated with the overall patient-reported experience score, whereas age was not. Conclusion: Patient-reported experience scores indicate that improvements are needed in some areas, such as informing and involving patients in the planning and coordination of their care. Findings suggest paying special attention to patients without a partner to offer patients the best possible care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even before the word pandemic reentered the lexicon, pressures stemming from institutional and technological change challenged policymakers and provider organizations to rethink core features of the manner in which we deliver healthcare. This essay introduces a special issue devoted to the consequences of change on the healthcare sector's varied stakeholders. It does so in the context of our eventual, post-coronavirus reemergence and a renewed interest in remaking the healthcare system in light of its obvious deficiencies. Towards that end, we introduce the five papers composing this special issue, each of which informs the ways that change actually transpires in healthcare organizations and systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at the various factors which should be considered for validation of results outcome given by the digital pathology systems for toxicological studies. It also highlights the advantages of digital pathology applications in health care and life sciences. The guidelines for validation of results outcome through digital pathology provided by the Digital Pathology Association have also been verified by the Society of Toxicologic Pathology.

A call for papers on topics related to patient-centric health care management in the age of analytics is presented.

The article presents information on the relationship between a doctor and a patient. The various rules for making sense of the patient's symptoms are of two types, namely constitution rules and regulation rules. The doctors should consider what the symptoms mean for the patient and the steps taken by the patient for the same. The problem facing the therapist in the diagnosis, is that there might be a difference of what the symptoms mean for the patient and what is understood by the therapist.

The article presents the author's views regarding complementary medicine which indicates approaches which are independent from modern scientific medicine, but work with such medicine in a broader context of health care delivery. The author says that it is necessary to promote an atmosphere of permissive legislation for the control and licensing of a broad spectrum of practitioners, if a consumer based health plan which includes complementary medicine is to be implemented.

The article focuses on the relation between epidemiology and experimental toxicology. The two disciplines look interlinked but they are different. In epidemiology, species investigated is the definitive species and the conditions of exposure to the chemicals are real. In experimental toxicology, test and control groups are defined and routes of treatment and doses are well established. Yet there are situations where both disciplines complement each other to help mankind.

The article discusses the cost and effectiveness of in vitro fertilization (IVF) technique in Great Britain. The development of IVF presents the providers of health care with several problems. Inequality of distribution will become a problem if the new technique would be taken up by the private sector. In the present financial climate of the country it appears that National Health Service funding will be available to meet the demand for IVF.

The author reflects on the role of physicians in providing medical care. The author elaborates a case study about the Arthur Conan Doyle, a physician and a fictional character who happened to be a genius. The author stressed that genius may have an infinite capacity for taking pains however, it does not apply to detective work. He believes that both the doctor and detective are scientist and artists who labor to solve mysteries for their own intellectual curiosity and for the benefit of others.

The article focuses on medical specialists. It says that patients are given an abysmally low standard of care by being given various prescriptions and by being referred to a narrow-minded specialist. It mentions that most of the costs of the British National Health Service are committed to specialist care although there are only few patients who need it.

The article describes some of the experiences involved in treating young adults with personality disorder in a residential setting through the medium of a therapeutic community at the Henderson Hospital in Surrey, England. It compares psychotherapy with sociotherapy. It discusses the pitfalls that complicate the normal processes of personality development and social learning. A description of personality disorder is given.

The article reports on clinical approaches to young disabled children in London, England. Many disabled children were victims of poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, rheumatic fever and chronic infections. These disabilities were acquired after a period of normal growth and development. In contrast, the disabled children have been affected from very early life, and therefore show multiple disabilities.

The article discusses on the practice of exercise therapy as part of the clinical management of patients who have undergone myocardial infarction (MI). A study that was conducted by a Swedish group on patients who exercised three weeks after infarction, confirmed the safety of the procedure and is considered a prognostic indicator of MI. It was found out that exercise can induce arrhythmia.

