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While the literature is abundant on hand therapy assessment and treatment of nonsurgical thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis (OA), clarity and uniformity are meager, making it a desirable diagnosis to establish expert consensus. This study aimed to ascertain if consensus exists for the assessment and treatment of nonsurgical management of thumb CMC OA in the hand therapy clinical setting. This was a consensus paper via the modified Delphi approach. A modified Delphi method was used to determine consensus among an expert panel, including hand therapists and hand surgeons, via two online surveys. A consensus paper steering committee (from the American Society of Hand Therapist's research division) designed the surveys and analyzed responses. Consensus was established as 75% agreement among the expert panel. Demographic information was collected from the expert panel. The expert panel included 34 hand therapists and seven hand surgeons. The survey response rates were 93.6% for the first survey and 90.2% for the second survey. Consensus recommendations were classified according to the World Health Organization categorization. These included evaluating the body structures for clinical signs/clinical testing and body functions for pain, range of motion for palmar abduction, radial abduction, opposition, and thumb metacarpal phalangeal flexion/extension, and grip and tripod pinch strength. Further consensus recommendations were for the assessment of function using a region-specific, upper extremity patient-reported outcome measure (activity and participation), environmental factors, outcome expectation, and illness perception within the patient's unique environmental and social contexts. Treatment recommendations included the use of an orthosis during painful activities, a dynamic stability program (stable C posture, release of tight adductors, and strengthening of stabilizers), patient education, joint protection techniques, adaptive equipment, and functional-based intervention. The findings describe the consensus of a group of experts and provide a clinical reference tool on the hand therapy assessment and treatment of nonsurgical thumb CMC joint OA. • A consensus paper using a modified Delphi process to determine consensus on non-surgical assessment and treatment of thumb CMC OA. • Assessment recommendations: evaluate clinical signs/testing, pain, thumb range of motion grip and tripod pinch, a region-specific PROM, environmental factors, outcome expectation, and illness perception. • Treatment: orthosis during painful activities as needed, a dynamic stability program, patient education, joint protection techniques, adaptive equipment, and functional based intervention. • Findings provide a clinical reference tool on hand therapy assessment and treatment of non-surgical CMC joint OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: For many centuries paper was the main material for recording cultural achievements all over the world. Paper is mostly made from cellulose with small amounts of organic and inorganic additives, which allow its identification and characterization and may also contribute to its degradation. Prior to 1850, paper was made entirely from rags, using hemp, flax and cotton fibres. After this period, due to the enormous increase in demand, wood pulp began to be commonly used as raw material, resulting in rapid degradation of paper. Spectroscopic techniques represent one of the most powerful tools to investigate the constituents of paper documents in order to establish its identification and its state of degradation. This review describes the application of selected spectroscopic techniques used for paper characterization and conservation. The spectroscopic techniques that have been used and will be reviewed include: Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, X-Ray spectroscopy, Laser-based Spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled Mass Spectroscopy, Laser ablation, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Simple method provided for extracting viroid RNA, using commonly available laboratory materials and reagents. • Equivalent yields of viroid RNA obtained using new method and a commercial, silica spin-column extraction method. • Method thoroughly validated using field samples in two independent laboratories. An easy, rapid and inexpensive method of preparing RNA template for a reverse transcription qPCR assay for avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) is described. This method depends on the principle of reversible binding of viroid RNA to filter paper under different concentrations of monovalent cation. Lysis buffers containing either sodium chloride or lithium chloride were compared, and 1.5 M lithium chloride was shown to be optimal for the adsorption of the viroid RNA to the filter paper. The extraction method was validated using field samples and equivalent yields of viroid RNA were obtained using this method and either a commercial RNA extraction kit or a dsRNA chromatography method. The filter paper method of RNA extraction is ideally suited for the large-scale surveillance for ASBVd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of older people dying in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) is increasing globally, but care quality may be variable. A framework was developed drawing on empirical research findings from the Palliative Care for Older People (PACE) study and a scoping review of literature on the implementation of palliative care interventions in LTCFs. The PACE study mapped palliative care in LTCFs in Europe, evaluated quality of end-of-life care and quality of dying in a cross-sectional study of deceased residents of LTCFs in 6 countries, and undertook a cluster-randomized control trial that evaluated the impact of the PACE Steps to Success intervention in 7 countries. Working with the European Association for Palliative Care, a white paper was written that outlined recommendations for the implementation of interventions to improve palliative and end-of-life care for all older adults with serious illness, regardless of diagnosis, living in LTCFs. The goal of the article is to present these key domains and recommendations. Transparent expert consultation. International experts in LTCFs. Eighteen (of 20 invited) international experts from 15 countries participated in a 1-day face-to-face Transparent Expert Consultation (TEC) workshop in Bern, Switzerland, and 21 (of 28 invited) completed a follow-up online survey. The TEC study used (1) a face-to-face workshop to discuss a scoping review and initial recommendations and (2) an online survey. Thirty recommendations about implementing palliative care for older people in LTCFs were refined during the TEC workshop and, of these, 20 were selected following the survey. These 20 recommendations cover domains at micro (within organizations), meso (across organizations), and macro (at national or regional) levels addressed in 3 phases: establishing conditions for action, embedding in everyday practice, and sustaining ongoing change. We developed a framework of 20 recommendations to guide implementation of improvements in palliative care in LTCFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large body of literature on the comparability of mean scores for self-report survey responses gathered using paper-and-pencil and computer data collection methodologies has yielded inconclusive results. However, no comprehensive meta-analysis has been conducted in this field, and those that are available for specific measures have typically not differentiated between studies using between-groups and within-subjects designs. Also, few individual studies, and no meta-analyses, have used correct statistical procedures to determine the equivalence of the two methodologies. Consequently, we conducted two meta-analyses assessing quantitative equivalence (i.e., mean scores), with the first consisting of 144 independent effect sizes from studies with between-groups designs and the second including 70 independent effect sizes from studies using within-subjects designs. Both meta-analyses assessing mean scores indicated equivalence across conditions, with large heterogeneity of variance in the between-groups analysis. Presence of others in both the paper-and-pencil and computer conditions accounted for a significant portion of this variance. Heterogeneity of variance was small for the within-subjects design analysis. Overall, results indicated that the mean scores for self-report surveys using paper-and-pencil and the computer are comparable, although heterogeneity differs for the study designs. Equivalence testing was demonstrated to be the recommended statistical procedure for this type of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been mainly utilized in military applications due to its certainty and efficiency. Nowadays, it is considered to be the first-hand in many civilian applications such as leakage detection. Various technical issues, like power consumption, radio propagation models and sensors need to be considered for different types of applications. WSN has emerged lately as an effective solution for fluid leakage. This paper will discuss four different solutions for leaks in pipelines using wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The WSN-based solutions are magnetic induction based, continuous pressure monitoring, underground to above ground radio propagation and wireless signal networks (WSiN). