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This paper will analyze, using policy paradigm theory the evolution of a market oriented energy policy paradigm in the United Kingdom with some analysis of how this effects UK energy foreign policy toward Russia. Policy paradigm theory, based in the work of Peter Hall (1993) but further developed by Colin Hay, among others, will be applied to each country's energy policy making process. This paper will argue that the market oriented approach to energy policymaking in the UK has its roots in a conceptualization of energy as a sub-sector of the economy and that the way in which policy is devised and carried out, is firmly embedded within and facilitated by distinct local institutional arrangements, norms and ideas. This theory will be empirically tested using UK official energy policy documentation alongside a limited number of interviews. Lastly, this paper will point towards some of the normative implications of the adoption of this paradigm and towards some of the contradictions and change which have most recently been occuring. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to provide a comparative analysis of state-Muslim relations in Britain, France and Russia by focusing on state-sponsored efforts to engage with and institutionalise moderate forms of Islam, compatible with the secular agenda of inter-conf ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper suggests a critical input into present thinking of friendship in IR. Interpretations of friendship vary from a quasi-anthropomorphic relationship between states in democratic security communities to an emotional attachment of the parties. There are also attempts to provide an analytic conception of friendship based on reciprocity and special relations between states, which is derived from an alternative to Hobbes’s understanding of human condition. In contrast, this paper does not try to conceptualize or offer an analytical interpretation of friendship. Instead, it examines the ways states enter into friendship (or simply use it) with each other. The paper draws on a number of friendship treaties concluded by early modern rulers and modern states (namely, Great Britain, Russia and United States). The focus on practices of friendship and on the habituation of self and other via friendship may bring into light the sides of international friendship (and even friendship per se) that might be incompatible with offered analytical conceptions. The argument that we make in this paper is that in addition to analytic and normative theorizing that pictures friendship as a relationship based on reciprocity and equality, friendship as practiced by the states also includes such features as hierarchy, social legitimation of inequality, assertion of power and sovereignty. The move that we make might help to fill the gap between skeptical views on friendship in IR and interpretations of friendship as virtuous and intimate relationship and to restore the plenitude of political friendship where its virtuousness does not overshadow its pragmatic or functional aspects. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

History demonstrates that actions of violent non-state actors are internationally consequential. Yet the question about the conditions under which violent non-state actors (VNSAs) can present a real challenge to great powers has been under-theorized. Pursuing a dual goal of theory building and theory testing, this paper conceptualizes “effectiveness” of violent non-state actors and discusses the extent to which great powers are vulnerable to violent non-state actors under different circumstances. Hypotheses are tested qualitatively and conclusions are based on examples drawn from two country case studies of Russia and Great Britain. Specifically, cases include medieval piracy, anti-imperial movements and mutinies, Fenians, the IRA, and revolutionary and anarchist movements. Findings show that VNSAs’ influence is more complex and extensive than suggested by mainstream IR literature. Specifically, depending on the extent of “slack” resources available to great powers, VNSAs can not only exacerbate great power decline but also can retard and arrest great power rise. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine selected major national defense industries in order to determine current trends, to project future developments and to explore the international security implications of defense industrial base changes. Scope: The defense industrial bases and government policies of the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, China and India will form the focus of the overview. The defense industrial base policies of the European Union will also be examined. Over-arching issues to be addressed: To what extent will the forces of economic and industrial globalization, international trade in armaments, and international cooperation in the development and production of armaments impact sovereign nation defense industries?Supporting case study: Two alternatives (selection to be made later): The multi-national (US, UK, etc.) development and production of the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF or F-35) or the pending USAF tanker replacement competition between the Boeing 767 (or other Boeing model) and the Airbus 380 (European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company) ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]