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Kaihua paper is a type of precious hand-made paper in China that has been used throughout Chinese history. Due to its extraordinary whiteness and fine texture, it was adopted by the imperial palace in the reign of Emperor Kang Xi and Yong Zheng of the Qing Dynasty of China in the 17th and 18th century. It is stained by a special type of yellowish-brown spot after years of storage, which is called a "peachy spot." The formation of such spots remains unclear, although complicated physicochemical processes or microbial activities might be involved. We performed nondestructive sampling and high-throughput sequencing on peachy spot surfaces, unstained areas, and air samples in the stack room to analysis the the bacterial and fungal communities, and performed prediction of functional genes of the bacterial communities. The results showed that peachy spot formation was mainly related to bacterial communities rather than fungal communities. Significantly more potential acid-producing, acidophilic or cellulase-producing bacteria, such as, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Lysinibacillus, and pigment-producing bacteria, such as Methylobacterium and Rubrobacter, were identified in the peachy spot samples. Prediction of the functional genes of the bacterial community also suggested the production of acidic substance pigments. These findings provide new insights into the pigment formation mechanism in ancient paper and open an opportunity to develop new strategies to preserve the ancient paper documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the impact of digital economy development on carbon emissions, which is a hot topic in the field of environmental economics. This topic is within the scope of the Frontiers in Environmental Science and is particularly in line with the theme of Environmental Economics and Management section in the journal. Firstly, this paper constructs the Digital Economy Development Index and its variable indicators to measure the development of the digital economy. Secondly, this paper uses urban panel data to reveal the impact of digital economy development on carbon emissions, and further adopts IV method to deal with endogeneity issues. Thirdly, this paper performs the heterogeneity analyses depending on the characteristics of the city. The results can provide a basis for formulating differentiated policies. Fourthly, this paper further explores the mechanism by which the digital economy affects carbon peaking. The results show that the digital economy may influence carbon peaking through upgrading of the industrial structure, technical innovation, and energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Yangtze vole (Microtus fortis) is a small herbivorous rodent that usually causes damage to crops and forests in China. Various measures were used to control their population including chemical rodenticides. However, rodenticides may cause secondary damage to the environment and the ecosystem. Therefore, the development of new rodent sterilants is urgent. Considering that some compounds of paper mulberry leaves have been verified that can inhibit the biosynthesis of sexual hormone, we aimed to explore the antifertility effect of paper mulberry leaves on M. fortis. Methods: In this study, voles were divided into three groups including a male group, a female group, and a breeding group, and paper mulberry leaves were added into basal fodder of voles maintained in laboratory, of which the proportion of leaf weight was 50%. In each group, voles were fed with mixed fodder as treatment (BP) and voles were fed with basal fodder as contrast (CK). Results and discussion: After feeding for more than 1 month, the results indicated that paper mulberry leaves attracted voles to feed, but inhibited their growth and reproduction. Since the second week, food intakes of BP have been significantly higher than CK (p< 0.05). However, weights of voles in male and female groups were 72.283 ± 7.394 g and 49.717 ± 2.278 g in the fifth week, and both were significantly reduced compared with their original weight (p< 0.05). Meanwhile, testicular volumes of male voles fed with BP were significantly smaller than CK (former: 318.000 ± 44.654 mm3, latter: 459.339 ± 108.755 mm3); the testosterone level, sperm number, and vitality of BP were obviously weaker than CK. Female uteruses and oophoron of BP grew slower, and the organ coefficients of uterus and oophoron fed BP were both significantly lower than CK (p< 0.05). The first reproduction of BP couple voles spent 45 days, while CK spent only 21 days. These results suggest that paper mulberry leaves could be the potential resource to produce sterilants to control rodent populations by delaying their sexual growth and reproduction. If it was practical, the apparent advantages of paper mulberry are that it is an abundant resource and the inhibitory effect could be effective in both male and female individuals. Our conclusion also supports the transformation of rodent management from lethal management to fertility control, which would be more ecologically friendly to agriculture and the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent years, graph neural network has been extensively applied to drug discovery research. Although researchers have made significant progress in this field, there is less research on bibliometrics. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of graph neural network applications in drug discovery in order to identify current research hotspots and trends, as well as serve as a reference for future research. Methods: Publications from 2017 to 2023 about the application of graph neural network in drug discovery were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and Citespace were mainly used for bibliometric studies. Results and Discussion: In this paper, a total of 652 papers from 48 countries/regions were included. Research interest in this field is continuously increasing. China and the United States have a significant advantage in terms of funding, the number of publications, and collaborations with other institutions and countries. Although some cooperation networks have been formed in this field, extensive worldwide cooperation still needs to be strengthened. The results of the keyword analysis clarified that graph neural network has primarily been applied to drugtarget interaction, drug repurposing, and drug-drug interaction, while graph convolutional neural network and its related optimization methods are currently the core algorithms in this field. Data availability and ethical supervision, balancing computing resources, and developing novel graph neural network models with better interpretability are the key technical issues currently faced. This paper analyzes the current state, hot spots, and trends of graph neural network applications in drug discovery through bibliometric approaches, as well as the current issues and challenges in this field. These findings provide researchers with valuable insights on the current status and future directions of this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the panel data of the province and municipality in 2010-2021, this paper measures the fishery eco-efficiency by using the SBM-DEA model and empirically analyses how China's marine ranch construction improves the fishery eco-efficiency by using the double-difference fixed-effect model. The results show that, firstly, China's marine ranch construction can improve the fishery eco-efficiency. Secondly, China's marine ranch construction promotes fisheries eco-efficiency by improving the input efficiency of labor, fish species, fishing vessel, fishery technology extension, aquaculture area and by reducing pollutant outputs. Thirdly, the fishery eco-efficiency of the marine ranch construction region has increased annually since 2015, and technological changes, scale efficiency changes and technical efficiency changes can all contribute to the fishery eco-efficiency improvement, and increase in order. Based on the results of the empirical analyses, this paper proposes policy recommendations to improve the fishery eco-efficiency in the conjunction with the construction of marine ranch in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Export quality improvement is a crucial path for a country or region to climb up the advanced division of labor in the global value chain. For developing countries that have long been at the lower end of the global value chain division of labor, the dominance of agricultural trade is often controlled by international retailers, leading to higher costs of agricultural trade and hindering the upgrading of the quality of agricultural exports. As a traditional agricultural exporting country, China still needs a competitive advantage despite the large scale of its agricultural exports. Currently, e-commerce can provide buyers and sellers with comprehensive transaction information and technical support, allowing them to realize rational allocation of resources and export upgrading. Therefore, studying how e-commerce can promote the quality upgrade of agricultural exports is crucial for China to build a trade power. Methods: This paper clarifies the mechanism of e-commerce's theoretical impact on the quality of agricultural exports and then empirically tests it using a high-dimensional fixed-effects model with Chinese customs data from 2000 to 2020 as a sample. Results: The results show that e-commerce significantly promotes the quality of agricultural exports in all regions of China, and this conclusion still holds after various robustness tests; the heterogeneity test shows that e-commerce fosters the quality of agricultural exports in eastern China, densely populated regions, and economically underdeveloped regions, especially in the case of heterogeneous products; the mechanism analysis confirms that e-commerce promotes the quality of agricultural exports mainly through the optimization of the agricultural industry chain and supply chain, and the enhancement of the level of servicing. Mechanism analysis confirms that e-commerce improves agricultural export quality mainly through optimizing the agricultural industry chain and supply chain, improving the level of servitization, and docking the demand information of the consumer market, etc. Expanded analysis shows that constructing cross-border e-commerce platforms also significantly improves the quality of micro enterprises' agricultural exports. This paper enriches the research on e-commerce and agricultural trade. Discussion: This paper provides an essential reference for constructing a robust agricultural trade country and developing high-quality agriculture. Despite encompassing