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the progressive acceleration of globalization in the world, the study of intercultural communication is accordingly flourishing day by day on both domestic and international levels. In order to discern the current trends of intercultural communication research in China and abroad and furthermore provide suggestions for future research, the present study has made an analysis of 368 intercultural communication articles published between 2001 and 2005 in 11 major international and domestic academic journals, among which 203 articles are from 10 major domestic academic journals and 165 ones from the American journal entitled International Journal of Intercultural Relations. Each article is analyzed from two perspectives: the research contents and research methods. The results indicate that intercultural communication research in China is sharply different from research abroad with regards to research contents and methods. The main concern of researchers abroad is intercultural adaptation and intercultural training while the Chinese researchers are mainly concerned with cross-cultural pragmatics. As far as research methods are concerned, most studies abroad are conducted using empirical research methods, the majority of which adopt the quantitative research method. On the contrary, most studies in China are non-empirical research. Of the small number of empirical studies, considerable attention is paid to the mixed use of both qualitative and quantitative research methods. At the end of the paper, constructive suggestions are made for future research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Internet surveys are becoming an increasing popular survey collection method because collection times are quicker and survey costs are lower than other collection techniques. Many studies have been conducted overseas to compare the effects of survey collection modes with results still remaining inconsistent. Fewer studies have compared collection methods for nonmarket valuation surveys, particularly for the more complex stated preference, choice modelling surveys. In this study, a comparison of internet and paper-based surveys is made to determine if the results for overseas studies can be replicated in Australia. The valuation exercise elicited values from Brisbane respondents for future improvements in the environmental condition of the Great Barrier Reef. The results indicate that there were some socio-demographic and attitudinal differences between the two samples and the models developed to explain the influence on choice selection were also significantly different. However, no differences in value estimates were found in the final results; household willingness-to-pay for an improvement in the condition of the GBR was equivalent across collection methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computerized data collection is gaining favor among social scientists because it facilitates easy data management. Computerization is especially attractive to network researchers because of the large amount of data their studies require. This study sought to validate a computerized data collection technique by comparing it with a traditional pencil and paper survey. Results showed that the two produce comparable data, and that the computerized data shows somewhat higher criterion validity and test-retest reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because food and poultry industries are demanding an improvement in written communication skills among graduates, research paper writing should be an integral part of a senior undergraduate class. However, scientific writing assignments are often treated as secondary to developing the technical skills of the students. Scientific research paper writing has been emphasized in an undergraduate course on advanced food microbiology taught in the Poultry Science Department at Texas A&M University (College Station, TX). Students' opinions suggest that research paper writing as part of a senior course in Poultry Science provides students with scientific communication skills and useful training for their career, but more emphasis on reading and understanding scientific literature may be required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] This meta-analysis compares social desirability between paper and computer surveys. [•] Social desirability in computer (Internet/offline) and paper surveys is the same. [•] Some of the large effects found in the past may have been due to sampling error. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Most research data collections created or used by astronomers are intrinsically multi-dimensional. In contrast, all visual representations of data presented within research papers are exclusively two-dimensional (2D). We present a resolution of this dichotomy that uses a novel technique for embedding three-dimensional (3D) visualisations of astronomy data sets in electronic-format research papers. Our technique uses the latest Adobe Portable Document Format extensions together with a new version of the S2PLOT programming library. The 3D models can be easily rotated and explored by the reader and, in some cases, modified. We demonstrate example applications of this technique including: 3D figures exhibiting subtle structure in redshift catalogues, colour-magnitude diagrams and halo merger trees; 3D isosurface and volume renderings of cosmological simulations; and 3D models of instructional diagrams and instrument designs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The objectives of the present study were to determine the impact of computer administration of questionnaires on impression management (IM) and self-deceptive enhancement (SDE) and on the disclosure of sensitive information such as alcohol use and risky sex. College students (N =301) completed several questionnaires in either a computer-administered or paper-and-pencil condition. Respondents who completed the survey on the computer scored significantly higher on SDE than those completing the survey on paper. No differences were found for IM. Respondents in the computer condition also reported a higher level of alcohol consumption and riskier sexual behaviors than those in the paper-and-pencil condition. It is possible that computer administration of surveys creates a social situation that produces a sense of disinhibition in respondents, and this sense of disinhibition may lead to greater reports of risky behaviors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The present study examined the equivalency and test–retest reliability of two administration methods (paper-and-pencil and computerized) of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), and SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36) in a sample of 97 veterans. The two-week test–retest reliability for the conventional paper-and-pencil administrations of the AQ, BIS-11, and the SF-36 in the veteran population were generally reliable and comparable to the test–retest reliability of these measures noted in the research for other populations. Equivalence of the computer vs. paper-and-pencil administrations were examined and results indicated that for the AQ, ICCs for all four subscales and total score were substantially lower for the PC administration. For the BIS-11, ICCs were comparable with the exception of the Motor subscale, which was lower in the PC condition. For the SF-36, two of the domains were higher in the PC condition, with four more being comparable. Overall, the computerized administration of the BIS-11 and SF-36 was found to be equivalent to the “gold standard” paper-and-pencil administration of these measures and can be utilized successfully among veterans. The computerized administration of the AQ, however, was not found to be equivalent to the paper-and-pencil administration of the measure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

