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In this paper, molecular level simulations of a one-dimensional (1-D) hydrogen-air flame are performed at pressures of 0.1 MPa and 1 MPa using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. DSMC has been previously used to successfully simulate hydrogen flames using traditional Arrhenius based reaction rates and using a novel quantum-kinetic (QK) model. The latter only uses collision data for determining the reaction outcome and is used in this study. Fundamental studies of combustion at high pressure are challenging and in this paper, the ability of the DSMC method to simulate hydrogen flames at high pressure is demonstrated. Results from DSMC are evaluated using a skeletal 12-step as well as a more detailed 21-step reaction mechanism, and are compared with those from 1-D Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), showing a reasonable agreement in flame speed, flame temperature and species mass fraction at lower pressure. At high pressure, a good agreement in temperature and species mass fraction is found between DSMC and DNS. However, the flame speed particularly from the 12-step skeletal mechanism is overestimated from DSMC compared to that from the experiments. DSMC shows strong promise to carry out molecular level simulations at higher pressures but require improvements in associated models for better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a high rate of preventable maternal and neonatal deaths. Developing midwifery leadership is vital to addressing the current deficits in health outcomes for women and their babies. The PNG Midwifery Leadership Buddy Program responds to this need through leadership training and partnering of midwives across PNG and Australia. Participants in the program undertake a workshop in Port Moresby and commit to a 12-month peer support relationship with a midwife 'buddy'. To evaluate participants' experiences of the Buddy Program and the impact of the program on leadership skills. All 23 midwives who had completed the program were invited to participate in the evaluation. The study used a concurrent mixed methods approach. Qualitative data were collected via interviews and then thematically analysed. Quantitative data were collected via a survey and analysed with descriptive statistics, then findings were triangulated. Participants reported increased confidence for leadership, action and advocacy. Numerous quality improvement projects were implemented in health services in PNG. Challenges to the success of the program included technological limitations, cultural differences and the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants reported the PNG Midwifery Leadership Buddy Program was successful in increasing their leadership skills and collaborative opportunities, as well as strengthening midwifery more broadly. While there were barriers, most participants valued the experience and believed it benefited them professionally and personally The Buddy Program provides a practical model for building midwifery leadership capacity that may be transferrable to other contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify which treatment modalities are described in the literature for the conservative management of ITBS (1) and to identify research gap (2). The following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE/Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library. The included studies had to report at least one conservative treatment on a human population suffering from ITBS. 98 studies reached the included criteria and seven categories of treatment were identified, i.e., stretching, adjuvants, physical modalities, injections, strengthening, manual techniques and education. Only 32 studies were designed as original clinical studies within which only 7 were randomized controlled trials, while 66 were review studies. Education, injections and medications as well as stretching were the most cited therapies. However, there was a clear discrepancy design. For example, stretching modalities were reported in 31% and 78% for clinical and review studies, respectively. There is an objective research gap in the literature concerning conservative ITBS management. The recommendations are mostly based on expert opinions and review article. More high-quality research studies should be performed for enhancing the ITBS conservative management understanding. • Researchers talk more about ITBS rather than studied it. • There is an objective gap in the literature about ITBS management. • There is few high quality RCT, this could lead to misinterpretation. • A two-stage ITBS management seems relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Virtual (screen-based) simulations assist nursing students' clinical learning. • A collection of open access and fee-based virtual technologies is presented. • Results meet a need for educators to access virtual simulation applications. Virtual (screen-based) simulations have been utilized to help progress pre-licensure nursing students' remote clinical learning during the recent pandemic. This mapping review, reports an anthology of virtual simulation technology sources from simulation education web sites and library sources. Two authors verified available sources and categorized these based on cost; either open access, or subscription-based. A list of 40 virtual simulation sources including virtual simulations, virtual reality simulations and virtual games, is presented. These provide faculty with a choice of virtual simulation modalities for various levels of nurse learners. Numerous virtual simulation technology applications are available for educators to utilize in teaching nursing students. Results from this review meet a need for educators to access virtual simulation applications to include in their education curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy and total assessment time (TAT) of the "All-in-one" (AIO)-window/level setting for whole-body computed tomography (CT) image compared to multiple tissue-specific window/level settings conventionally used for detection of traumatic injuries.Method: Contrast-enhanced chest, abdomen, and pelvic CT scans of 50 patients who presented to our emergency department (ED) for major trauma were retrospectively selected. In a simulation of a "wet read" performed at the CT scanner console, 6 readers with different levels of experience had up to 3 min to describe any traumatic finding identified on the CTs. The readers reviewed each patient in two different sessions