data up to 2020, in the context of today's global economic volatility directly affecting agricultural trade, future investigations will broaden the scope to delve deeper into how e-commerce can help countries cope with global economic uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More attention has been paid to environmental regulation of greenhouse gas emissions in the energy industry under the transformation of industrial structure. This paper takes microdata of Chinese energy enterprises from 1998 to 2012 as a sample to build a duty-sharing model, analyzes the effect of environmental regulations on the industrial chain, and explains the "double growth" phenomenon that occurred in China, which is nothing short of miraculous in terms of the environment and economy. In the industrial chain, the environmental obligations and responsibilities will be shared between upstream and downstream enterprises due to trade linkages. This paper finds that environmental responsibilities will move forward through the industrial chain when environmental regulations are strengthened. Downstream companies will loosen "relative" control constraints, thereby expanding output but increasing demand for upstream products. Different from the existing research, we claim that, since environmental regulation has a differential effect on the industrial chain, it will promote the growth of output in the entire chain, in contrast to the theory of "cost compliance", which claims that environmental regulation will inevitably lead to the output. Based on this research, this paper puts forward some suggestions and insights on how the government implements environmental regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electroacupuncture has been used as a treatment; however, a visual bibliometric analysis has not yet been performed in this field. In this study, we aimed to suggest future research topics and directions related to the field by examining the last 20years of research trends and hotspots of electroacupuncture in stroke. Methods: We searched the Web of Science database on electroacupuncture as a treatment for stroke published from 2003 to 2022. We analyzed the papers by annual publication, research fields, nations, affiliations, authors, journals, and keywords. VOSviewer software was used to visualize the bibliometric analysis and results. A total of 440 papers were included in the analysis. Results: The number of publications has gradually increased every year, and neuroscience has become the most actively studied field. Neural Regeneration Research journal and China had the most publications. Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, as an affiliated institute, published the most articles. Chen Lidian and Tao Jing presented the largest number of papers, making them the leading contributors in this field. Four clusters were created by analyzing keywords, such as "neuroprotection," "clinical rehabilitation," "neuroplasticity," and "pretreatment-induced tolerance". Conclusion: This study is the first to analyze the research trends in electroacupuncture as a treatment for stroke using the VOSviewer. It shows the current state of research in the field by visualizing research trends and hotspots. This will help offer reference data for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realisation of the common wealth of all people has become the theme of the new era, and how to promote the process of realising common wealth in a solid and effective manner has become an important issue that needs to be resolved urgently. Combined with the essential connotation of common wealth, it is believed that education plays an important role in improving the quality of nationals to promote the common wealth in a solid manner. Therefore, this paper focuses on the realisation path of education for common prosperity. In order to explore this issue, this paper has constructed the index of education development level and the coefficient of common wealth, which characterise the independent variable and the dependent variable respectively. At the same time, it empirically analyses the mechanism of education development level on common prosperity by using two-way fixed effect model. It is found that, firstly, from 2012 to 2020, the coefficient of common wealth in China shows an increasing trend, and it is higher in the eastern region than in other regions, and lowest in the western region; secondly, educational inequality hinders common wealth to a certain extent; thirdly, the average years of education of China's current employed population is low, which may have a negative impact on the common wealth; and fourthly, improving the level of education can significantly contribute to the realisation of common wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Female empowerment can promote gender equality and realize women's comprehensive development, while the Internet has opened up an effective channel for female empowerment. Methods: Given the relative lack of women's rights in rural China and the rapid Internet development, this paper, based on the 2021 China Comprehensive Social Survey data, first analyses the effect of Internet embeddedness on rural women's non-farm employment using the Probit model. Then, it uses the mediation effect model to explore the role of women's rights perception in the mechanism between Internet embeddedness and women's non-farm employment. Finally, based on age and regional differences, we also analyze the impact of Internet embeddedness on female non-farm employment. Results: The paper draws the following conclusions: (1) Internet embedding can promote female non-farm employment, and the probability of female non-farm employment is 3.71% for each degree of Internet embedding. (2) Internet embedding can enhance women's perception of their rights and thus promote women's non-farm employment. (3) Internet embedding can enhance the perception of rights of young rural women, which can promote their nonfarm employment. However, the influence of internet embedding on middle-aged women's perception of rights is not significant. (4) Internet embedding in the eastern region can enhance women's perception of rights and realize women's non-farm employment; on the contrary, in the central and western regions, Internet embedding cannot enhance rural women's perception of rights. Discussion: Therefore, this paper proposes to release further the impact of the Internet in promoting rural women's non-farm employment to improve the deprivation of rural women's rights and promote gender equality and women's comprehensive development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in cereal-legume intercropping for sustainable agriculture. As a result numerous papers, including reviews, focus on this topic. Screening this large amount of papers, to identify knowledge gaps and future research opportunities, manually, would be a complex and time consuming task. Materials and methods: Bibliometric analysis combined with text mining and topic modelling, to automatically find topics and to derive a representation of intercropping papers as a potential solution to reduce the workload was tested. Both common (e.g. wheat and soybean) as well as underutilized crops (e.g. buckwheat, lupin, triticale) were the focus of this study. The corpus used for the analysis was retrieved from Web of Science and Scopus on 5th September 2022 and consisted of 4,732 papers. Results: The number of papers on cereal-legume intercropping increased in recent years, with most studies being located in China. Literature mainly dealt with the cereals maize and wheat and the legume soybean whereas buckwheat andlupinreceivedlittleattention from academic researchers. These underutilized crops are certainly interesting to be used as intercropping partners, however, additional research on optimization of management and cultivar's choice is important. Yield and nitrogen fixation are the most commonly studied traits in cereal-legume intercropping. Last decade, there is an increasing interest in climate resilience, sustainability and biodiversity. Also the term "ecosystem services" came into play, but still with a low frequency. The regulating services and provisioning services seem to be the most studied, in contrast terms related to potential cultural services were not encountered. Discussion: In conclusion, based on this review several research opportunities were identified. Minor crops like lupin and buckwheat need to be evaluated for their role as intercropping partners. The interaction between species based on e.g. root exudates needs to be further unraveled. Also diseases, pests and weeds in relation to intercropping deserve more attention and finally more in-depth research on the additional benefits/ecosystem services associated with intercropping systems is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on panel data for 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2020, this paper uses entropy method to construct the integrated development indicators of energy Internet, and explores the impact of the development of the energy Internet on reducing carbon emissions in China and its internal transmission mechanism. The research results show that the development of energy Internet can significantly reduce regional carbon dioxide emissions, and increasing the use of renewable energy is an important mechanism for the comprehensive development of energy Internet to curb carbon emissions. