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A unique fluorescent sensing probe for UO22+ detection was fabricated with terbium-based metal organic frameworks via introducing specific recognition sites (denoted as Tb-TDPAT). The newly formed Tb-TDPAT presented remarkable detection sensitivity and selectivity towards UO22+, surpassing the need for complex post-modification methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is important for human health and environmental protection due to its high toxicity, carcinogenicity and persistence, but developing a sensor to selectively detect Cr(VI) remains challenging. Here, we proposed a selective fluorescent sensor for Cr(VI) detection using cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) modified N-doped carbon dots (N-CDs–CTAC) synthesized via a post-modification strategy. Specifically, the introduced CTAC molecules could self-assemble into micelles for encapsulating fluorescent N-CDs, causing the aggregation of N-CD particles and then displaying enhanced fluorescence emission owing to the aggregation-induced emission effect. Moreover, the positively charged CTAC can interact with negatively charged Cr(VI) in the form of an anion (Cr2O72−), boosting the ability of the selective recognition of Cr(VI). Thus, a N-CDs–CTAC fluorescent probe was designed to selectively monitor Cr(VI) with an ultralow detection limit down to 40 nM, and was further used for Cr(VI) detection in real environmental samples. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of N-CDs–CTAC by Cr(VI) was attributed to dynamic quenching. The proposed assay opens an avenue for the selective detection of Cr(VI) in the environmental monitoring field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a versatile dual-functional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrate has been fabricated for the on-site detection of pesticide residues both on the surface and in solution with minimum or no sample pretreatment. The PDMS sponge was fabricated using white granulated sugar and soft white sugar as pore-forming reagents. Later, multiple rounds of Ag NP deposition were performed by incubating the PDMS sponge in the Ag NP solution with the help of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). The highest SERS enhancement was achieved through 2 rounds of Ag NP deposition. Under optimum conditions, with Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as the probe molecule, the limit of detection (LOD) reached 2 femtomoles (20 μL at a concentration of 100 pM). The analytical performance for potential on-site applications of the substrate has been demonstrated with pesticide-spiked agricultural products taken as examples. Without sample pretreatment, the pesticide triazophos and methyl parathion were successfully detected by swabbing on the fruit surface with LODs of 0.79 ng and 1.58 ng, respectively. In addition, the lowest detected concentrations of triazophos and methyl parathion in fruit juice were found to be 100 ppb and 1 ppm. More importantly, the PDMS sponge SERS substrate can be safely stored for 36 days without affecting its SERS activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although superhydrophobic porous membranes are considered to be very promising candidates for oil–water separation, their fabrication methods often involve complicated treatments to build a coating with micro/nano-features on a porous mesh (called “coating on a mesh structure”), which can lead to weak mechanical stability of the superhydrophobic surfaces and the formation of inhomogeneous membrane pores. Herein, we report a facile and environmentally friendly 3D printing approach to fabricate superhydrophobic membranes with an ordered porous structure for oil–water separation using hydrophobic nanosilica-filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ink. The addition of nanosilica can improve the mechanical strength of the ink and thus ensures the formation of desired topographical structures without the risk of collapsing during 3D printing. Through adjusting the geometrical parameters, a superhydrophobic PDMS membrane was obtained, which mainly depended on the roughness at the sub-millimeter scale. More importantly, the 3D printing approach described herein integrated the superhydrophobic surface into the porous framework and resulted in a mechanically durable superhydrophobic membrane, which successfully avoids the weak interface adhesion issue that arises from the traditional “coating on a mesh structure.” Moreover, the pore size of the printed membrane could be easily adjusted via a computer program to optimize both the liquid flux and separation efficiency of the membranes. The maximum oil–water separation efficiency (∼99.6%) could be achieved for the printed porous membrane with the pore size of 0.37 mm, which also exhibited a high flux of ∼23 700 L m−2 h−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SERS optrodes were used to “fish” aqueous drops from superhydrophobic surfaces. The technique led to an improvement of 2–3 orders of magnitude in the lowest detectable amount of the Raman probe nile blue A, reaching 25 fg (34 attomoles). Further tests run on samples containing pesticide revealed that 20 pg of triazophos could be clearly detected from a single drop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate, capable of extracting small amounts of organic species from surfaces of different types of materials with variable roughness, has been fabricated. The substrate consists of Ag NPs encapsulated in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels, commonly known as PVA “slime”. Unlike traditional SERS substrates, such as colloidal suspensions, the resulting PVA slime SERS substrate presents good viscoelasticity, allowing it to conform to the surface of various materials of arbitrary roughness. Surfaces of different materials, including sandpapers, cotton, metal, and wood, previously contaminated with nile blue A (NBA) were analyzed with the PVA slime SERS substrate. Limits of detection (LOD) as low as 100 ppb (0.79 ng in a total amount on an area of ∼3 cm2) were achieved for all surfaces tested. Pesticides and Sudan red III on the glass surface have also been detected, with a LOD of 1.6 ng per ∼3 cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unique fluorescent sensing probe for UO 2 2+ detection was fabricated with terbium-based metal organic frameworks via introducing specific recognition sites (denoted as Tb-TDPAT). The newly formed Tb-TDPAT presented remarkable detection sensitivity and selectivity towards UO 2 2+ , surpassing the need for complex post-modification methods.