separated by a washout period to suppress any recall bias from one session to the next. Each scan was reviewed once using the AIO-window/level setting and another time using the conventional bone, lung, and soft tissue window/level display settings, in a randomized order. The CT reports were used as reference standard.Results: Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in the assessment accuracy of the review based on the AIO or the conventional window/level settings (0.89 ± 0.09 vs 0.90 ± 0.08). Using the AIO-window/level settings, TAT was 14.3 s faster when compared with the conventional window/level settings (2.33 ± 0.63 vs 2.57 ± 0.51 min; p < 0.001).Conclusions: In a time-delimited image review, similar diagnostic accuracy was reached faster using the AIO vs the conventional window/level settings. When providing a "wet read" at the CT console, the ability to identify traumatic injury using a single AIO-window/level may help expedite patient management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To (1) describe return to running (RTR) programs used during rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR); and (2) provide clinical guidelines for RTR program after ACLR. Scoping review. We searched the MEDLINE (Pubmed), EMBASE, Web of Science and PEDro databases. We included randomized controlled trial (RCT), cases series, meta-analyses, both scoping and systematic reviews including a rehabilitation program after ACLR with a specific RTR program. A "Running program checklist" (RPC) was elaborated based on the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR), and on the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) checklist. The percentage and number of studies specifying each of the running program checklist items in their RTR program were reported. Number of items reported in each study and specific analysis item-by-item were also proposed. The "When (2)" item was the most frequently found (92.19%) and, conversely, the "Who (1)" item appeared only in four studies (6.2%). One-third of the studies presented only one item of the RPC, and 48 of the 64 articles discussed less than three items. Two studies described in detail their RTR program by reporting 8 and 9 items out of the 10, respectively. No study presented 10 of the PRC items. There is a serious lack of information concerning RTR program following ACLR in the literature and further studies are needed to establish a program based on the best evidence. • Return-to-running phase is a crucial part of the ACLR rehabilitation. • Studies provide few information about the return-to-running phase after ACL. • Clinical guideline for return-to-running program after ACLR is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bibliometrics is a quantitative method for identifying leading research. • The eight most influential studies present a simulation overview. • Studies provide faculty with ready access to simulation knowledge. • Simulation-based education is a priority in nursing education and faculty need to become expert purveyors of this approach. • We conducted a citation analysis to identify the most influential simulation studies. • Our results form a knowledge resource for nursing faculty. Simulation studies in nursing education are increasing, highlighting the need to identify the most cited and influential studies. A bibliometric analysis aimed to describe performance characteristics of the top 40 cited nursing simulation studies within the last three years, mined from the Scopus database. The top 40 studies were published between 2003 and 2017. There was a median study age of 13 years and citations ranged from 674 down to 70. Overall, using 2019 citations as a baseline, extracted articles showed strong citation gains of a median 21% over the last three years. The top cited studies focused on development of simulation-based education and associated learning outcomes. Literature reviews emerged as key information sources, accruing significantly higher citation counts than primary research and descriptive studies. The scholarship of evidenced based simulation is still maturing. Findings from this study enable an understanding of citation outcomes and foci for future impactful research. Additional mapping is required to further understand relationships between the research constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify, critically appraise and synthesise evidence of the use and effectiveness of the arts for enhancing pre-registration/prelicensure healthcare students' empathy skills. A systematic review of mixed methods literature. A search of six electronic databases was conducted. Articles describing English language, peer-reviewed, primary research studies reporting empathy as an outcome of an arts-based intervention with pre-registration/prelicensure healthcare students (years 1–7) and published between 2000 and 2024 were eligible for inclusion. The JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis guided the review and a convergent segregated methodology was used to synthesise the results. Methodological rigour of included studies was examined using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Twenty studies from 12 countries described the use of the arts to develop empathy, with visual arts being the most common approach (n = 8). Other modalities included film, drama, digital stories, literature, creative writing, music, poetry, photography and dance. Studies included nursing, medicine and dental, pharmacy and/or health sciences students. Ten studies used quantitative methods, three qualitative, and seven used mixed methods designs. Of the studies that presented pre-post outcome measures, nine reported significant gains in empathy scores at post-test and two reported non-significant gains in empathy. In eight studies, empathy scores demonstrated a significant intervention effect with effect sizes ranging from moderate (d = 0.52) to large (d = 1.19). Findings from qualitative studies revealed that arts pedagogies support students to better understand the perspectives of people with a lived experience of suffering but that these approaches are sometimes perceived negatively by students. Arts interventions generally have a positive effect on healthcare students' empathy levels and enable a nuanced conceptual understanding of empathy. Arts modalities used as a stimulus for active learning and supported with facilitated group-based discussion and/or reflection, tend to be most effective. • Arts-based pedagogies enhance can healthcare students' empathy skills. • A