To compare responses to personally sensitive questions, 352 undergraduates were randomly assigned to respond anonymously to a survey using one of three survey methods: pencil and paper mail-in, Internet survey, or an automated touch-tone telephone response system. The survey contained 68 brief Yes/No questions ranging from low to high sensitivity in 13 domains, such as general honesty, academic honesty, prejudice, illegal behavior, alcohol use, substance use, violence, and sexual behavior. We found no significant differences (p>0.05) in participants’ responses among these three media for any of the questions. This suggests that for some populations, under some circumstances, Internet and touch-tone telephone systems achieve the same results as traditional pencil and paper surveys. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A survey was conducted among professionals expert in the field of child protection to determine which papers or book chapters they felt had been the most influential. From their responses, a list of the 50 most mentioned papers and chapters was compiled. This list was sent to a large group of child protection professionals with the request that they rank the 15 publications which they considered most important. To compare the views of child protection professionals with the number of times these publications had been cited in the literature, a citation search was carried out. Kempe, Silverman, Steele, Droegemuller, and Silver's (1962) paper "The Battered Child Syndrome" and Summit's (1983) paper "The Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome" received the highest ranking from the professionals. "The Battered Child Syndrome" also achieved the highest ranking in the citation search. Although there were a number of discrepancies between the professional rankings and the citation search, eight papers appeared in the top 15 rankings achieved by the professional survey and the citation search. Such a review of the influence of child abuse literature has limitations, although it does help to show which papers appear to have had an important and lasting influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability, equivalence and respondent preference of a computerized version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOSSSS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Utrecht Coping List (UCL) in comparison with the original version in a general adult population. Internal consistency, equivalence and preference between both administration modes was assessed in a group of participants (n =130) who first completed the computerized questionnaire, followed by the traditional questionnaire and a post-assessment evaluation measure. Test–retest reliability was measured in a second group of participants (n =115), who completed the computerized questionnaire twice. In both groups, the interval between first and second administration was set at one week. Reliability of the PC versions was acceptable to excellent; internal consistency ranged from α =0.52–0.98, ICC’s for test–retest reliability ranged from 0.58–0.92. Equivalence was fair to excellent with ICC’s ranging from 0.54–0.91. Interestingly, more subjects preferred the computerized instead of the traditional questionnaires (computerized: 39.2%, traditional: 21.6%, no preference: 39.2%). These results support the use of computerized assessment for these five instruments in a general population of adults. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: To explore the barriers associated with the adoption of the Alberta Nutrition Guidelines for Children and Youth in schools according to characteristics of the innovation (guidelines) and the organization (schools). Design: Cross-sectional telephone survey. Setting and Participants: Schools in Alberta, Canada. Principals from 357 schools. Main Outcome Measure: Barriers to adopting the nutrition guidelines. Analysis: A 19-question telephone survey, including open- and closed-ended questions, was used to obtain information regarding schools' characteristics and barriers to adopting the guidelines. Qualitative data were coded according to common themes a priori, based on constructs from the Diffusion of Innovations framework. Results: Schools reported many barriers related to the relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity of adopting the guidelines. Parents' resistance to change and cost were the key reported barriers. Lack of knowledge, student preferences, the physical location of the school, and barriers related to the provision of healthful food were also reported. Conclusions and Implications: Disseminating guidelines without providing adequate support for their implementation may not promote change within the school setting. School nutrition initiatives need to involve the parents and have access to sufficient financial and human resource support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social interface theory has had widespread influence within the field of human–computer interaction. The basic thesis is that humanizing cues in a computer interface can engender responses from users similar to those produced by interactions between humans. These humanizing cues often confer human characteristics on the interface (such as gender) or suggest that the interface is an agent actively interacting with the respondent. In contrast, the survey interviewing literature suggests that computer administration of surveys on highly sensitive topics reduces or eliminates social desirability effects, even when such humanizing features as recorded human voices are used. In attempting to reconcile these apparently contradictory findings, we varied features of the interface in two Web surveys and a telephone survey. In the first Web experiment, we presented an image of (1) a male researcher, (2) a female researcher, or (3) the study logo at several points throughout the questionnaire. This experiment also varied the extent of personal feedback provided to the respondent. The second Web study compared three versions of the survey: (1) One that included a photograph of a female researcher and text messages from her; (2) another version that included only the text messages; and (3) a final version that included neither the picture nor the personalizing messages. Finally, we carried out a telephone study using a method—interactive voice response (IVR)—in which the computer plays a recording of the questions over the telephone and respondents indicate their answers by pressing keys on the telephone handset. The IVR study varied the voice that administered the questions. All three surveys used questionnaires that included sensitive questions about sexual behavior and illicit drug use and questions on gender-related attitudes.We find limited support for the social interface hypothesis. There are consistent, though small, effects of the “gender” of the interface on reported gender attitudes, but few effects on socially desirable responding. We propose several possible reasons for the contradictory evidence on social interfaces. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper evaluates a recently developed method for extracting policy positions from political texts, known as Wordscores. This computerized content analysis technique is a potentially powerful tool for scholars interested in the study of political elites, since it promises an easy and efficient way of inferring policy position from texts and speeches. In this article, we provide a systematic evaluation of this promising method. Using Danish manifestos and government speeches from 1945 to 2005, we compare the policy positions extracted using Wordscores with measures of positions from the well-known Comparative Manifesto Project and cross-validate these with party expert surveys. Our analysis shows that the word scoring technique arrives at largely similar estimates to independently derived position measures and produces time series of government positions with high face validity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Web-based surveys (WBS) are increasingly applied in epidemiological studies as an appealing alternative to traditional survey methods. Rapid data collection, reduced expenditure and ease of access to large populations are some of the clear advantages of online surveys. However, WBS are still subject to limitations in terms of sample size, response rate and other additional biases compared to traditional survey methods. In the present study, we seek to validate data on food allergy (FA) in two independent sample populations collected from a WBS, and compare it to a