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the emission reduction effect brought by the development of energy Internet is more remarkable in the regions with lower carbon emissions and western China. Furthermore, this paper finds that in the setting of the development of energy Internet, the development of renewable energy can promote natural gas consumption and advance energy conversion efficiency. The government's emphasis on regional technology development has an external strengthening effect on carbon emission reduction. The research in this paper expands and diversifies carbon reduction pathways and provides reference for more developing countries to utilize the development of energy internet to achieve carbon reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is facing a serious land resource mismatch problem, which will profoundly affect the acceleration of economic growth and technological innovation. Reform of the industrial land allocation system can solve the mismatch of land resources, and that also has an important impact on the promotion of economic and technological development. This paper selects the data of Chinese A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2007 to 2020 as the research sample, constructs a double machine learning model, and empirically investigates the impact of a new industrial land use policy on firms' green innovation behavior. The study shows that: (1) the new industrial land use policy significantly promotes firms' substantive and strategic green technological innovation, and the effect on substantive green technological innovation is greater than that on strategic green technological innovation. (2) The enhancement of R&D investment sustainability and the "talent pool" effect are important mechanisms through which the new industrial land use policy influences firms' substantive and strategic green technological innovation. Meanwhile, the new industrial land use policy is conducive to firms' green coinnovation. (3) There is heterogeneity in the effect of the new industrial land use policy, which can significantly promote green technological innovation of firms in the eastern region, while it does not play a significant role in the green innovation behavior of firms in the central and western regions. The above research results enrich the research in the field of industrial land and innovation, help to understand more comprehensively the mechanism of new industrial land affecting firms' green technological innovation, and provide policy insights for strengthening the application of industrial land allocation reform in firms' green innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This review aims to provide a quantitative and qualitative bibliometric analysis of literature from 2013 to 2023 on the role of exosomes in PC, with the goal of identifying current trends and predicting future hotspots. Methods: We retrieved relevant publications concerning exosomes in PC, published between 2013 and 2023, from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric analyses were conducted using VOSviewer(1.6.19), CiteSpace (6.2.R4), and Microsoft Excel (2019). Results: A total of 624 papers were analyzed, authored by 4017 researchers from 55 countries/regions and 855 institutions, published in 258 academic journals. China (n=285, 34.42%) and the United States (n=183, 24.87%) were the most frequent contributors and collaborated closely. However, publications from China had a relatively low average number of citations (41.45 times per paper). The output of Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranked first, with 28 papers (accounting for 4.5% of the total publications). Cancers (n=31, 4.9%); published the most papers in this field. Researcher Margot Zoeller published the most papers (n=12) on this topic. Research hotspots mainly focused on the mechanisms of exosomes in PC onset and progression, the role of exosomes in PC early diagnosis and prognosis, exosomes promote the development of PC chemoresistance, and potential applications of exosomes as drug carriers for PC therapies. We observed a shift in research trends, from mechanistic studies toward clinical trials, suggesting that clinical applications will be the focus of future attention. Emerging topics were pancreatic stellate cells, diagnostic biomarkers, mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles. Conclusion: Our scientometric and visual analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on the role of exosomes in PC published during 2013-2023. This review identifies the frontiers and future directions in this area over the past decade, and is expected to provide a useful reference for researchers in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of fast restoration reflects power system resilience and safety. This paper proposes a partitioning decision-making method for parallel restoration based on the label propagation algorithm and the cooperative game theory. The topological and physical characteristics of blackout systems are considered as the edge weight and the node importance simultaneously for formulating the partitioning model. By the label propagation algorithm, various labels representing different subsystems mark all buses. To accelerate the speed of convergence and prevent the label oscillation, this paper proposes a game strategy of cooperation between buses and subsystems by evaluating the Shapley value of buses. The partitioning constraints are integrated into each label propagation process to assess the feasibility of the partitioning strategy. Finally, case studies on the IEEE 39- and 118-bus test systems and an actual urban power system in South China verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores a paradigm shift in work culture in the contemporary art sector due to digital transition and the introduction of AI. New ways of working with AI and digital software are embedded and normalized in everyday Chinese artistic practices. This work includes new forms of creativity and efficiency, yet, simultaneously includes new types of digital labour. This paper conceptualizes this as "digital art work," which draws attention to the often-overlooked aspects of artists' work, particularly their everyday artistic practices that increasingly include digital software and AI. What is the role and position of the artist in an environment where digital software and AI are becoming more central in artistic creation? How do artists creatively (mis)use AI? What does this paradigm shift in work culture mean for the future of the artist's role and the future of the contemporary art sector? This paper draws on 48 semi-structured interviews with visual artists and arts professionals, including painters, sculptors, mixedmedia, and internet artists as well as contemporary art gallery owners, museum project directors, curators, and culture policymakers living and working in China during 2023. The findings show how Chinese artists are mastering AI and opening up new spaces for creativity and how the contemporary art sector in China has already transitioned to a new "digital way" in artistic creation. These findings can help to create policy around AI globally and provide solutions for the sustainability of the artist profession and the future of the contemporary art sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological innovation is changing the way maritime transport is done, and automated driving is one of the hot topics, including unmanned ships that use automated driving technology, but legal challenges to the application of unmanned ships in the shipping industry must be resolved before that happens --whether and how the principles of existing international conventions regarding unmanned ships. To deal with this problem, it is far from enough to rely on the efforts of international organizations or the revision of international conventions. The paper analyzes several typical legal issues faced by unmanned ships: the legal definition of unmanned ships, the seaworthiness of unmanned ships, the master and crew rules, and the collision and rescue of unmanned ships, taking China as an example, the paper explains reasonable and effective legal path of domestic and international laws, trying to seek solutions at the level of domestic law beyond international convention. The paper concludes that the traditional navigation rules have largely been developed to meet the needs of manned transportation, and cannot be fully applied to unmanned ships. Therefore, until there is an international regulation specifically for unmanned ships, it would be appropriate to interpret or revise existing international conventions to apply to unmanned ships. And for countries including China, it is important to consider the improvement of domestic laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although rural industrial integration is a crucial pathway for advancing the revitalization of rural economies, it continues to grapple with financial challenges. This paper delves into the theoretical underpinnings of how capital marketization influences rural industrial integration. Methods: Using panel data from China's provinces spanning the years 2010 to 2020, a comprehensive index of rural industrial integration is constructed from the vantage point of a new development paradigm. The paper employs the system GMM method to empirically investigate the impact of capital marketization on rural industrial integration and to dissect its transmission mechanisms. Additionally, a threshold regression model is applied to explore the specific patterns of the nonlinear relationship between the two variables. Results and discussion: The study's findings reveal that the degree of rural industrial integration is significantly and positively influenced by its previous level, demonstrating an accumulative effect wherein the prior level of integration lays the groundwork for future advancements. The influence of capital marketization on the degree of rural industrial integration is characterized by a non-linear relationship, adhering to a "U-shaped" curve. Below the inflection point, the development of capital marketization is detrimental to rural industrial integration, whereas above this point, it exerts a positive influence. Currently, China's overall level of capital marketization is positioned beyond the inflection point, indicating substantial potential for enhancing industry integration in rural China. In addition, the study indicates that at very low levels of economic development, capital marketization does not affect the development of rural industries. As the economic development level rises, so does the impact of capital marketization on rural industrial integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Eradicating poverty is the primary objective of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. While China has achieved great success in achieving poverty reduction targets, reducing the poverty vulnerability of rural households is crucial for ensuring the sustainability of poverty reduction gains. The purpose of land transfer is to ensure the continuous increase of farmers' income through efficient land use; it has become an important initiative for poverty alleviation in rural areas. Existing studies have confirmed the positive effect of land transfer on poverty alleviation, but few have explored the difference in the impact of land transfer on poverty vulnerability of households with different income structures. Methods: Using data from the China Family Panel Survey (CFPS) from 2010 to 2020, this paper empirically examines the impact of land transfer on poverty vulnerability. Results and discussion: The results show that land transfer has a significant positive impact on poverty vulnerability alleviation among rural households. Further comparing households with different livelihood structures, we find that land transfer is more effective in reducing poverty for non-farm employment-oriented household. Therefore, we suggest