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To enhance the cost effectiveness of the distribution automation system (DAS), this paper proposes the immune algorithm (IA) to derive the optimal placement of switching devices by minimizing the total cost of customer service outage and investment cost of line switches. The reliability index of each service zone defined by the boundary switches is derived to solve the expected energy not served due to fault contingency, and the customer interruption cost is then determined according to the customer type and power consumption within the service zone. To demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed IA methodology to solve the optimal placement of line switches, a practical distribution system of Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) is selected for computer simulation to explore the cost benefit of line switch placement for DAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an alternative data envelopment analysis method to explore the efficiency, the resource allocation, and the benchmarks of the electricity distribution districts (EDD5) of Taiwan Power Company in 2003. Several empirical results are shown: 1) the EDDs covering the high-tech industry park are more efficient, on average, than ones involved in the nonhigh-tech industry park; 2) the EDDs located in urban areas outperform those located in rural areas; 3) the large-sized EDDs generally are more able to integrate their resources and to operate efficiently; 4) the benchmark-share measure shows that while small-size efficient EDDs can easily become benchmarks, large-size efficient EDDs are deemed as competitive niche players; and finally, 5) the effect on these EDDs merging their activities should be investigated to explore the possibility of increasing competitive advantage in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "318 Blackout Incident" at the Maanshan Nuclear Power Station on March 18, 2001, is considered to be the most serious event over the 24-year history of nuclear power generation in Taiwan. This paper simulates a special overvoltage phenomenon that occurred 4 h before the blackout event, which could have caused the incident. The simulation results almost coincide closely with the actual conditions recorded. We found two major low-frequency and ferroresonant overvoltages caused by the motors which acted as generators when they lost power supply, interacting with power-line capacitance and power transformers. Since overvoltages were present for a short period, the breaker insulation did not break down immediately but the defects were accumulated. A blackout eventually occurred 4 h later, when the power supplied to the 4.16-kV essential bus A changed over from the 161-kV system to the 345-kV system, due to damage in the incoming breaker insulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taipei Metro adopted the diode-grounded scheme for stray current collection in construction of its cross rail network. During operation of the network, a high rail-to-earth potential (Vrail) has been observed at the east end of the Blue Line (i.e., stations BL13-BL16). To find effective countermeasures, a series of field tests in a step-by-step development nature was conducted from 1999-2000, which led to the decision of disconnecting the impedance bond at Gil of the tie line so that the negative return current of the Blue Line cannot flow to the rails of the Red-Green Line, and vice versa (detailed in Sections 111-A and V-C). This decision was implemented through contract-out work in 2003. Since then, the Vrail has been lowered by almost half before disconnection. To gain the insight characteristic before the contract-out, numerical simulations were also conducted by simulating the multi-train and multisection features of the cross transportation network. The simulation results (for Vrail and stray current, or Istray) were consistent with the field-test results. This paper presents the design of these field tests and their test results in comparison with the simulation results, based on which the countermeasures for reducing Vrail and the present status after Vrail reduction at Taipei Metro are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the application of proposed under-frequency load shedding scheme with dynamic D-factors, i.e., load frequency and voltage dependent coefficients, of various dynamic load models to Taiwan power system. The load models adopted are 1) a single-motor dynamic model, 2) a two motor (one small and one large) dynamic model, and 3) a composite (static and dynamic) model. First, the dynamic D -factor values of these load models are determined by the actual analytical approach employed in Taiwan power system. Then, a single-machine model representing a multi-machine power system is utilized for validating the proposed load shedding scheme with derived dynamic D-factor values. Finally, time simulation results of load shedding applied to various load models are compared with field measurement data, which are obtained from Taiwan power system in the case of three-phase short circuit fault, to evaluate the effects of different load models on the proposed load shedding scheme, based on the restoration of system frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper derives two fuzzy financial profitability models, namely, a least cost solution model and a cost-benefit analysis model, to evaluate the fuzzy financial profitability of load management alternatives. A straightforward vertex parameters' fuzzy mathematics