Background: Multimorbidity has emerged as a major challenge facing health services globally, which will place a substantial burden on health systems going forward. This paper seeks to estimate the association between multimorbidity and direct healthcare costs among older people in Ireland from a healthcare system perspective. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data on 8,447 community-dwelling adults aged 50 and over collected between 2009 and 2011 as part of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Multivariable generalised linear model regression, employing a log-link and Poisson family distribution, is used to assess the association between self-reported multimorbidity status and direct healthcare costs. Results: For the full sample, 21.20% reported having no chronic conditions, 27.39% had one chronic condition, and 51.40% had multimorbidity. After controlling for a range of socio-demographic and health status variables, we found that relative to those reporting no chronic conditions, one chronic condition was associated with additional average annual costs of €513 (95% CIs: 245, 781), increasing to €1277 (95% CIs: 942, 1612) for those with 6 or more chronic conditions. Relative to those reporting 2 chronic conditions, 4 chronic conditions were associated with additional costs of €411 (95% CIs: 106, 716), 5 chronic conditions with €591 (95% CIs: 214, 969), and 6 or more chronic conditions with additional average costs of €1006 (95% CIs: 641, 1371). Conclusion: This study finds positive and significant associations between the number of chronic conditions and direct healthcare costs and further highlights the potential economic benefits from preventing the onset and progression of multimorbidity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in augmenting healthcare is expected to grow substantially in future decades. Current research in medical AI focuses on developing, validating, and implementing point‐level AI applications in an ad hoc manner. To harness the full power of AI to improve the patient experience and outcomes at a societal scale, however, requires a gestalt shift—with a systematic understanding of AI in the context of healthcare—and so results in its widespread adoption. This translates to four pillars of incorporating AI into healthcare workflow, including physician buy‐in, patient acceptance, provider investment, and payer support (the "4Ps"). To achieve these 4Ps, it is imperative to design AI‐augmented healthcare delivery systems in view of (1) how physicians integrate AI into their clinical practice and (2) how patients perceive the role of AI in healthcare delivery. This will in turn boost provider investment and payer support. In this paper, we draw from the literature to discuss a series of research questions, including barriers to physician buy‐in and patient acceptance, transparency and disclosure, service design, and strategies for increasing AI uptake. We shed light on the principles of purposeful design for AI‐augmented healthcare delivery systems and propose a research agenda for operations management scholars to consider as they continue to strengthen their engagement with both healthcare professionals and AI developers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the alteration in health care model for elderly people in Great Britain. The need for the change in treatment approach emerged due to diminishing younger workforce and rapidly growing number of elderly people. The effectiveness of all advances in care for the elderly is undermined by government policies and particularly due to the ways of spending money.

The article offers information on how to select computer software package for health care professionals in Brighton Health District in England. A straightforward method has been described for applying users' own judgment to the computer software selection problem. Furthermore, it has found out that many uses can be found for the method.

The article discusses the criticism that the use of routine consultations as an efficient way of promoting prevention is an abuse of the role of doctors and an infringement of patient autonomy. It is said that the basis of the argument proposed in favor of general practice is on the assumption the purpose of medical activity is to lessen illness and prolong life.

The article presents abstracts of medical research. They include "A Roving Clinic: Community Outreach to Gay and Bisexual Men," by Jeffrey G. Miller, "Instructional Pamphlet for Condom Displays in Pharmacies," by Arlene Myers Davis, and "Parent Aides and Perinatal Coaching to Prevent Child Abuse in San Diego," by Gary L. Darmstadt.

The article focuses on the pitfalls of current health care screening programs in Great Britain. The history of audits of cervical screening programs in the country is being reviewed. The procedures of designing an audit and setting standards for it are discussed. It is emphasized that the shortcomings should be identified and accordingly the improvement plans should be implemented.

The article presents information on the disease eosinophilic cystitis. In eosinophilic cystitis, the bladder may be affected diffusely or in a localized form. It is often mistaken for a tumor. Sometimes the disease may be refractory to medical treatment. The use of azathiaprine and intravesical dimethylsuiphoxide has proved to be beneficial for adults.

The article focuses on a screening program designed to identify cervical cancer and to reduce the risk of death caused by cervical cancer in five Nordic countries. The program was proved beneficial as it was applied in a well organized manner on a wide target age range. The screening program reduced the incidents of cervical cancer in Iceland and Finland. Moderate to substantial reductions were noticed in Denmark and Sweden.

The article reports on the importance of constant vigil to maintain a high standard of surgical care. To ensure that the proposed operation is still appropriate and that the patient has considered any alternative management is even more important. This gives the patient another opportunity to discuss probable side-effects of the operation. Also, it is important on the part of the surgeon to see the patient before the premedication because it is the strongest safeguard against a wrong operation.