that the government should improve the land transfer system, increase agricultural subsidies, and consider the occupational differentiation among farmers to improve the poverty reduction effect of land transfer. These suggestions also provide a reference for promoting sustainable agricultural development and consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face unique challenges in glycaemic control due to the complexity and uniqueness of the dietary structure in China, especially in terms of postprandial glycaemic response (PPGR). This study aimed to establish a personalized model for predicting PPGR in patients with T1D. Materials and methods: Data provided by the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 13 patients with T1D, were recruited and provided with an intervention for at least two weeks. All patients were asked to wear a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device under free-living conditions during the study period. To tackle the challenge of incomplete data from wearable devices for CGM measurements, the GAIN method was used in this paper to achieve a more rational interpolation process. In this study, patients' PPGRs were calculated, and a LightGBM prediction model was constructed based on a Bayesian hyperparameter optimisation algorithm and a random search algorithm, which integrated glucose measurement, insulin dose, dietary nutrient content, blood measurement and anthropometry as inputs. Results: The experimental outcomes revealed that the PPGR prediction model presented in this paper demonstrated superior accuracy (R=0.63) compared to both the carbohydrate content only model (R=0.14) and the baseline model emulating the standard of care for insulin administration (R=0.43). In addition, the interpretation of the model using the SHAP method showed that blood glucose levels at meals and blood glucose trends 30 minutes before meals were the most important features of the model. Conclusion: The proposed model offers a heightened precision in predicting PPGR in patients with T1D, so it can better guide the diet plan and insulin intake dose of patients with T1D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Executive dysfunction is a core symptom of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), which seriously affects patients' prognosis. This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of rTMS on executive function in VCI. Methods: The databases selected for this study included Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM). The screening times were conducted from the time of library construction until August 23, 2023. The inclusion criteria for this metaanalysis were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on rTMS for VCI, which include executive function scores. The primary metrics were executive subscale scores of the Cognitive Comprehensive Scale and total scores of the Executive Specificity Scale. The secondary metrics were subscale scores of the Executive Specificity Scale. The quality of each eligible study was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Meta-analysis and bias analysis were performed using Stata (version 16.0) and RevMan (version 5.3). Results: A total of 20 high-quality clinical RCTs with 1,049 samples were included in this paper. The findings from the primary outcomes revealed that within the rTMS group, there were significantly higher scores observed for the executive sub-item on the cognitive composite scale (SMD = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.77-1.08, p < 0.00001, I2 = 14%) and the total score on the executive specific scale (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.44-0.94, p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%) compared to the control group. As for the secondary outcome measures, as shown by the Trail Making Test-A (time) (MD = -35.75, 95% CI = -68.37 to -3.12, p = 0.03, I2 = 55%), the Stroop-C card (time) (SMD = -0.46, 95% CI = -0.86 to -0.06, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%) and the Stroop-C card (correct number) (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.04-0.94, p = 0.03, I2 = 0%), the experimental group shorts time and enhances accuracy of executive task in comparison to the control group. Subgroup analysis of the main outcome demonstrated that intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), higher frequency, lower intensity, longer duration, and combined comprehensive therapy exhibited superior efficacy. Conclusion: rTMS is effective in the treatment of the executive function of VCI. The present study has some limitations, so multi-center, large-sample, objective indicators and parameters are needed to further explore in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores a paradigm shift in work culture in the contemporary art sector due to digital transition and the introduction of AI. New ways of working with AI and digital software are embedded and normalized in everyday Chinese artistic practices. This work includes new forms of creativity and efficiency, yet, simultaneously includes new types of digital labour. This paper conceptualizes this as "digital art work," which draws attention to the often-overlooked aspects of artists' work, particularly their everyday artistic practices that increasingly include digital software and AI. What is the role and position of the artist in an environment where digital software and AI are becoming more central in artistic creation? How do artists creatively (mis)use AI? What does this paradigm shift in work culture mean for the future of the artist's role and the future of the contemporary art sector? This paper draws on 48 semi-structured interviews with visual artists and arts professionals, including painters, sculptors, mixed-media, and internet artists as well as contemporary art gallery owners, museum project directors, curators, and culture policymakers living and working in China during 2023. The findings show how Chinese artists are mastering AI and opening up new spaces for creativity and how the contemporary art sector in China has already transitioned to a new "digital way" in artistic creation. These findings can help to create policy around AI globally and provide solutions for the sustainability of the artist profession and the future of the contemporary art sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The adoption of new agricultural technologies is one of the key factors for achieving sustainable agricultural development. With the rapid development of China's economy and the widening gap between urban and rural areas, it has become the norm for farmers to seek employment outside their home villages. This phenomenon not only changes the lifestyle of farmers but may also affect their attitudes toward and adoption behavior of new agricultural technologies. However, existing research in this field is not yet sufficient. This paper aims to assess the overall impact, heterogeneous effects, and mechanisms of action of migrant work experience on farmers' willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies. Methods: Based on the 8,391 sample data from 243 counties in the 2018 China Labor Force Dynamic Survey (CLDS2018), this paper uses the Linear Probability Model (LPM), Two Stage Least Square (2SLS), Conditional Mixed Process (CMP) methods, and omitted variable test to estimate the impact of migrant work experience on farmers' willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies. Simultaneously, it explored the heterogeneity in the relationship between migrant work experience and the willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies from the perspectives of gender, age, and educational level. Lastly, the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) model was utilized to analyze the mechanisms through which migrant work experience affects farmers' willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies. Results: Migrant work experience significantly enhances farmers' willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies, with the probability of willingness among farmers with migrant work experience being 26.65% higher than that of farmers without such experience. At the same time, compared to female farmers, those born before 1980, and those with primary education or less, this enhancing effect is more pronounced among male farmers, those born after 1980, and those with more than a primary education. Furthermore, it was found that migrant work experience not only directly enhances farmers' willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies but also indirectly promotes it by increasing capital accumulation, enhancing risk awareness, expanding social networks, and strengthening agricultural cognition, with risk awareness and agricultural cognition playing a larger indirect role. Conclusion: Based on the empirical results, this paper suggests actively guiding farmers with migrant work experience to adopt new agricultural technologies, and encouraging return migrant labor with the intention of resettling in rural areas to engage in agriculture again, to further promote the adoption of new agricultural technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facing the double constraints of the "double carbon" target and high-quality economic development, carbon trading policy is an important tool for realizing the emission reduction commitment; based on the perspective of microenterprises, the specific mechanism and spatial effect of carbon trading policy still need to be evaluated. Taking China's carbon emissions trading pilot as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper empirically investigates the impact of carbon trading policy on the carbon emission intensity of pilot enterprises and its mechanism of action, and its impact on the carbon emission intensity of neighboring enterprises, based on the multi-temporal double-difference model, moderating effect model, and spatial Durbin model with the A-sharelisted enterprises in the period of 2009-2019 as the samples. It is found that: 1) Carbon trading policy will reduce the carbon emission intensity of enterprises to different degrees, and there are significant differences under different ownership types, degrees of marketization and the level of digitization. 2) Under the influence of environmental uncertainty, ESG disclosure will weaken the effectiveness of carbon emission reduction in the pre-pilot stage of the policy; with the gradual improvement of the carbon trading policy and ESG disclosure mechanism, ESG ratings will positively regulate the inhibitory effect of the carbon trading policy on the carbon emission intensity of enterprises through multiple paths. 