1. Oxidation of ultrahigh temperature ceramics: kinetics, mechanisms, and applications
- Author
-
J.A. Haynes, Kenneth Kane, David J. Mitchell, and Bruce A. Pint
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Kinetics ,Ballistics ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Ultrahigh temperature ceramics ,01 natural sciences ,Carbide ,visual_art ,0103 physical sciences ,Oxidizing agent ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Melting point ,Application specific ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Ceramic ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Materials capable of oxidizing in a protective manner at ultrahigh (>1700 °C) temperatures are needed to push beyond this barrier defined by SiC. Although possessing attractive mechanical properties and oxidation resistance, SiC-based materials are ultimately temperature limited by the melting point of SiO2. The vast array of ultra-high and high temperature ceramic literature indicates the majority of these materials, like borides, carbides, MAX-phases, and high-entropy ceramics, fall woefully short regarding oxidation resistance. However, for specific applications, like low-orbit aeropropulsion, high ballistics coefficient atmospheric re-entry, and hypersonic cruise, there are a few promising materials. In the present review, oxidation criteria are gathered to build application specific heuristics and are then applied to a multitude of ultra-high temperature ceramics to gauge material efficacy. Discussion of oxidation kinetics, mechanisms and reaction products is offered for each material, identifying strengths, weaknesses, and the remaining gaps in our knowledge.
- Published
- 2021