nuanced conceptual understanding of empathy can be gained thorough use of the Arts. • The metaphorical nature of Arts modalities can elicit deep emotions and reflections. • Arts modalities supported with group-based discussion are most effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop an evidence-based framework of nurse preceptor competency domains and competency descriptors for use in nurse preceptor professional development. Nurse preceptors are registered nurses who coach, support and assess nursing students while simultaneously caring for patients. Working as both clinician and educator requires preceptors to develop additional skills. However, preceptor preparation is often overlooked and may not be evidence based. A modified e-Delphi study. A three-phase e-Delphi method informed the study that was conducted between March and September 2023. In the first preparatory phase an expert group distilled the results of a previous literature review identifying seven preceptor competency domains and more than 200 competency descriptors. Two e-Delphi rounds followed. A 70% rater agreement response threshold was chosen as appropriate in this study. The CREDES reporting framework was followed. In the preparatory phase, the expert group (n=6) reached consensus on six preceptor domains and 57 preceptor descriptors. In Round 1, nurse preceptors (n= 89) rated the domains and descriptors using a four-point Likert scale; from not important to very important. Six domains and 34 competency descriptors were ranked as very important'. Round 2 participants (n=30) who opted in from Round 1 indicated their 100% agreement with the Round 1 results. The results reveal that preceptors resonate intuitively with the six domains Role model, Facilitator, Leader, Evaluator, Teacher and Coach and the related descriptors. The preceptor evidence-based competency framework offers registered nurse preceptors and their employers the opportunity to focus efforts in developing a nurse preceptor workforce. The framework can be used to design preceptor professional development and offers registered nurses a self-assessment tool to identify their preceptorship skills strengths and areas for development. If implemented in these ways the framework may benefit healthcare organisations to provide quality nurse preceptorship, thus enhancing the clinical learning experiences of nursing preceptees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combination of genome-wide linkage and whole-exome sequencing was used to identify a homozygous missense mutation in FADD, encoding the Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) which cause dominantly inherited autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) in the patients. The results provide insight into the key role of FADD in Fas-dependent and Fas-independent signaling pathways in humans and genetic basis of the complex clinical disorder and some of the key mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.06.025 Byline: Hazel J. Nichols (a), William Amos (a), Michael A. Cant (b), Matthew B.V. Bell (a), Sarah J. Hodge (b) Abstract: Of key importance for understanding cooperative societies is the way in which reproductive opportunities are distributed among group members. Traditionally, skew has been thought of as a product of intrasexual competition. However, cooperatively breeding species often live in mixed-sex groups, so the behaviour of one sex has the potential to influence skew in the other. We addressed the importance of inter- and intrasexual conflict in determining reproductive skew through a study of paternity sharing in the cooperatively breeding banded mongoose, Mungus mungo. Unlike banded mongoose females, where reproductive skew is low, males exhibited high skew, with 85% of paternities being assigned to the three oldest males in each group. Individual males appeared unable to monopolize reproduction because females come into oestrus in synchrony and mate multiply. Instead, older males increased their success by mate guarding the oldest, most fecund females. Our findings therefore highlight the importance of mate choice in males and reveal the behavioural differences between the sexes that generate reproductive skew. They also emphasize the considerable influence that female behaviour can have on male reproductive skew. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, U.S.A. (b) Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, U.S.A. Article History: Received 21 January 2010; Revised 6 April 2010; Accepted 24 June 2010 Article Note: (miscellaneous) MS. number: 10-00049R

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.03.003 Byline: P.M. Buston, H.K. Reeve, M.A. Cant, S.L. Vehrencamp, S.T. Emlen Abstract: Reproductive skew theory provides a compelling explanation for the partitioning of reproduction among individuals within animal societies. One constructive criticism of the theory is that there are too many models, all of which have different assumptions and predictions, which makes it difficult to know what to test. Here we begin the process of tackling this problem, by re-examining the assumptions and predictions of basic concession and restraint models, two transactional models that are often tested as alternatives. Concession models assume that the dominant has complete control over the allocation of reproduction but may yield some of the group's reproduction to prevent the subordinate from voluntarily departing. Restraint models assume that the subordinate has complete control over the allocation of reproduction but may not claim all of the group's reproduction to prevent the dominant from forcibly evicting it. We show that the group dissolution tactics that individuals use (forcible eviction or voluntary departure) need not be an assumption of the model, but rather they can be predicted using Hamilton's rule and the standard variables of skew models. We reveal that the assumption that one individual (dominant or subordinate) has complete control over the allocation of reproduction is an idea common to both models, and we resolve this semantic difference by calling this individual 'the allocator'. We show that, regardless of the group dissolution tactics that individuals adopt, the allocator's share of the reproduction always increases as relatedness increases, as group productivity increases, and as constraints on leaving to breed elsewhere intensify. We conclude that concession and restraint type models make qualitatively similar predictions, and should not be tested as alternatives. In summary, this study makes the transactional framework of reproductive skew more general, by eliminating restrictive assumptions, and more amenable to testing in the field, by clarifying assumptions and predictions. Author Affiliation: (a) National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, U.S.A. (a ) Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, U.S.A. (a ) Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, U.K. Article History: Received 23 December 2005; Revised 7 April 2006; Accepted 12 March 2007 Article Note: (miscellaneous) MS. number: A10331R

