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Summary Background No prospective trial-based data are available for incremental cost-effectiveness of drug-eluting stents (DES) compared with bare-metal stents (BMS) in unselected patients, as treated in everyday practice. Methods The Basel stent cost-effectiveness trial (BASKET) included 826 consecutive patients treated with angioplasty and stenting for 1281 de-novo lesions, irrespective of indication for angioplasty. Patients were randomised to one of two DES (Cypher, n=264; Taxus, n=281) or to a cobalt-chromium-based BMS (Vision, n=281) and followed up for 6 months for occurrence of major adverse cardiac events and costs. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. The primary endpoint was cost-effectiveness after 6 months, with effectiveness defined as reduction of major adverse cardiac events. Findings Cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularisation occurred in 39 of 544 (7·2%) patients with DES and 34 of 280 (12·1%) with BMS (odds ratio 0·56, 95% CI 0·35-0·91; p=0·02), without significant differences between the two DES. Total costs at 6 months were higher with DES (mean &z.euro;10 544, SD 6849) than with BMS (&z.euro;9639, 9067; p<0·0001); higher stent costs of DES were not compensated for by lower follow-up costs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of DES compared with BMS to avoid one major event was &z.euro;18 311, and costs per quality-adjusted life-year gained were more than &z.euro;50 000. Subgroup analyses showed that DES were more cost-effective for elderly patients in specific high-risk groups. Interpretation In a real-world setting, use of DES in all patients is less cost effective than in studies with selected patients. Use of these stents could be restricted to patients in high-risk groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]