paper-based survey (PBS). Methods: Data collected from two survey modes were compared by hypothesis testing for independent sample population. The WBS included 1185 respondents, while the PBS included 9039 respondents. Results: Overall, the data from the WBS were comparable to the PBS conducted over the same period of time in Vietnamese adults. There were no effects of different survey modes on the lifetime prevalence of doctor-diagnosed FA (5.7%; P = 0.7795, β = 0.05) and IgE-mediated FA (5.8%; P = 0.9590, β = 0.05). Both surveys showed the dominance of seafood allergy in this population (up to 2.6%), followed by beef allergy. Close correlation was seen in the patterns of FAs and different clinical symptoms. The contribution of family history of allergic diseases and place of residence to FA were confirmed in both surveys. Conclusions: The consistency of the WBS results with the PBS indicates a promising application of online surveys as an economic and validated model for future epidemiological studies, specifically in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The U.S. Department of Energy Big Sky Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership completed drilling the world’s first continental flood basalt sequestration pilot borehole to a total depth (TD) of 1253 m at a paper mill site near the town of Wallula located in Southeastern Washington State. Site suitability was assessed prior to drilling by acquisition, processing and analysis of a four-mile, five-line, three component seismic swath, which was processed as a single data-dense line. Analysis of the seismic survey data indicated absence of major geologic structures that would preclude CO2 injection at the site. Drilling of Wallula pilot borehole was initiated on January 13, 2009 and reached TD on April 6, 2009. Hydrogeologic information was obtained primarily during borehole drilling/advancement utilizing a progressive drill-and-test characterization strategy. A general decreasing transmissivity trend with depth pattern was observed, which is consistent with results exhibited for Columbia River basalt interflow zones at a number of other deep wells in the region. Based on the comparative results from 10 test intervals, a candidate injection test zone was identified between the general depth interval of ∼828 and 875 m bgs. Over this interval, three brecciated interflow zones were intersected and isolated for CO2 injection. The flow tops have moderate permeability (75 to 150 millidarcies) and are bounded by thick flow interiors that have extremely low (microdarcy) permeability. The borehole configuration established at the Wallula pilot site provides a unique opportunity to scientifically study the reservoir behaviour of three connected reservoir intervals confined between primary and secondary caprock zones. The permitting process for the CO2 injection has proceeded in accordance with formal rules for geologic sequestration projects enacted in June 2008 into the underground injection control program administered by the Washington State Department of Ecology. The permitting process is expected to conclude in October 2010 and injection would begin soon thereafter. Post-injection monitoring includes long-term sampling of water retrieved from the injection zone, shallow groundwater and soil gas monitoring, and PSInSAR. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: To investigate the effect of font size and paper thickness on the response to, and completion of, a self-completion postal questionnaire among older people with joint pain.Study Design and Setting: Randomized trial. People aged 50 years and older with joint pain who consulted a general practitioner at one of five general practices in Central Cheshire were sent a postal questionnaire. Questionnaire format (large or small font size, thick or thin paper) was randomly allocated using a 2 x 2 factorial design.Results: Questionnaires were received from 502 out of 650 participants (crude response 77%). Response was significantly higher for participants receiving questionnaires with a larger font size (79.3% vs. 75.2%; hazard ratio 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.56). Paper thickness had no significant effect on response. Completion (measure by assessing double-page turnover error) was increased in participants receiving questionnaires printed on thicker paper (3.2% vs. 7.1%; P=0.049) but was not affected by font size.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that questionnaires in larger font and on thicker paper may produce higher and more complete responses than surveys using standard size font and standard thickness paper, and should therefore be considered in studies among older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Electronic versions of questionnaires have the potential to improve research and interventions in the addictions. Administering questionnaires electronically to groups, however, has proven difficult without a multitude of computers, but gathering data electronically from a group could make for easy assessment and quick feedback. Using a sample of 107 college students, we examined the validity of wireless keypad survey responses by comparing them to traditional paper-and-pencil questionnaires. The two formats led to almost identical responses that did not differ significantly from each other (all effect sizes less than g =.15) and high correlations between formats. The wireless, handheld keypad procedure appears to generate data that are as valid as questionnaire responses and permit rapid feedback to groups, as well as easy, human error-free data entry for analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The prevalence of depression related to precarious employment (PE) has become a significant public health concern, given the declining trend of the standard employment relationship. Research has focused on the mental health detrimental effects of employment conditions, whereas there is scarce evidence concerning the burden of depression that could be prevented by targeting precariousness. This paper estimates the impact of PE on the risk of depression and the attributable fraction within the active and working salaried population in Spain. Observational cross-sectional on data drawn from the Spanish portion of European Health Survey 2020. After applying selection criteria and descriptives, binary logistic regression models stratified by sex are used to examine the associations between a 9-categories combination of employment precariousness and occupational social class, and depressive symptoms. There is a higher risk of depression among individuals in PE and among those who are unemployed, with a notable gradient based on occupational social class for women. Adjusting by sex, age and foreign-born origin, we estimate that approximately 15.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0%–26.2%) of depression cases among the working population and 33.3% (95% CI: 23.2%-43.2) among the active population can be attributed to PE. These findings highlight the public health impact of PE on mental health, provide evidence to estimate the economic burden linked to employment-related mental health, and underscore the need for policy changes and interventions at the level of labour markets and workplaces to mitigate the detrimental effects of PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Objective: To determine the degree to which mailed survey response rates, response times, and nonresponse bias are affected by questionnaire size and color. Study Design and Setting: Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 2,000 Mayo Clinic patients in one of four size/color “test” groups. One thousand three hundred nine surveys were completed, approximately two-thirds in each group. Results: A small (6⅛×8¼in) questionnaire booklet on white paper had a higher response rate (68.4%) than a similarly sized questionnaire on blue paper (62.3%). A large (8¼×11in) questionnaire on white paper had a 62.7% rate, whereas a large, blue questionnaire had a response rate of 68.6%. Median response times did not differ by questionnaire size/color. No evidence of differential nonresponse bias was observed across the four test groups. Conclusion: This study supports the use of a small/white questionnaire format advocated by the Total Design Method advanced by Don Dillman at Washington State University. We observed a favorable response rate for a large questionnaire printed on blue paper; however, if time and resources are limited, use of a small/white questionnaire appears preferable. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study examines the cost-sharing models used by the Anatolian University Libraries Consortium (ANKOS) to determine the amounts that university libraries pay for each consortial subscription. A survey was conducted among library directors and managers of ANKOS member universities to evaluate cost-sharing models in order to create improved models. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed in SPSS, the first time that these cost-sharing models have been assessed on the national level. The results of the study are presented for the benefit of other consortia and scientists/researchers and library professionals working in the field. This article takes a historical and descriptive approach and uses statistical methods to analyze the results of the survey. It also focuses on obtaining objective results from the Consortium members' feedback. As with other library consortia all over the world, many different cost-sharing models have been used by ANKOS. As a result of this study, the most suitable models have been determined for different scales of academic libraries. In negotiations with publishers and vendors, priority will be given to price models preferred by member institutions. The material presented should be useful for all academic librarians concerned with consortium systems, cost-sharing, and e-resource management, especially in the developing world. This paper also provides some key points for academic librarians in the process of establishing a consortium. This paper is an example of successful academic library consortium activities in a developing country and examines, in detail, the developments, opportunities, and challenges experienced since the establishment of the consortium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper utilizes Benford's law, the distribution that the first significant digit of numbers in certain datasets should follow, to assess the accuracy of self-reported health expenditure data known for measurement errors. We provide both simulation and real data evidence supporting the validity assumption that genuine health expenditure data conform to Benford's law. We then conduct a Benford analysis of health expenditure variables from two widely utilized public datasets, the China Health and Nutrition Survey and the China Family Panel Studies. Our findings show that health expenditure data in both datasets exhibit inconsistencies with Benford's law, with the former dataset tending to be less prone to reporting errors. These results remain robust while accounting for variations in survey design, recall periods, and sample sizes. Moreover, we demonstrate that data accuracy improves with a shorter time interval between hospitalization and interviews, when the data is self-reported as opposed to proxy responses, and at the household level. We find no compelling evidence that enumerators' assessments of respondents' credibility or urgency to end interviews are indicative of data accuracy. This paper contributes to literature by introducing an easy-to-implement analytical framework for scrutinizing and comparing the reporting accuracy of health expenditure data. • Applied Benford's Law to assess health expenditure data accuracy. • Detected inconsistencies with Benford's Law in two widely used datasets. • Found inpatient expenditure data to be more accurate than total expenditure. • Emphasized caution against relying on enumerators' opinions to indicate data accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore antimicrobial management processes in Australian residential aged care facilities (RACFs), including antimicrobial prescribing, supply, administration, and documentation to inform surveillance activities. Voluntary, online cross-sectional survey. The survey was disseminated to all South Australian RACFs (n = 237) seeking participation from an infection prevention and control lead (preferred respondent), a nurse or senior RACF staff member, or an aged care pharmacist. The survey was open during May-June 2023. Questions aimed to understand clinical and medication management systems, sources of antimicrobial prescription and supply, management by external health care providers and documentation of antimicrobial administration. A process map of antimicrobial management in RACFs was developed. Of the 54 RACFs included in the analysis (29.5% response rate), most used an electronic clinical documentation system (74.1%) or a hybrid electronic paper-based system (22.2%). Medication charts were either electronic (81.0%), hybrid (5.6%), or paper-based (13.0%). Antimicrobials were prescribed by the resident's usual general practitioner, but also by locums, hospital or specialist physicians, nurse practitioners, virtual care physicians, and dentists. Oral, topical, and inhaled antimicrobial formulations were usually supplied by community pharmacies, and intravenous formulations were predominately supplied by hospitals for administration by outreach nurses. Almost all RACFs (96.2%) had imprest stock of antimicrobials that included both oral and intravenous formulations. Antimicrobials were predominately administered by an enrolled nurse or a registered nurse. Antimicrobial management in RACFs is complex, particularly during care transitions. Multiple prescribers and sources of antimicrobials, use of different systems for clinical documentation, particularly by external health care providers, and clinical governance relating to imprest supplies were identified as key areas where medication management could be improved. Addressing these gaps will facilitate comprehensive, real-time antimicrobial surveillance in Australian RACFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper examines the selection mechanism underlying the association between overweight/obesity and educational aspirations of adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study based on a survey conducted in secondary schools in Spain in 2016. We estimate linear probability models to determine the association between adolescents' body mass index (BMI) and their expectations to obtain a university degree, as well as their school choices representing the most usual path towards higher studies. To address the potential endogeneity of BMI, we use the instrumental variables (IV) method. Additionally, we account for potential unobserved heterogeneity by including school fixed-effects and a wide set of individual and family characteristics in our analysis. Our results indicate that adolescents with a higher BMI have lower expectations to obtain a university degree and are less likely to enrol in high school with the intention to pursue higher education in the future. The estimated effect is quite sizable and statistically significant only for girls. We estimate that a five-unit increase in BMI (e.g., the change between healthy weight and overweight) reduces girls' expectations to complete higher education by 19 percentage points and odds of enrolling in high school (vs. vocational training) by 21 percentage points. We provide empirical evidence supporting the selection hypothesis behind the relationship between BMI and adolescents' educational aspirations. That is, unhealthy weight in adolescence is associated with poorer aspirations for further education. Lower educational aspirations during adolescence can lead to lower academic achievement, which in turn, may result in poorer health, labour market outcomes, and well-being during adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As many services convert to digital based on human-machine communication technology, older adults face considerable challenges. With the goal to identify ways to design digital services that are easier for older adults to use, this paper uses the strategy of making self-ordering kiosks more similar to the original version (i.e., paper menu) focusing on three familiarity design approaches: representation, manipulation, and organization. A 2 (skeuomorphic vs. flat design) x 2 (hierarchical vs. linear navigation structure) between-subject design experiment was conducted with individuals aged over 65 years (N = 60). Participants perceived that the skeuomorphic design was easier to use compared to the flat design, and the linear navigation structure increased perceived self-efficacy, usefulness, and intention to use compared to the hierarchical navigation structure. Participants also completed the tasks more quickly in the skeuomorphic design (vs. flat design) and linear navigation structure (vs. hierarchical structure) conditions. Interaction effects suggest that the task completion time was further reduced when skeuomorphic design was used with a linear navigation structure. Furthermore, fewer people requested assistance when they used a linear navigation structure. Serial multiple mediation