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The protective effect of Lactobacillus plantarum YS3 (LP‐YS3) on ulcerative colitis (UC) was assessed using a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis. Different concentrations of LP‐YS4 were administered to the experimental mice by daily gavage. Several inflammatory and biochemical indices, such as interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitric oxide (NO), were examined in mouse serum and colon tissue. The mRNA and protein expression levels of c‐Kit, CXC chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), and stem cell factor (SCF) in mouse colon tissue were assessed using Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. The findings indicated that LP‐YS3 remarkably decreased the disease activity index (DAI) of UC mice (p <.05), inhibited colon length shortening induced by UC, and elevated the value of colon weight/length ratio. LP‐YS3 could also markedly reduce (p <.05) the activities of MDA, MPO, and NO; while an increase in the GSH content in the colonic tissue of UC mice. Moreover, LP‐YS3 remarkably increased (p <.05) the serum level of IL‐2 in UC mice, while reduced those of IL‐10, IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α cytokines. qPCR data revealed that LP‐YS3 could markedly upregulate the expression levels of c‐Kit and SCF, while downregulate those of CXCR2 and IL‐8 in the colonic tissue of UC mice (p <.05). LP‐YS3 exerted an outstanding protective effect on DSS‐induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice, especially at higher concentrations. Practical applications: Lactobacillus plantarum YS3 is a newly isolated and identified lactic acid bacteria. This study confirmed that L. plantarum YS3 can inhibit colitis and has good probiotic potential, which needs further development and utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotics are a group of active microorganisms, which benefit the host by colonizing and changing the composition of host flora. It is of great significance to promote the development of human gastrointestinal nutrition and health by regulating the host mucosal and systemic immune function or regulating the balance of intestinal flora. The purpose of this study is to analyze the production activity of the enzyme, evaluate its biological characteristics and safety as a preventive drug, and provide reference for the research of enzyme production and compound enzyme preparation by probiotics. In this study, four groups of probiotics were set up: Clostridium butyricum experimental group, Lactobacillus plantarum experimental group, drinking water control group, and Bacillus licheniformis experimental group. In addition, a variety of complex enzyme experiments were set up to study the influence on the digestive tract and single factor experiment. The results showed that probiotics and compound enzyme preparations could significantly promote the intestinal digestibility. Under the effect of probiotics, the weight of the chicken was almost 1 Jin heavier than that of the control group, and the average digestibility was increased by 4.3%. The effect of the enzyme on digestibility is stronger than that of probiotics, but the final effect tends to be stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rat model of secondary osteoporosis was constructed using retinoic acid as an inducer, and the genes, proteins, and bone mass of the rats were analyzed. qPCR detection of the Wnt/β-catenin and OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway-related gene expression levels showed that Lactobacillus plantarum HFY15 played a positive role in regulating both pathways. HFY15 significantly increased β-catenin, Lrp5, Lrp6, Wnt10b, OPG, RANKL, and Runx2 expression and downregulated DKK1, RANK, CTSK, TRACP, and ALP expression. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays further confirmed the qPCR results. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining showed that HFY15 slowed retinoic acid-induced osteoclast formation. Microcomputed tomography showed that HFY15 reduced trabecular separation and increased the percent bone volume, trabecular numbers, trabecular thickness, and bone mineral density in the rats in vivo. These findings indicate that HFY15 may help prevent retinoic acid-induced secondary osteoporosis in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research, the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum YS4 (LP-YS4) on colitis were tested in an oxazolone-induced mouse model. BALB/c mice were induced by oxazolone and then treated with LP-YS4. The serum levels of mice were analyzed using commercial kits and the protein and mRNA expression levels of mouse colon tissue were detected by Western blotting and qPCR assay, respectively. The results demonstrated that LP-YS4 significantly (P < 0.05) increased the colon length and ratio of colon weight/length in mice with colitis and attenuated the negative effects of colitis. The results also showed that treatment with LP-YS4 significantly reduced the serum concentrations of ET-1, SP, and IL-10 while significantly increasing those of SS, VIP, and IL-2 in colitis mice (P < 0.05). In addition, LP-YS4 significantly increased the activities of GSH and SOD while decreasing those of MPO and MDA in the colon tissue of colitis mice (P < 0.05). LP-YS4 also significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of c-Kit, eNOS, nNOSe, and SCF in colitis mice while significantly downregulating the relative expression of iNOS. In summary, LP-YS4 could reduce the negative effects of colitis, and such effects were better than those of the common probiotic Lactobacillus bulgaricus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]