In today's online data-driven world, people constantly shed data and deposit digital footprints. When individuals access health services, governments and health providers collect and store large volumes of health information about people that can later be retrieved, linked and analysed for research purposes. This can lead to new discoveries in medicine and healthcare. In addition, when securely stored and de-identified, the privacy risks are minimal and manageable. In many jurisdictions, ethics committees routinely waive the requirement for researchers to obtain consent from data subjects before using and linking these datasets in an effort to balance respect for individuals with research efficiency. In this paper, I explore the ethical justification for using routinely collected health data for research without consent. I conclude that, not only is this morally justified but also that data subjects have a moral obligation to contribute their data to such research, which would obviate the need for ethics committees to consider consent waivers. In justifying this argument, I look to the duty of easy rescue, distributive justice and draw analogies with vaccination ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Every society has persons with illness who do not have any family support. Taking care of such uncared-for patients requires a well-structured system providing medical, psychological, emotional, and rehabilitory support. The first ever rehabilitation ward among government hospitals in Tamil Nadu was created at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital (RGGGH), Chennai with the motto of "Caring for the uncared for." This paper highlights the organizational structure, functionality, profile of patients admitted, challenges faced, and the outcome of patients admitted in the rehabilitation ward. Methods: A retrospective study was done on the "untended" patients, who were admitted in the rehabilitation ward at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital (RGGGH), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from December 2020 to June 2022. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and outcome of the patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 201 adults with physical disabilities or mixed physical and psychiatric disabilities were admitted for intensive rehabilitation. Common medical illnesses included orthopedic disorders in 80 (39.8%), followed by neurological illness in 43 (21.4%) patients. The median length of stay was 50 (24.5-103.5) days with longest stay of 447 days. Of those patients who recovered, 54 patients (26.9%) reunited with family and returned home and 125 (62.2%) patients were sent to old age homes/asylums. Conclusion: A dedicated ward for untended patients is the first of its kind in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Such a venture has proved to be of benefit, considering the positive outcome in a significant proportion of the beneficiaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multimorbidity is likely to be a significant contributor to ill health and inequality in South Africa and yet has been largely overlooked. Purpose: This paper focuses on the findings of a recent large study that highlighted emerging issues - namely (i) the high levels of multimorbidity among three key groups - older adults, women, and the wealthy; (ii) discordant and concordant disease clusters among the multimorbid. Research Design: Narrative. Study Sample and Data Collection: Not applicable. Results: We discuss the implications of each emerging issue for health systems policy and practice. Conclusion: Although key policies are identified, many of these policies are not implemented and are therefore not part of routine practice, leaving much space for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) is a novel healthcare research methodology that has increasingly been applied in the healthcare domain. The method has an ability to map and model everyday healthcare activities and their interdependencies, as well as, demonstrate how variability can emerge and impact system outcomes. To build a FRAM model, researchers gather data from key stakeholders, such as health care workers and patients and their families using qualitative data collection methods. An important consideration for researchers using the FRAM is how they will establish trustworthiness in their study findings given the data used to build and analyze a FRAM model can be subjective. In the spirit of advancing the quality of qualitative research, the aim of this paper is to provide practical guidance to researchers on how to employ quality enhancement criteria and strategies in their qualitative research efforts so that the resulting FRAM models and insights afforded by them are trustworthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The military in Latin America has been extensively involved in pandemic relief operations. This paper analyses the impact of militarization of pandemic relief operations on human rights. It argues that not all militarization is equally harmful to individuals in the region. When troops assume responsibilities regarding medical care and logistical support, human rights violations do not follow. When involved in policing the stay-at-home orders, the extent of human rights violations is explained by the level of operational autonomy the military has in public security operations. The more autonomous the military, more likely abuses are to occur. Additionally, military exposure to judicial prosecution for human rights offenses contributes to the explanation. After gathering original empirical evidence from 14 Latin American democracies on military presence in pandemic relief, we draw our inferences from process tracing on four comparative case studies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and El Salvador. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In a recent paper a working group set up by the Lay Advisory Committee of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (RCPE) had looked into the problems of patients with severe communication difficulties in hospital (J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2017; 47: 211-3). The present online survey expands on this with the objective of garnering the views of physicians on this matter. Method An invitation aimed at physicians to complete an online survey was made through the recently published paper. The survey was open between September and December 2017. Results There were 83 completed surveys. A total of 69 of the returns were UK based, with the remainder from Asia, Australia, Africa and non-UK Europe and one unidentified location. The majority (44) were consultants, the remainder included those in core medical training, general practice and psychology. A wide range of medical departments were represented in the returns, with the largest returns coming from care of the elderly and acute medical departments. Four key themes were highlighted by responders: time, training, resources and environment. Conclusion Based on these results, the working group have embarked upon the next phase of the project with three main tasks: firstly, to work with the RCPE to disseminate the survey findings to a wider audience; secondly, to collate the detailed suggestions for improvement to be used alongside the survey findings and any subsequent documentation or advice; thirdly, to formulate with the RCPE a strategy to promote good practice in hospitals related to the experiences of patients with severe communication difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Karolyn A. Kerr and colleagues on data quality in healthcare, one by Grace I. Paterson and colleagues on topic maps, and one by Farhaan Mirza and colleagues on healthcare professionals.

Enhancing user and provider experience are central tenets of value-based healthcare. Gaining access to personal and distinct experiential knowledge is the first stage of an experience-based codesign (EBCD) approach, underpinning the second stage of codesigned improvement: the codesign itself. This state-of-the-art review synthesised the evolving scope and nature of methods to gather experiential knowledge reported in the EBCD literature. Fifty-three of 64 (83%) scholarly EBCD articles reviewed were published since 2017. Methods are evolving to promote inclusivity of diverse user groups and move more rapidly to codesign. However, omitted steps in the methodology undermined fulfilment of core principles of the EBCD approach which may diminish its value as an accepted form of codesign. Experiential knowledge is crucial for designing user-centred health care. The challenge lies in making healthcare experience methods accessible. This review provides guidance on key steps in the first stage of the EBCD approach and modifications that may overcome barriers while upholding core principles and meeting the objectives of the inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]