results showed that the influence of linear navigation structure on intention to use was mediated by perceived self-efficacy and usefulness. • Skeuomorphic design offers better user experience for seniors than the flat one. • Linear navigation structure offers better user experience for seniors than the hierarchical one. • Combining skeuomorphism and linear structure decreases the task completion time. • The effect of linear navigation structure on intention to use is mediated by self-efficacy and perceived usefulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent review of missing data in pharmacy literature has highlighted that a low proportion of studies reported how missing data was handled. In this paper we discuss the concept of missing data in survey research, how missing data is classified, common techniques to account for missingness and how to report on missing data. The paper provides guidance to mitigate the occurrence of missing data through planning. Considerations include estimating expected missing data, intended vs unintended missing data, survey length, working with electronic surveys, choosing between standard and filtered form questions, forced responses and straight-lining, as well as responses that can generate missingness like "I don't know" and "Not Applicable". We introduce methods for analysing data with missing values, such as deletion, imputation and likelihood methods. The manuscript provides a framework and flow chart for choosing the appropriate analysis method based on how much missing data is observed and the type of missingness. Special circumstances involving missing data have been discussed, such as in studies with repeated or cohort measures, factor analysis or as part of data integration. Finally, a checklist of questions are provided for researchers to guide the reporting of the missing data when conducting future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the characteristics of central bank websites across a large sample of central banks. We systematically derive and quantify these characteristics across three dimensions: text, visual presentation, and website performance. We then conduct a survey to isolate the main determinants of user experience. We find that websites with higher visual complexity and lower visual contrast are perceived as more clear and credible. We build a set of time series metrics based on historical website data to capture the evolution of central bank websites with respect to clarity, attractiveness, ease of navigation, and credibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a survey of 305 manufacturing SMEs in China, this paper examines the influence of integrating into innovation ecosystems on the development of SMEs. The results show that: (1) There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the integration into innovation ecosystems and the innovation capability of SMEs. Moreover, with the increase of the population richness of innovation ecosystem, the inverted U-shaped curve will become steeper and the curve vertex will move to the left. (2) The breadth of the integration into innovation ecosystems is positively correlated with the dynamic capability of SMEs, while the depth of the integration into innovation ecosystem is negatively correlated with the dynamic capability of SMEs. In addition, the population richness of innovation ecosystem will strengthen the positive effect of the integration breadth and weaken the negative effect of the integration depth. This paper not only deepens the academic understanding of the relationship between innovation ecosystems and enterprises, but also provides practical guidance for SMEs to achieve development via integrating into innovation ecosystems. • The integration into innovation ecosystem is a double-edged sword for SMEs. • Integration breadth and depth have an inverted U effect on innovation capability. • Integration breadth (depth) has a positive (negative) effect on dynamic capability. • Population richness plays as a moderator between the above relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Considering the existing surveys in the literature of the person re-identification, we propose a multi-dimensional taxonomy. • We review recent person re-identification models' performance to provide an insight into the state-of-the-art accuracy level. • We discuss privacy concerns to encourage the research community to introduce privacy-by-design and default systems. • We discuss several issues that were caused by the recent exponential increase in the number of published papers. • We point out several challenging future directions in the field of person re-identification. Person re-identification (re-id) addresses the problem of whether " a query image corresponds to an identity in the database " and is believed to play a fundamental role in security enforcement in the near future, particularly in crowded urban environments. Due to many possibilities in selecting appropriate model architectures, datasets, and settings, the performance reported by the state-of-the-art re-id methods oscillates significantly among the published surveys. Therefore, it is difficult to understand the mainstream trends and emerging research difficulties in person re-id. This paper proposes a multi-dimensional taxonomy to categorize the most relevant researches according to different perspectives and tries to unify the categorization of re-id methods and fill the gap between the recently published surveys. Furthermore, we discuss the open challenges with a focus on privacy concerns and the issues caused by the exponential increase in the number of re-id publications over the recent years. Finally, we discuss several challenging directions for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to both professional journalists and news users, news should be relevant. While a great deal of research that treats relevance as co-constructed starts from the text of news stories, this paper asks how news users explicitly construct the (ir)relevance of particular news reports, taking a language-centered lens to open-ended survey responses. This paper makes a methodological argument in favor of a language-centered approach to open-ended survey data. Given the ubiquity of online surveys in many social science disciplines, the present paper provides an example of how this approach can deepen our understanding of survey responses. We find that news users construct relevance at varying scales, using a number of linguistic strategies of self-reference. Those who said they found the story they saw relevant used pronouns with a different distribution than those who did not, and these differences exceeded chance. In general, those who referred to themselves as members of larger collectivities were more likely to say they found a news story relevant, suggesting that relevance is discursively constructed in part through practices of self-reference. • Relevance of news stories is discursively constructed through self-reference. • Self-reference as a member of larger collectivities may be linked to more relevance. • We provide example of novel language-centered approach to survey data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper presents a methodology to correct OD matrices obtained from smartcard data, which in presence of fare evasion are incomplete and may be biased. • We distinguish partial fare evasion (only one trip stage) from complete trip fare evasion. • The application shows that complete trip fare evasion is more relevant than partial fare evasion in Santiago de Chile. • This is a first step of a work that can be enriched considering other types of fare evasion and other data sources. Origin-Destination matrices obtained from smartcard data are very valuable because they contain vast amounts of information and can be obtained at a very low cost. However, they can only account for trips paid by smartcard. Trips paid by other means, as well as non-paid trips, must be incorporated using additional information. This paper discusses the biases that are introduced due to fare evasion and presents a sequential method to estimate correction factors due to partial evasion in some trip stages, as well as total fare evasion in all trip stages, using external information regarding trips not registered in the smartcard database. We apply this method to the case of Santiago, Chile, where partial evasion (during a bus trip stage prior to a Metro trip stage) and total evasion (during all bus-only trip stages) are relevant fare evasion situations. Information from the Santiago Metro Origin-Destination survey and from external fare evasion measurements is used. The results indicate a 5% partial evasion