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2005.10.002 Byline: Sarah G. Cant Abstract: This paper examines historical geographies of speleology in Britain between 1935 and 1953. As the study of caves, speleology was constructed as a sporting-science. The paper traces the formation and activities of the British Speleological Association, the influence of the speleologist Eli Simpson, arguments relating to the practice of speleology, and the formation of the Cave Research Group in 1947, to examine the geographies of science that emerge through speleology. By tracing some of the spatial, social and practical issues within the histories of speleology, distinct social and regional geographies are uncovered. Debates about practising science, definitions of speleology as sporting-science and 'the right kind of speleologist' complicate the geographical histories of speleology within Britain. As well as emphasising the spatial outcomes of these issues, I suggest that personality can also impact upon geographies of science in profound ways. Author Affiliation: School of Geography, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.03.040 Byline: Michael A. Cant Abstract: The recent development of reproductive skew (RS) theory shows striking parallels with that of parent-offspring conflict (POC) theory a decade earlier. In particular, the concept of 'battleground' and 'resolution' models in POC theory is equally relevant to RS theory. The battleground of conflict in POC and RS has been defined by different constraints (which I term 'optimization' and 'group stability' constraints, respectively). This distinction is not inherent but arises simply because POC models assume that the fitness benefits of an increasing share of resource show diminishing returns, whereas skew models assume a linear relation between reproductive share and fitness. Incorporating diminishing returns into skew models reveals a simple and almost wholly neglected explanation for reproductive sharing. Models of POC have moved on from simply defining the battleground to consider how conflict within it is resolved. The development of analogous models for RS theory is at a relatively early stage. In particular, more work is needed to understand the manner and extent to which overt aggression can mediate reproductive control. Lessons learned from attempts to test POC theory can help guide tests of RS theory, and provide information on both the nature of the battleground over reproduction and the mechanism by which conflicts are resolved. Author Affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge Article History: Received 26 November 2004; Revised 9 February 2005; Accepted 15 March 2005 Article Note: (miscellaneous) MS. number: RV-56

To evaluate the quality of student nurses' experiences and overall satisfaction with professional experience placements at a regional Australian University. Professional experience placements are a crucial component of pre-registration nursing programs. However, the absence of standardised approaches to assess placement quality has created uncertainty on what constitutes a high-quality placement from a student's perspective. Cross-sectional survey. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was administered online to 800 second and third year undergraduate nursing students at an Australian university. The survey contains demographic questions (e.g., year of study, placement specialty, duration, setting and geographic location), a validated Placement Evaluation Tool and free-text comments. The Placement Evaluation Tool is a 20-item questionnaire that measures two key factors: clinical environment (factor 1), learning support (factor 2) and overall satisfaction of students' learning experiences during a professional experience placement. A descriptive analysis was conducted to evaluate the student's overall experience and satisfaction. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the relationship between the quality of the student experience and demographics and presented as beta coefficient (β) and confidence interval (CI). Free-text comments were thematically analysed. A total of 1104 survey responses were received (as students may rate more than one placement), with an estimated 71% response rate. Most responses (60.3%) were third-year students. Most students experienced high-quality placements, reflected in the overall positive placement experience (PET item 1–19 score: mean 85.9 out of 95) and high student satisfaction (PET item 20: mean 8.53 out of 10). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that the third year of study and public facilities were independent predictors of positive student experiences (β: 2.61, 95% CI: 0.75, 4.47 and β: 3.72, CI: 0.90, 6.55, respectively). Further analysis of PET items related to factor 1 and factor 2 revealed that high positive experiences in public facilities may be due to the higher learning support (β: 2.54, CI: 0.80, 4.27). Three main themes were perceived to be important to students' professional experience: (i) staff and facilitator attitudes, (ii) learning opportunities and (iii) a team-based learning environment. Most students reported high-quality placement experience and high satisfaction; however, a lack of learning support may contribute to less positive student experiences. This finding emphasises the importance of collaboration between clinical facilities and educational institutions to enhance the student's placement experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) model of reproductive partitioning that supports the likelihood of indiscriminate infanticide is presented. The ESS model predicts circumstances when infanticide will become stable and characterizes its effects on the pattern of reproduction within the group. Through this model, it was shown that indiscriminate destruction of the young will not change the level of reproduction. However, it may influence the reproductive behavior of the dominant animals and the subordinates