3) Carbon trading policy effectively reduces multiple negative spillovers through the demonstration effect and competition effect of neighboring enterprises, driving the carbon emission reduction behavior of non-pilot enterprise. The research in this paper enriches the research paradigm of carbon emission intensity influencing factors, provides reference suggestions for the government to improve its policies, and better contributes to the realization of the "dual-carbon" vision in China as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine economy is a valuable pillar for the development of coastal areas. It is of profound significance to explore the influence of marine economy development on economic resilience of coastal areas. This paper constructs an economic resilience assessment framework based on resistance, adaptability, and evolutionary power, adopts the entropy method to calculate the economic resilience development level in China's coastal areas from 2006 to 2019, and examines in detail the driving factors affecting the economic resilience from the indicator level. Furthermore, panel regression models are used to explore the influence of marine economic development on the economic resilience of China's coastal areas and its mechanism of action. The results show that: (1) China's coastal areas have an overall trend of rising economic resilience. The spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of different economic resilience factors are significant. (2) Factors such as regional economic scale, innovation input, industrial transformation, resident income, consumption scale, degree of marketization, and financial scale are key factors to enhance the economic system resilience of coastal areas. (3) There is a significant positive impact of the marine economy on the economic resilience of coastal areas, and this promotion effect is regulated and constrained by the level of diversification of marine industries and the level of concentration of marine industries. (4) Heterogeneity analysis shows that there are significant individual differences in the impact of Marine economy on economic resilience, and its marginal effect first increases and then decreases. The corresponding policy implications are further analyzed based on the research results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timely and accurate observations of harmful algal blooms dynamics help to coordinate coastal protection and reduce the damage in advance. To date, predicting changes in the spatial distribution of algal blooms has been challenging due to the lack of suitable tools. The paper proposes that the development and disappearance of algal bloom can be monitored by satellite remote sensing in a large area from the diurnal variation of chlorophyll a. In this paper, 32 pairs of observed data in 2011–2020 showed that it was most appropriate to outline the areas where the diurnal variation (the standard deviation calculated from the daily chlorophyll a) in chlorophyll a was more than 2.2 mg/m3 . Among them, 30 pairs of data showed that the high chlorophyll a diurnal variation could predict the growth of the algal bloom in the next days. In these events, the median area difference between the two spatial distributions was -0.08%. When there was a high diurnal variation in chlorophyll a in the area adjacent to where algal bloom was occurred, a new algal bloom region was likely to spread in subsequent days. Continuous multiday time series showed that the diurnal variation in chlorophyll a can reflect the algal bloom’s overall growth condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green pesticide use, as a key means to reduce pesticide use, plays a crucial role in promoting environmental and food safety. However, the effectiveness of green pesticide use policies in China falls short of expectations. Existing research mainly examines the policy promotion issues of green pesticide use from a static and single-agent perspective. However, green pesticide use behavior is a dynamic process influenced by multiple factors, including the government, farmers, and consumers. This paper builds an evolutionary tripartite game model of the government, farmers, and consumers from the perspective of dynamic strategy evolution and explores the evolutionary conditions that affect the stability of the tripartite game strategy during green pesticide application. The results show that 1) through different partnership models, the government, farmers, and consumers can evolve to a stable state. 2) Keeping the government’s regulatory intensity in the market for green agricultural products within a reasonable range will help farmers apply green pesticides. 3) Users’ preference for high-quality vegetables will increase the market selling price of green products. 4) Maintaining the government’s ecological subsidies for green pesticides will help stimulate farmers’ enthusiasm for using green pesticides. Therefore, the government should appropriately strengthen ecological subsidies and market supervision, guide consumers’ green consumption behavior, and encourage farmers to use green pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To steadily promote the reform of sales electricity prices, China has innovatively proposed to carry out grid enterprises' agency power purchase business (GEAPPB) as a transitional scheme for industrial and commercial users to enter the power market in the future. However, because the GEAPPB covers a wide range of users and involves complex business processes, the risks throughout the process of the GEAPPB will affect the organization and operation of the business. This paper proposes a GEAPPB risk assessment technique. First, a risk evaluation index system containing 10 indicators is designed based on the characteristics and development process of GEAPPB. Second, a risk assessment model based on the fuzzy full consistency method (FUCOM-F) and gray relational analysis (GRA)-improved MARCOS is constructed. Finally, seven grid enterprises in China are taken as examples to verify the validity and scientificity of the model. The results show that improving the accuracy of power forecasting, optimizing the agency power purchase strategy, and strengthening demand response management are the key schemes to reduce the risk of GEAPPB. Compared with the other three evaluation models, the proposed model has good applicability and effectiveness for the risk evaluation of GEAPPB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: China is the largest producer, consumer, and trader of grain. Changes in China's agricultural policies will affect global food trade and thus impact food security. In this paper, we use China's maize subsidy system reform (MSSR) as a quasi-natural experiment to investigate the impact of marketoriented reforms in price support policy on the productivity of grain. Methods: We use official Chinese government panel data on farm households and a PSM-DID model to overcome the endogeneity problem of policy change. Results and discussion: The empirical results show that MSSR can increase maize productivity. The MSSR is divided into two phases: eliminating the maize purchase price and implementing maize producer subsidies. The policy effect of eliminating the purchase price exceeds the implementation of producer subsidies. Further analysis reveals that for farmers with a larger scale of cultivation, higher level of specialization, and higher degree of part-time employment, the MSSR enhances their productivity more significantly. In the high quartile, the MSSR reduces farmers' productivity. In the low quartile, the MSSR raises farmers' productivity, suggesting that the MSSR reduces the productivity differences among farmers. The results of our study suggest that market-based reform of price subsidies is an effective institutional arrangement to mitigate resource mismatch and increase food productivity, and point to the need to continue to improve the MSSR, explore diversified maize producer subsidy policies, and take into account the impact of other subsidies on farmers' maize production behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a nervous system disease leading to motor and sensory dysfunction below the injury level, and can result in paralysis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in SCI treatment, and related research provides insights for SCI diagnosis and treatment. Bibliometrics is an important tool for literature statistics and evaluation, objectively summarizing multidimensional information. This study comprehensively overviews the field through bibliometric analysis of miRNA and SCI research, providing contemporary resources for future collaboration and clinical treatment. Materials and methods: In this study, we searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. After careful screening and data import, we extracted annual publications, citation counts, countries, institutions, authors, journals, highly cited articles, co-cited articles, keywords, and H-index. Bibliometrics and visualization analyses employed VOSviewer, CiteSpace, the R package "bibliometrix," and online analytic platforms. Using Arrowsmith, 1 we determined miRNA-SCI relationships and discussed potential miRNA mechanisms in SCI. Results: From 2008 to 2024, the number of related papers increased annually, reaching 754. The number of yearly publications remained high and entered a period of rapid development. Researchers from 50 countries/regions, 802 institutions, 278 journals, and 3,867 authors participated in the field. Currently, China has advantages in the number of national papers, citations, institutions, and authors. However, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation among different authors, institutions, and countries to promote the production of important academic achievements. The research in the field currently focuses on nerve injury, apoptosis, and gene expression. Future research directions mainly involve molecular mechanisms, clinical trials, exosomes, and inflammatory reactions. Conclusion: Overall, this study comprehensively analyzes the research status and frontier of miRNAs in SCI. A systematic summary provides a complete and intuitive understanding of the relationship between SCI and miRNAs. The presented findings establish a basis for future research and clinical application in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a new green decomposition model of carbon productivity that aims to further analyze the regional differences in carbon productivity and its interaction with regional industrial performance. We combine desired outputs and undesired outputs orientation, and multiple factor inputs to derive a new green decomposition theorem, establish a new green decomposition model of carbon