rate for bus trip stages prior to Metro trip stages, and a 37% total fare evasion rate for bus-only trips. This paper is a contribution towards establishing new methods to feasibly obtain OD matrices through the adequate merging of automatically-collected data with complementary traditional measurements and survey instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) was proposed by Zhang and Li in 2007, this interesting framework has attracted a considerable attention from researchers. In MOEA/D, a multiobjective optimization problem is decomposed into a series of aggregated subproblems, which are optimized simultaneously in a collaborative way by using the information from their neighboring subproblems. The decomposition approach has significant impact on MOEA/D as it directs the evolutionary search. Many improved MOEA/D variants proposed various kinds of decomposition approaches and have shown promising performance for different kinds of problems. In this paper, we give a survey of decomposition approaches, which are classified into five categories, i.e., the tradition decomposition, the modified Tchebycheff decomposition, the modified penalty-based boundary intersection decomposition, the constrained decomposition, and other special cases of decomposition. Moreover, discussions are further given in this paper to analyze the performance of different decomposition approaches. One clarifies the difference between Tchebycheff decomposition and Pareto-based domination. The other one compares the performance of various decomposition approaches on different benchmark problems. Experiments results have demonstrated that the Tchebycheff decomposition and its varieties are robust on solving most problems while some specific decomposition approaches are very effective for some problems with special features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by the fact that many nonlinear plants can be represented through Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) embedding, and being this framework very popular for control design, this paper investigates the available Model Predictive Control (MPC) policies that can be applied for such systems. This paper reviews the available works considering LPV MPC design, ranging from the sub-optimal, simplified, yet Quadratic Programming (QP) algorithms, the tube-based tools, the set-constrained procedures, the Nonlinear Programming procedures and the robust ones; the main features of the recent research body on this topic are examined. A simulation example is given comparing some of the important techniques. Finally, some suggestions are given for future investigation threads, seeking further applicability of these methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to identify the drivers of eco-innovation in start-ups. Firstly, a discriminant analysis (DA) is applied to study what is distinctive about eco-innovative start-ups as compared to non-eco-innovative start-ups. Secondly, a typology of eco-innovative start-ups is developed using a hierarchical ascendant clustering (HAC). Analyses are carried out using original data from a survey of 120 eco-innovative and non-eco-innovative French start-ups. Discriminant analyses reveal that the founders of eco-innovative start-ups are differentiated by characteristics related to their environmental education and professional experience. Furthermore, eco-innovative start-ups are distinguished from the non-eco-innovative start-ups by voluntary environmental practices, such as the adoption of corporate social responsibility policies. Finally, we show that there is a diversity of profiles of eco-innovators. In fact, firms cluster into five main profiles and exhibit different eco-innovation drivers. We highlight that the different types of eco-innovators do not face the same difficulties in accessing funds. These findings have important implications for the implementation of public policy designed to promote eco-innovative activity, and they highlight the need to design policies that take into account the distinctive character of each profile. • The first objective of this study is to identify the factors differentiating eco-innovative start-ups from non-eco-innovative startups. • Three main factors are identified and discussed in light of previous literature. • The second objective of this paper is to identify the different profiles of eco-innovative start-ups. • Based on the hierarchical ascendant clustering analysis we identify five profiles that exhibit different eco-innovation drivers. • We discuss how public policy may adapt their support strategy according to the different profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to investigate the flux and spectral index distribution of FR II radio galaxy 4C 14.11. We focused on the distribution of flux and spectral indices over the lobes, as well as in their hot spots. For that purpose, we used publicly available observations of this radio galaxy given at 1450 and 8440 MHz. Particularly, we used Leahy's Atlas of radio-emitting double radio sources, Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics in Manchester, as well as NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. We found that the non-thermal (synchrotron) radiation dominates over the areas of the lobes. Distinction between hot spots and rest of the lobes are much smaller in the spectral index than in the flux. We also found that over the inner parts of both lobes, spectral index α is flat in average and significantly higher than 1.2, indicating that 4C 14.11 is old AGN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the colonial era in Indonesia has ended, the legacy of conflict persists. Current conflicts between native and Chinese Indonesians has a colonial underpinning as well. The Dutch classified Chinese Indonesians as middle class, having higher status than natives which changed in the post-colonial era. This classification and the consequent status changes created competitive victimhood beliefs among both groups and impacted each other's perception, which evolved into stereotypes and persisting conflicts. This paper is based on an online survey study conducted among native and Chinese Indonesians (N = 656) who are divided by ethnicity, religion, language, and their different histories of collective victimhood but united by being part of the Indonesian nation. Using structural equation modeling, we hypothesized and found that exclusive victimhood and ethnic identity predicted higher, whereas Indonesian national identity predicted lower prejudice, and in turn, higher prejudice predicted lower support for reconciliation. These findings have theoretical implications for research on social identity and collective victimhood and practical consequences for understanding intergroup relations in multi-ethnic post-colonial contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides the first rigorous account of the diverse characteristics of transgender individuals at the population level, using data from Danish population registers. We observe three transgender subpopulations within the same national setting: all who changed thier legal sex (T-Legal, n = 1,995), all who have been assigned trans-related diagnostic codes (T-ICD, n = 1,594), and those who self-identified as transgender in a representative survey (T-Survey, n = 197, weighted n = 44,958). Results show significant differences in the subpopulations' backgrounds, family, education and labour market characteristics, and healthcare use. These differences extend beyond comparisons with the general population to great variations between each of the transgender subpopulations. Individuals with legal sex changes, and particularly those with trans-related diagnostic codes, face substantial disadvantages across various outcomes. Compared to the general population and the T-Survey subpopulation, the T-Legal subpopulation and the T-ICD subpopulation have significantly higher numbers of psychiatric hospital visits, lower educational attainment, lower annual earnings, and reduced employment rates, also when controlling for background characteristics. Earnings and employment rates remained significantly lower also when controlling for educational attainment. Our results show that the strategy chosen to identify trans individuals in population data has a great impact on the characteristics observed, and that trans individuals captured by surveys do not necessarily represent all transgender individuals, including those who seek to medically or legally transition. Furthermore, our results indicate that high numbers of trans individuals observed in surveys do not necessarily correspond to high demands for gender-affirming