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Aims and objectives: This review aimed to demonstrate the self‐care behaviours of first‐generation Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease in western countries and identify related cultural factors. Background: Self‐care is the cornerstone to mitigate disease symptoms and maintain health status. Chinese immigrants to western countries, operating within a cross‐cultural context, may find self‐care to manage their cardiovascular disease challenging. Design: An integrative review was conducted. Methods: Seven databases were searched Scopus, ProQuest Health & Medicine, Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), AMED (Ovid), PsycINFO and CINAHL, with output limited to peer‐reviewed studies published from 2000 to 2020 in English or Chinese. Initially, 2037 papers were screened. Six papers were retained and critiqued using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Deductive and inductive approaches were utilised to analyse the findings. The PRISMA 2020 checklist informed review reportage. Result: In general, Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease took an active role in management of their cardiovascular disease, including through diet and activity adaptation and adherence to western medication. Families also played a significant role in disease decision‐making and management. However, language and cultural barriers impeded their access to health information and resources in host countries. Relevance to clinical practice: Understanding self‐care behaviours and associated cultural factors among Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease is important to improve nurses' culturally sensitive practices and provide tailored health education interventions to promote self‐care behaviours among immigrant populations. The scarcity of literature on self‐care behaviours among Chinese first‐generation immigrants with cardiovascular disease indicates the need for further research in this area. Development of culturally and linguistically sensitive health resources and education programs is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To discuss Ethiopian food taboos during pregnancy and their relation to maternal nutritional status and pregnancy outcomes. Background Recent waves of migration have seen large groups of Ethiopian refugees moving to countries around the globe. This is of concern as Ethiopian women are at risk of a number of medical and pregnancy complications. Health is further compromised by poor diet and adherence to cultural food beliefs and taboos. In refugee women, many of these factors correspond with significantly higher rates of pregnancy complications and poor birth outcomes. Design This is a discussion paper informed by a literature review. Methods A search of the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Academic Search Premier databases for the keywords Ethiopian, pregnancy, food and taboos was conducted in the research literature published from 1998-2015. This time is contingent with Ethiopian migration trends. Results Ethiopian migrant women are at risk of inadequate nutrition during pregnancy. Risks include cultural factors associated with food taboos as well as issues associated with low socioeconomic status. Consequently, Ethiopian women are more likely to have nutritional deficiencies such as anaemia which have been associated with a range of pregnancy complications. Conclusions There are many serious consequences of poor diet during pregnancy; however, most of these can be avoided by greater awareness about the role of nutrition during pregnancy and by adopting a balanced diet. Relevance to clinical practice There is an urgent unmet need for nutrition education among Ethiopian women. Research indicates that Ethiopian women are receptive to nutritional advice during pregnancy and also that pregnant women are generally motivated to act in the baby's interest. These factors suggest that this high-risk group would be amenable to culturally appropriate nutrition education, which would provide much-needed meaningful support in pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives To investigate African Caribbean women's subjective accounts of stroke and how this impacted on their lives and identify beliefs attributed to the causes of stroke in this post stroke. Background In the UK, those from African or African Caribbean ethnicity are at an increased risk of stroke, and stroke risks are double that of the UK White population. This is because diabetes and hypertension are more common in those of African and African Caribbean ethnic groups. The main risk factors for stroke are high blood pressure, alongside obesity and overweight, poor diet and lack of physical activity. Design A qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Methods Data were collected via semi-structured indepth interviews for six African Caribbean women. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to deconstruct the data and facilitate developing themes. Results Six semi-structured interviews were completed with women aged 47-85 years. Two themes emerged (1) the role of lifestyle and biological risk factors linked to the causes of stroke and (2) the role of spirituality, in identifying the lay beliefs and causes of stroke. Conclusion Alternative explanations of the causes of stroke that include witchcraft, or wishing someone wrong suggests a lack of perceived control over stroke. This may suggest a focus on less visible risk factors such as hypertension, familial history or diabetes and will need inclusion in health promotion materials. Lay beliefs such as witchcraft can co-exist amicably alongside modern medicine, as long as they do not hinder access to medication, treatment or risk factor management of stroke. Relevance to clinical practice The results demonstrated that nursing care and health promotion materials should emphasise on obesity, overweight and management of these through diet and physical activity to prevent stroke occurring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To explore the effects of type 2 diabetes on British-Pakistani women's identity and its relationship with self-management. Background Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent and has worse outcomes among some ethnic minority groups. This may be due to poorer self-management and an inadequate match of health services to patient needs. The influence that type 2 diabetes has on British-Pakistani women's identity and subsequent self-management has received limited attention. Design An explorative qualitative study. Methods Face-to-face semi-structured English and Urdu language interviews were conducted with a purposively selected heterogeneous sample of 15 British-Pakistani women with type 2 diabetes. Transcripts were analysed thematically. Results Four themes emerged: Perceived change in self emphasised how British-Pakistani women underwent a conscious adaptation of identity following diagnosis; Familiarity with ill health reflected women's adjustment to their changed identity over time; Diagnosis improves social support enabled women to accept changes within themselves and Supporting family is a barrier to self-management demonstrated how family roles were an aspect of women's identities that was resilient to change. The