productivity, and obtain nine effects of regional carbon productivity differences. Empirical analysis is conducted using input-output data from 29 provinces and 15 industries in China, comparing the differences in carbon productivity from both the provincial and industry perspectives and exploring the mechanism of action. This paper provides theoretical basis and empirical evidence for regional carbon productivity enhancement and economic and industrial optimization from the perspective of multi-factor inputs, as well as policy insights for regional low-carbon transition development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the "net-zero carbon" target, a higher proportion of variable renewable energies (VREs) has been integrated into power grids, and pumped storage plants (PSPs) are crucial for guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of hybrid energy systems. As secondary frequency regulation (SFR) is related to the economic operation and the quality of auxiliary services provided by PSPs, it is critical to clarify its performance and compensation. Therefore, the corresponding quantitative evaluations of the SFR of pumped storage units (PSUs) are carried out in this paper. First, the performance of SFR is quantified based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). Considering the current situation in China's electricity market, the average compensation of the PSP with each MW is determined to be 9.336 CNY per day, and a method for calculating the compensation of SFR is constructed. Then, taking a real Chinese PSP as an example, based on different wind power deviation signals, the quantitative evaluation of the compensation of SFR is conducted in accordance with the fixed-speed pumped storage units (FSPSUs) and the variable-speed pumped storage units (VSPSUs) in power priority and speed priority modes. The results show that the compensation of FSPSUs and VSPSUs (power priority mode and speed priority mode) is 10,900 CNY per day; 54,400 CNY per day; and 17,300 CNY per day. This paper could contribute to clarifying the compensation of SFR and providing technical support for the development of the auxiliary service market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aggregation of renewable energy in the power system, the uncertainty caused by the renewable energy affects the planning and operation of power systems. Meanwhile, the existing planning models fail to consider renewable energy uncertainty methods, specifically concerning renewable energy confidence and future possible scenarios; thus, a confidence-based scenario cluster method is presented. A novel generator, network, load, and energy storage (GNLS) co-planning model is proposed in the paper. First, a confidence-based scenario cluster is built, which can reflect uncertainties by clustering and analyzing wind, solar, and load. Second, the proposed model focuses on load and energy storage co-planning, and in addition, relevant flexible indices are used to assess the model. Finally, the GNLS co-planning model is built as a bi-level stochastic model on continuous time scales. The model is solved using the Benders decomposition algorithm. The method in this paper is validated using an IEEE RTS 24-bus and a real test system in China to demonstrate the reduction in renewable energy curtailment and optimization of economic factors in power system planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer, characterized by its high morbidity and lethality, necessitates thorough research to enhance our understanding of its pathogenesis and discover novel therapeutic approaches. Recent studies increasingly demonstrate that lung cancer cells can modulate the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor growth, and metastasis through the release of exosomes. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by cells and contain a variety of bioactive molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites. This paper presents a comprehensive review of exosome research in lung cancer and its progress through bibliometric analysis. Methods: Publications related to exosomes in lung cancer patients were systematically searched on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviwers, CiteSpace, and the R package "Bibliometrics". Publications were quantitatively analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2019. The language of publication was restricted to "English" and the search strategy employed TS=(exosomes or exosomes or exosomes) and TS=(lung cancer). The search period commenced on January 1, 2004, and concluded on November 12, 2023, at noon. The selected literature types included Articles and Reviews. Results: The study encompassed 1699 papers from 521 journals across 71 countries and 2105 institutions. Analysis revealed a consistent upward trend in lung cancer exosome research over the years, with a notable surge in recent times. This surge indicates a growing interest and depth of inquiry into lung cancer exosomes. Major research institutions in China and the United States, including Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, and Utmd Anderson Cancer Center, emerged as crucial research hubs. The annual publication count in this field witnessed a continuous rise, particularly in recent years. Key terms such as lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), microvesicles, intercellular communication, exosomal miRNAs, and oncology dominated the research landscape. Fields like cell biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, and oncology exhibited close relation with this research. Clotilde The'ry emerged as the most cited author in the field, underlining her significant contributions. These results demonstrate the broad impact of exosome research in lung cancer, with key terms covering not only disease-specific aspects such as lung cancer and NSCLC but also basic biological concepts like microvesicles and intercellular communication. Explorations into exosomal microRNAs and oncology have opened new avenues for lung cancer exosome research. In summary, lung cancer exosome research is poised to continue receiving attention, potentially leading to breakthroughs in treatment and prevention. Conclusion: Publications on lung cancer exosomes show a rising trend year by year, with China and the United States ranking first and second in terms of the number of publications. However, there is insufficient academic learning cooperation and exchanges between the two sides, and Chinese universities account for a large proportion of research institutions in this field. Jing Li is the most productive author, Clotilde The'ry is the most co-cited author, and Cancers is the journal with the highest number of publications. The current focus in the field of lung cancer exosomes is on biomarkers, liquid biopsies, immunotherapy, and tumor microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Head and neck cancer is one of the most common tumors worldwide. However, drug resistance in its treatment has become a major factor limiting the efficacy. This study aims to comprehensively understand the current status of research in this field. Methods: The study analyzes papers related to therapeutic resistance in head and neck cancer published between 2000 and 2023 in the Web of Science Core Collection To achieve the research objectives, we searched the WoSCC for research and review papers on therapeutic resistance in head and neck cancer from 2000 to 2023, screened the English literature, and analyzed the research hotspots, academic collaborations, and trends in detail using tools such as Citespace, SCImago Graphica, and VOS viewer. Results: This study summarizes 787 head and neck cancer treatment resistance publications from WoSCC. The analysis showed that China and the United States are the major contributors in this field, and Grandis Jennifer R and Yang Jai-Sing are the key scholars. Keyword analysis showed that "cisplatin resistance" is a continuing focus of attention, while "Metastasis" and "Ferroptosis" may be emerging research hotspots. Literature clustering analysis pointed out that "Ferroptosis", "Immunotherapy" and "ERK signaling" were the recent hotspots that received extensive attention and citations. Finally, we discuss the current status and challenges in drug-resistant therapies for head and neck cancer. Conclusion: This study is the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis of drug resistance in head and neck cancer. Reveals current trends and helps researchers grasp cutting-edge hotspots in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Environmental information disclosure is an important means to protect the ecological environment, and global climate change puts forward higher requirements for corporate environmental information disclosure. New energy companies play an important role in addressing climate change and environmental information disclosure, and should strengthen environmental information disclosure and actively participate in ecological environmental protection. Methods: This paper selected Chinese new energy listed companies as the research sample to investigate the impact of green credit on corporate environmental information disclosure, and proposed and empirically tested the hypothesis on the mechanism of the effect of green credit on environmental information disclosure. Results: The regression results indicated that green credit can effectively improve the quality of corporate environmental information disclosure, and this conclusion is still significantly valid after robustness test; The impact mechanism tests showed that green credit can change the level of corporate environmental information disclosure by controlling company size. This paper also tested the heterogeneity and adjustment effects, showing that the relationship between green credit and environmental information disclosure are affected by multiple factors. Discussions: Combining the research of this paper and previous research results, it is found that the positive impact of green credit on corporate environmental information disclosure has been confirmed by academic research and practical verification. However, the implementation effect of green credit policy will be affected by the economic level, regional differences, and the comprehensive impact from companies, financial institutions and government departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the proposal of "Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality" goals, China is facing a more serious carbon emissions reduction situation, and how the booming digital economy effectively helps China's carbon emissions reduction is one of the most urgent things that should be solved. To study the impact