operation using the function principle is derived as an alternative to the traditional extension principle and is applied to evaluate a number of different financial decision indexes. Compared to the extension principle, the function principle is simple to implement and is conceptually straightforward. The geometric moments of the fuzzy financial indexes are established in order to determine their relative ranking as part of a decision-making process. The performances of the proposed fuzzy financial models are verified by considering their application to two practical load management programs in Taiwan, namely, a cooling energy storage air conditioner and a cogeneration project. These investigations not only confirm that the results of the fuzzy financial models are consistent with those of the conventional crisp models but also demonstrate that the proposed models are more flexible, intelligent, and computationally efficient compared to the extension principle fuzzy mathematics approach. The developed models represent readily implemented possibility analysis tools for use in the arena of uncertain financial decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the effects of rain on the performance of a Ka-band local multipoint distribution system (LMDS) in Taiwan. The rain distribution statistics, from 2-yr measurements with 1-mm temporal resolution and 12-yr measurements with a 1-h temporal resolutions, were analyzed. The rain-attenuation model that takes local rain effects is established statistically. These statistical data are used to analyze the performance of the LMDS in terms of its signal-to-interference (S/I) ratio, bit-error rate (HER), and channel capacity at various service distances. From the analysis, it is found that the light rain events induce better S/I for cellWar network service, because other base transceiver station (Hi'S) interference signals around the main BTS are likely to be blocked by rain. The probability that below the nominal value of the channel capacity, when there is rain fading without cellular interference, meets a margin of HER = 10-6 in a 6-km cell using quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation. However, when the cellular interference is presented, the effective BTS service distance greatly shrinks to 2-3 km. In summary, in a cellular network environment, as the cell coverage radius is reduced, the effective BTS service range will be correspondingly compressed, suggesting that the cellular interference is even more serious than the rain attenuation itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a practical case for safety assessment of bulk supply substations (BSS) and traction supply substations (TSS) in Taipei Rail Transit Systems (TRTS). For a substation grounding system to be safe, the maximum touch-and-step voltages should not exceed postulated safety criteria. The safety criterion in IEEE Standard 80 is defined in terms of permissible body current. The permissible body current is then translated into the permissible touch-and-step voltages. Since the mesh voltage is usually the worst possible touch voltage inside the substation (excluding transferred potentials), the mesh voltage is used as the safety criteria. In other words, safety assessment of an ac substation grounding system in TRTS is referred to a procedure by which the mesh and step voltages are computed and compared to the maximum permissible (safe) touch-and-step voltages. Computation results for the orange line at 019 station are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel physical structure, buried solder bumps, is introduced that solves the compliance problems that exist in scaling present area array technologies to ever-higher densities. In this technique, buried bumps provide dc connections between integrated circuits and substrates and ac coupled interconnections provide paths for ac signals across the same interface. This approach requires co-design of packaging and circuits and meets the growing demands for both interconnect density and bandwidth. AC coupled interconnection arrays can be built with pitches for ac signals below 100 micrometer and dab rates of 6 Gb/s per I/O. This paper presents the physical and circuit aspects of this work as well as measured results from capacitively-coupled circuits fabricated in Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.35-μm technology. Simulated results from capacitively-coupled circuits in TSMC 0.18 μm are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is our privilege to present selected papers from the Asia-Pacific Data Storage Conference 2013 (APDSC’13), held from November 20-22, 2013 in Hualien, Taiwan. APDSC’13 was hosted by the Taiwan Information Storage Association, the National Dong Hwa University, and the Electronics and Optoelectronics Research Laboratories, ITRI, Taiwan. The Conference was also sponsored by the following organizations: The National Science Council, The Ministry of Education, and The Ministry of Economic Affairs of Taiwan, and the IEEE Magnetics Society, The Optical Society of America, The Society of Information Storage System, Korea, and International Society for Optical Engineering, The Magnetics Society of Japan and The Korean Magnetics Society. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Corrections to articles in previous issues related to markup of the quantities, a paper presented at the "IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation," held in Taipei, Taiwan in September 2003, and the reference of MTS Systems Corp. are presented.