over-arching theme Role re-alignment enables successful self-management encapsulated how self-management was a continuous process where achievements needed to be sustained. Inter-generational differences were also noted: first generation women talked about challenges associated with ageing and co-morbidities; second generation women talked about familial and work roles competing with self-management. Conclusions The complex nature of British-Pakistani women's self-identification requires consideration when planning and delivering healthcare. Relevance to clinical practice Culturally competent practice should recognise how generational status influences self-identity and diabetes self-management in ethnically diverse women. Health professionals should remain mindful of effective self-management occurring alongside, and being influenced by, other aspects of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives This study explored how Jordanian nurses experienced the transition from home to host country to illuminate the elements of transformation. Background Much research has been conducted on topics such as the current international nursing shortage and the recruitment of nurses from various countries. International nurses have unique needs with regard to adapting to new host cultures and workplaces; furthermore, the literature has revealed little evidence of nurses' professional and personal experiences related to migration. Design A qualitative study was conducted, collecting data via individual interviews. Methods Twenty-five face-to-face and telephone interviews with Jordanian migrant nurses. Result This study showed that living and working in a host country changes the personal, social and professional attributes of migrant nurses. When nurses migrate, they encounter opportunities and significant challenges in their professional and personal lives. Although Jordanian nurses contributed their knowledge and skills to the UK healthcare system, they encountered enormous professional adaptation demands. Work setting discrepancies between source and host country are likely a major element behind the required nursing profession alteration. nurses' lives are transformed in terms of their personal and social networks in the host country. Conclusions Social transformation is an integral and inseparable part of engagement with professional organisation(s) in the host community. Professional integration likely has far-reaching effects and consequences involving not only the individual but also their home and host country families and their professional networks. Relevance to clinical practice To provide high-quality nursing care, we must learn about the transformation experience, expand our sense of who we are and gain a degree of control over how we perform our nursing roles when we move away from our home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary The study aimed to examine the occurrence and type of mental illness stigma that exists in the Greek culture., One hundred and eleven individuals who viewed themselves as belonging to the Greek culture completed a questionnaire that measured different types of stigma and their level. These people lived in either England or Greece., Overall, the Greek people sampled in our survey were found to possess medium-high level of authoritarian attitudes (the view that people with mental illness are inferior) and a moderate level of social restrictiveness (the view that they should be restricted and carefully controlled in society). The results also found a high 'benevolence' score, which indicates that they are also sympathetic to people with mental illness. Greeks educated in England (instead of Greece), who were more religious, who had less knowledge about mental illness and less personal experience of mental illness were most likely to hold stigmatizing attitudes., The results - which support previous research - show that Greek people are sympathetic towards the mentally ill but nevertheless feel the need for them to be closely controlled in society. This means that more work is needed to help minimize negative attitudes among Greek people., Abstract Mental illness stigma negatively affects the lives of individuals with mental health disorders. Studies have indicated that the type and degree of stigma significantly varies across cultures. This study aimed to add to this body of knowledge by examining the prevalence and the type of mental illness stigma among individuals who identified themselves as Greek. It also examined the influence of a range of potential within-culture stigma moderating factors, including levels of previous experience with mental illness and mental illness knowledge. A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed, and 111 participants living in England and Greece were sampled through the snowball sampling technique. Stigma prevalence was measured using the ' Community Attitudes to Mental Illness' questionnaire. The findings revealed that participants showed a high degree of sympathy for people with mental illness but also considered them to be inferior and of a lower social class, and needing strict societal control. Higher stigma was significantly associated with being educated in England (instead of Greece), higher religiosity, lower knowledge levels and lower levels personal experience of mental illness. Targeted antistigma campaigns specifically tailored for the Greek culture are required in order to help reduce stigmatizing attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To ascertain the socio-cultural meaning and consequences of tuberculosis among people of Somali origin living in the UK. Background. In countries where treatment has not been readily available, tuberculosis has become highly stigmatized. Research in Somalia has documented the stigma and social isolation associated with tuberculosis which acts as a powerful deterrent to sufferers acknowledging their illness. The Somali community in the UK is diverse and dynamic: little is known about how tuberculosis is understood, or how stigma is articulated and experienced post-migration. Design. A focused ethnography was undertaken. Method. A total of 48 individual interviews were undertaken in 2008-2009 with community leaders, Somali community members and tuberculosis patients to explore the social meaning of tuberculosis and perceived consequences of the disease. Eight focus groups were undertaken involving 56 participants. Vignettes concerning tuberculosis were used to prompt discussion of community norms and socio-cultural constructions of tuberculosis. Data were analysed using the 'Framework' approach. Findings. Most participants were familiar with tuberculosis, its characteristics and treatment. However, many participants held misconceptions about how the disease spread and its prognosis. Tuberculosis was perceived as a stigmatizing disease. Somalis with tuberculosis were considered likely to experience felt and enacted stigma with fear of discrimination in the form of social isolation influencing the extent to which people with tuberculosis disclosed their condition. Conclusion. Nurses should understand the socio-cultural meaning and consequences of tuberculosis for Somalis to educate the community through public health initiatives and support patients and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]