of the digital economy on carbon emission intensity, this paper is based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2011 to 2021, and applies the double-fixed effect model and the threshold effect model to study the impact of the digital economy on carbon emission intensity and the mechanism of its action, as well as to analyze the mechanism of the digital economy's action on carbon emission intensity from the perspective of technological innovation. The results of the study show that: i) The digital economy can reduce the intensity of regional carbon emissions; ii) The carbon emission reduction effect of the digital economy is non-linear, and its carbon emission reduction effect gradually increases with the level of development of the digital economy; iii) In addition to the direct impact of the digital economy on carbon emission intensity, it also has an indirect impact on carbon emissions through technological innovation; iv) There is regional heterogeneity in the carbon emission reduction effect of the digital economy, and the carbon emission reduction effect is more significant in the central and western parts of the country and regions with a high level of human capital development. Based on the conclusions obtained, this paper suggests: i) The rational integration of the digital economy and regional development should be strengthened; ii) Strong provinces in the digital economy should be encouraged to help weaker provinces, to narrow the "digital divide" between provinces; iii) Differentiated development strategies should be formulated in accordance with local conditions, to give full play to the optimal effect of the digital economy in carbon emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the effect of different turbulent wind speeds on the operation of wind turbines. The proportion of wind power in the field of new energy generation has increased massively and has gained wide application and attention. However, the smooth operation and the stability of the output power of the wind power generation system are susceptible to wind speed fluctuations. To tackle this problem, this paper takes a 5 MW horizontal axis wind turbine as the research object that proposes a parameter adaptive robust control method to achieve self-optimization of controller parameters by means of Bayesian optimization. The 5 MW wind turbine model is utilized to verify the feasibility of the algorithm by combining the wind speed types commonly found in a high-altitude region in northwestern. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The outcomes demonstrate that Bayesian optimization can significantly decrease the effects of wind speed instability. The output power increases by 1.9% on average at low wind speed and stabilizes on 5 MW at high wind speed. Therefore, the stable controller for wind power output is the robust model predictive controller with parameter improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the influence of controlling shareholders on the company, it is important to analyze how independent directors can protect minority shareholders' interests using the information and resources obtained from social networks. This paper studies the impact of director networks on controlling shareholders' tunneling behavior in China over the period 2002-2020. Using social network analysis, this paper finds that controlling shareholders' appropriation to minority shareholders is mitigated in companies with wellconnected independent directors. These results remain consistent after a series of robustness and endogeneity tests. This study also reveals that internal controls play a mediating role between director networks and tunneling behavior. In addition, the study indicates that the restraining effect of director networks on controlling shareholders' tunneling behavior is more pronounced in companies with weaker audit monitoring and poorer transparency. In conclusion, the results reveal that well-connected independent directors play an important role in protecting minority shareholders' interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present the global research features and hotspots, and forecast the emerging trends by conducting a bibliometric analysis based on literature related to autophagy of pancreatic cancer from 2011 to 2022. Methods: The literature data regarding autophagy of pancreatic cancer were retrieved and downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) from Clarivate Analytics on June 10th, 2022. VOSviewer (version 1.6.18) was used to perform the bibliometric analysis. Results: A total of 616 studies written by 3993 authors, covered 45 countries and 871 organizations, published in 263 journals and co-cited 28152 references from 2719 journals. China (n=260, 42.2%) and the United States (n=211, 34.3%) were the most frequent publishers and collaborated closely. However, publications from China had a low average number of citations (25.35 times per paper). The output of University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ranked the first with 26 papers (accounting for 4.2% of the total publications). Cancers (n=23, 3.7%; Impact Factor = 6.639) published most papers in this field and was very pleasure to accept related researches. Daolin Tang and Rui Kang published the most papers (n=18, respectively). The research hotspots mainly focused on the mechanisms of autophagy in tumor onset and progression, the role of autophagy in tumor apoptosis, and autophagy-related drugs in treating pancreatic cancer (especially combined therapy). The emerging topics were chemotherapy resistance mediated by autophagy, tumor microenvironment related to autophagy, autophagy-depended epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mitophagy, and the role of autophagy in tumor invasion. Conclusion: Attention has been increasing in autophagy of pancreatic cancer over the past 12 years. Our results undoubtedly provide scholars with new clues and ideas in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is a shared challenge encountered by nations worldwide. As China is on its way toward a green economy, it is worth studying whether producer services agglomeration, a key driver of economic transition, can promote low-carbon urban development. Using panel data of 257 cities across China from 2006 to 2019, this paper examines the influence of producer services agglomeration on urban carbon emissions with spatial econometric models. The findings reveal a positive spatial correlation in regional carbon emissions. The agglomeration of producer services notably decreases the intensity of local carbon emissions, yet it appears to have minimal influence on the emissions from adjacent regions. Enhancing energy efficiency and adjusting the industrial structure are two critical mechanisms by which producer services agglomeration reduces urban carbon emissions. This beneficial effect varies with city type, the abatement effect of producer services agglomeration is more pronounced in non-resource-based cities. When considering city size, the carbon reduction potential of producer services agglomeration is not apparent in smaller cities. As city size increases, the emission reduction effect becomes more apparent. However, in mega-cities, this impact is somewhat diminished. Accordingly, this paper proposes exploring methods of coordinated air pollution management across cities, promoting producer services agglomeration in line with market mechanisms, and driving low-carbon urban development in a manner tailored to local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we select the China Carbon Market Price Index, which reflects the overall price changes in China's carbon market (CCM), and employs the TVP- VAR-BK model to examine the risk spillover effects between the carbon market and high-carbon-emission industries in China from a frequency domain viewpoint. Employing the nonparametric quantile Granger causality test, it delves further into the effects of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) in China on the degree of risk spillovers between the carbon market and high-carbon- emission industries. There are significant risk spillover effects between the carbon market and high-carbon-emission industries. During the short term, the carbon market affects the cement industry more than the electric power and steel industries. However, the carbon market is affected by the volatility of the high-carbon-emission industries over the long term. In addition, the effect of EPU on the magnitude of risk spillovers between the carbon market and high- carbon-emission industries is nonsignificant at extreme quartiles and significant at the middle quartile level, which is typically asymmetric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the No. 30201 working face of a specific colliery was determined as the study area in the Yushen mining area, China. The objective of this paper is to determine the optimal position for pressure regulation measures during the final mining stage. A mechanical calculation model for stabilized coal pillar was developed. The analytical solution for the front abutment pressure function was obtained. Limit equilibrium theory and beam theory were employed to compute the critical width value of the stabilized coal pillar. The analysis focused on examining the spatiotemporal relationship between the rotational deformation of the main roof and the stability of the retracement channel. The study utilized numerical simulation to investigate the failure characteristics of the surrounding rock and the stress redistribution in the stabilized coal pillar within the working face. Through comprehensive analysis, a reasonable width of 15 m for the stabilized coal pillar was determined and successfully implemented in field practices. A method of using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to select the stabilized coal pillar width was proposed. The input characteristics of ANN were determined through theoretical analysis. Four models of BP, WOA-BP, PSO-BP, and CPSO-BP were trained. The calculation accuracy of each model is evaluated by three quantitative metrics: MAE, MRE, and RMSE. The MAE value of the CPSOBP model is 0.9489, showing a reduction of 70.87% compared to the BP model, 55.84% compared to the WOA-BP model, and 51.26% compared to the PSOBP model. The MRE value is 0.0559, which is 71.51%, 56.29%, and 53.24% lower than the other models, respectively. The RMSE value is 1.0617, which is 68.92%, 56.13%, and 53.03% lower than other models, respectively. The four models were employed to compute the width of the stabilized coal pillar. The values for the BP, WOA-BP, PSO-BP, and CPSO-BP models were 12.7 m, 16.3 m, 14.1 m, and 15.2 m, respectively, indicating