treatments or legal sex change. Finally, we show that transgender individuals who seek gender-affirming healthcare constitute a distinct and significantly disadvantaged group, also compared to other trans subpopulations. • We identify three transgender subpopulations within the same national setting. • Subpopulations differ greatly in education, health care use, employment, and earnings. • Those with trans diagnostic codes make up the most disadvantaged subpopulation. • Those who self-identify as trans are largely similar to the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic provoked a large impact on tourism because of the enforcement of harsh travel restrictions and the increased global health risks caused by international mobility. This paper utilizes a longitudinal analysis to tests the impact of COVID-19 on tourists' health risk perceptions, and their relationships with destination image perception and visiting intentions. Tourists are surveyed at two different points of time, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Multi-group structural equation modeling is utilized for the comparison of the relationships at the two points of time. The results show that the negative influence of health risk perceptions on destination image perception and visiting intentions are significantly larger after the COVID-19 pandemic while there are no significant differences in the impact of destination image perception on visiting intentions. Thus, not only are tourists more sensitive to health risk perceptions after COVID-19, but this higher sensitivity has larger impacts both on their perceptions of destination image and on the behavioural implication. The results have useful implications in terms of the need to dedicate more efforts for the management of health conditions of destinations after COVID-19. • Presents a framework for conceptualizing and assessing health risk perceptions in tourism destinations in two scenarios, pre and post-pandemic. • Longitudinal appraisal of the impact of the pandemic on health risk perceptions. • Quantitatively testing the effects of the pandemic on health risk perception and health-related behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, our paper attempts to advance a dual-process model from online social support to individual resilience via diverse social capital (bonding and bridging) and political beliefs (political efficacy, political trust and city identification). Drawing on a survey of 446 residents in Shanghai, China, the findings indicate that neither informational nor emotional social support directly affects individual resilience, but indirectly influences it through different pathways. Specifically, bridging social capital mediates informational social support and individual resilience, but bonding social capital might not follow a similar path. Notably, political efficacy and political trust are involved in the above mediation between informational social support and individual resilience. Besides, the serial mediation effect of emotional social support on individual resilience via bonding social capital and then city identification or political trust is also significant. Our findings are expected to reveal the mechanism of resilience construction and prepare for the future public health crisis. • Neither informational nor emotional social support directly predicts individual resilience in China during the COVID-19. • Bridging social capital mediates the relationship between informational support and resilience. • Political trust explains the mechanism from social support to resilience via both bonding and bridging social capital. • Political efficacy acts in the sequential mediation of informational support, bridging social capital, and resilience. • City identification acts as the pathway connecting emotional support, bonding social capital, and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how the social and built environment shapes preference on protectionist immigration policy, generalised trust, and life satisfaction. It seeks to understand the intergroup processes that underpin intergroup contact and acculturation in the neighbourhoods by combining an individual-level survey (n = 1188) with census information on housing resale transactions (as proxy of socio-economic class) and other geospatial points of interest. Analyses of spatial big data revealed that neighbourhoods with a higher density of ethnic minorities and immigrant households are characterised by lower trust and quality of life. In contrast, neighbourhoods with a higher density of immigrant households are associated with a preference for a protectionist immigration policy (mitigated by proximity to community clubs). These environmental factors are associated with the outcome even after controlling for individual-level differences. Importantly, the findings underscore the enduring influence of ethnicity and immigrant identities more than the socio-economic background of the neighbourhood. Intergroup contact alone is insufficient to foster inclusion, especially in locales densely populated with ethnic minorities and immigrant communities. Shared amenities, such as community clubs, were found to play a crucial role in creating a conducive environment for meaninful contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Marine Stewardship Council's (MSC) Fisheries Standard is a voluntary standard that sets requirements for wild capture fisheries to be assessed against, indicating sustainability to the supply chain and consumers. The MSC programme has always sought to engage stakeholders in the development and implementation of their standards to ensure a transparent and robust approach to certification. At least every five years, the MSC reviews its Fisheries Standard to ensure it aligns with global best practice and current science. Recognising the participation of stakeholders in standard development is key to an acceptable output, more than 600 were consulted during the latest Fisheries Standard Review (2018 – 2022). With efforts to seek views from a variety of stakeholders from a diverse geographical background, the MSC's approach encompassed consultation through a variety of means, from light engagement through frequent, high-level communications to focussed events to seek input from smaller groups of stakeholders with detailed, technical expertise. Exploring the methods used by the MSC, this paper reflects on the benefits and limitations of each. Further, there were a number of challenges dealing with a complex and often polarised network of stakeholders which are considered for how well they were overcome. Looking to the future, we reflect on ways to further improve stakeholder interaction with the MSC process and discuss learnings that can be applied to stakeholder engagement policy more generally. This is key to creating a seafood standard that has the support of stakeholders, which is essential for the success of voluntary certification schemes. • Stakeholder mapping at the start of consultation and throughout is important. • Defining 'good consultation' should be done at the outset of any process. • Transparency is valuable in policy development including stakeholder consultation. • A range of methods should be applied to reach a variety of stakeholders. • There needs to be a balance between targeted consultations and broader approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using cross-sectional data from a representative sample of the French population (the 2008 Disability Health survey), this paper examines whether the SF-6D, a widely used preference-based measure of health-related quality of life in economic evaluations, fully captures the variation in subjective well-being (SWB) due to chronic illnesses. We conduct a mediation analysis to disentangle the direct and indirect, through the SF-6D, effects of various chronic conditions on SWB (happiness). Our results show that the SF-6D reflects changes in happiness due to most illnesses except mental illness. Changes in SWB mediated by the SF-6D account for 74% of the total effect. The variation unexplained by the SF-6D is significant and increases substantially in the presence of multimorbidity when a chronic illness is combined with anxiety or depression. Overall, our results suggest that the SF-6D incompletely captures the subjective experience of chronically ill patients, especially those with comorbid conditions. • 74% of the effect of chronic illness on happiness is captured by the SF-6D. • The SF-6D does not fully capture the effect of mental illness on happiness. • The effect not captured by the SF-6D increases significantly with multimorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]