that the CPSO-BP model can effectively determine the width of the stabilized coal pillar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on measuring the green transformation of heavily polluting enterprises based on the sub-dimensions of green strategy and green action, we empirically analyze whether and how bank digitization affects the green transformation of enterprises by using the data of China's A-share heavily polluting enterprises from 2010 to 2021. The findings show that 1) bank digitization has a significant positive effect on firms' green transformation; 2) bank digitization promotes firms' green transformation by alleviating firms' financing constraints and improving firms' ESG performance; 3) governmental environmental regulations and media attention positively moderates the relationship between bank digitization and firms' green transformation; and 4) bank digitization is more likely to promote the green transformation of firms that are highly digitized, non-state-owned firms, and enterprises in the eastern region; 5) the sub-dimension test shows that bank digitization has significant differences on different dimensions of green transformation. The above analysis shows that bank digitization should be deeply integrated with the green transformation of enterprises, and the former should be deeply embedded in supervising, forcing and empowering enterprises to upgrade environmental protection technology and sewage treatment, and the regulator should formulate a more detailed environmental protection disclosure program to realize the consistency "words" and "deeds" of the green transformation of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As China gradually transitions towards a low-carbon energy structure, the proportion of grid-connected new energy sources like wind and solar power continues to increase. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power system while meeting the capacity planning for future new energy installations, there is a need for flexible resources with corresponding adjustment capabilities in the power system. In response to this situation, this paper presents an optimization model for the allocation of multiple types of flexible resources that takes into account spatiotemporal response characteristics. Firstly, a flexibility evaluation model is developed based on spatial and temporal response characteristics. Flexibility evaluation indices, such as flexibility average deficit and flexibility coverage index, are constructed. These indices are used for screening nodes with inadequate flexibility in the power system and analyzing the flexibility adequacy at various nodes. Next, the adjustment characteristics of multiple types of flexible resources are analyzed, and a model for their adjustment capabilities is established. Finally, by considering constraints based on time flexibility evaluation indices, a two-stage optimization model for flexible resource allocation is constructed. This model leverages the multiscale matching characteristics between flexibility resources and the fluctuation patterns of new energy sources to guide the allocation of flexible resources at nodes with insufficient flexibility. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed flexible resource allocation method are validated using the IEEE 9-node system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous advancement of the new generation of information technology revolution, digital economy is gradually becoming an important driving force for energy transition while restructuring the new form of the economy. This paper selects panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021, empirically verifies the special impacts of digital economy on green- oriented transition of energy by using the spatial Durbin model, and further constructs a multi-intermediary model to verify its transition pathways. The main findings are as follows: First, the overall level of green-oriented transition of energy in China's eastern coastal areas is relatively high, and the western regions have been more capable of catching up in recent years. Second, digital economy has played a significant role in promoting green-oriented transition of energy, and there is a positive spatial spillover effect. Third, digital economy could indirectly promote the green-oriented transition of energy by promoting the upgrading of industrial structure, improving the level of technological innovation and strengthening environmental regulations. This study provides empirical insights and reference for policymakers in accelerating the comprehensive green-oriented transition of energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a locative media, Blued articulates physical and digital space in the form of localization, giving a mediated visibility to its users who are not visible in physical space, thus making the city a queering code/space. This can transform social accessibility and the ways that gays come together and interact in local spaces. Taking mainland China, dominated by heteronomativity, as a field, this paper focuses on the visibility negotiation and social accessibility practices in Bluedbased queering code/space. Using the digital anthropology method, this study found that Blued-based visibility is essential for non-closeted gay men to gain a sense of local belonging and community inclusion. Offline accessibility is a crucial demand for Blued users, but until then they have negotiated visibility through selective disclosure of social cues. At the same time, Blued users face visibility asymmetries and risks in the pursuit of accessibility. This study then argues that in the Blued-based queering code/space, the gay men constantly reconcile accessibility with others by managing visibility in a heteronormative urban space. In addition, this paper highlights the value of the hybrid of new media and physical space for the public interaction of marginalized groups in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blue Carbon is increasingly popular worldwide, and it also belongs to circular economy field which would last a long period in academy. To further understand the development and characteristics of Blue Carbon, this study uses CiteSpace software to perform quantitative analysis on literature published on Web of Science and Chinese CNKI database with the main topic of "Blue Carbon." The results show that: (1) Since 2009, increasing attention has been paid to Blue Carbon research, among which the United States, Australia and China are the leading countries. (2) Keywords such as "Blue Carbon," "mangrove," "carbon sequestration" and "carbon neutrality" are the high-frequency keywords appearing both in China and the World in recent years. (3) Spartina alterniflora, soil organic carbon, livestock, trophic cascade, biodiversity and seagrass ecosystem clustering are hot topics related to international Blue Carbon research, while organic carbon, seagrass-conservation, methodology, sustainable development, climate change, carbon neutralization, coastal zone and carbon storage are hot topics related to Chinese Blue Carbon research. In addition, based on the research trends of Blue Carbon, this paper attempts to sort out the research framework from three levels: core characteristics, theoretical basis and research methods, respectively. Facing a series of challenges brought by climate change, Blue Carbon research should strengthen the accurate estimations of Blue Carbon sink and its market potential, and explore the reasonable market mechanism and protection mechanism, to respond to realistic demands, solve major concerns and promote new progress in Blue Carbon theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The global trend toward consuming green food is on the rise. College students, as the future consumer base, have sparked significant interest in their inclination toward consuming environmentally-friendly foods. This paper integrates the Theory of Planned Behavior with the Norm Activation Theory to investigate the factors influencing college students' propensity to choose green foods, establishing a comprehensive model. Methods: This study utilized online and paper questionnaires for data collection, distributing them among college students and receiving 350 valid responses. In the data analysis phase, SPSS was employed for statistical data analysis, including descriptive statistics and regression analysis, while AMOS was used for structural equation modeling. Results and discussion: The data analysis results indicate that subjective norms, behavioral attitudes, and individual norms have a significant positive influence on college students' inclination to purchase green food. Purchase intention is indirectly influenced by personal norms and behavioral attitudes through perceptions of consequences. Responsibility attribution indirectly impacts purchase intention of green food through personal norms. Personal norms are indirectly influenced by responsibility attribution through perceptions of consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst growing environmental challenges linked to coal dependence, fostering green innovation in new energy enterprises is vital for sustainable development in China. Although there have been studies on green innovation of new energy enterprises in recent years, few studies have been conducted from the perspective of ESG, whether informal environmental regulation represented by ESG can stimulate the green innovation of new energy enterprises is of great significance to China's construction of a low-carbon and secure energy system. In this paper, from the perspective of informal environmental regulation, based on the ESG ratings of SynTaoGreen Finance's first public newenergy listed companies as an exogenous shock, and taking A-share new energy listed companies as a sample from 2010 to 2021, we empirically verified the effect and mechanism of ESG ratings on the green innovation of new energy companies in terms of the quantity and quality of green innovations by utilizing the Staggered Difference-indifference (DID) model. The findings demonstrate that new energy enterprises' green patent numbers and quality are greatly enhanced by ESG grading. However, there is clear heterogeneity in this green innovation effect, which is particularly visible in new energy firms with state-owned enterprise and greater enterprise scales and a higher level of digitization. The Mechanistic findings suggest that ESG ratings drive green innovation by alleviating financial constraints, reducing agency risk, and boosting R&D, thus providing empirical evidence for the development of a green innovation ecosystem in the new energy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]