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• Studies using strict definitions to investigate the association between metabolic phenotypes (MP) and diabetes are scarce. • Participants with obesity/healthy MP were not at increased diabetes risk compared to the ones with normal weight/healthy MP. • Reduced grip strength was associated with a higher risk of diabetes incidence in the long-term. • High grip strength attenuated the risk associated with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes. The association of diabetes risk in the long-term, metabolic phenotypes (MP) and muscle strength is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between strictly defined MP, grip strength (GS) and diabetes. MP were defined according to BMI and presence of any individual metabolic abnormality for ≥18 years, in participants of the North West Adelaide Health Study (Australia) free of diabetes at baseline. The association of MP and dominant hand GS with incident diabetes over 15-years follow-up and the moderation effect of GS on the association between diabetes and MP were investigated by logistic regression models. Of 3039 participants followed over 13.3 years (SD 2.6), 236 (7.8%) developed diabetes. Compared to the metabolically healthy (MH) normal weight phenotype, the metabolically unhealthy (MU) overweight (OR 6.15, 95%CI 2.43–15.59) and obese (OR 12.32, 95%CI 4.97–30.52) phenotypes were associated with a high risk of diabetes, but not the MU normal weight (OR 1.73, 95%CI 0.57–5.25), MH overweight (OR 1.15, 95%CI 0.31–4.31) or MH obese phenotypes (OR 0.77, 0.07–8.89). GS was inversely associated with diabetes (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99) and attenuated the risk associated with MU overweight (beta = −0.296, p = 0.039) and MU normal weight (beta = −0.773; p for interaction = 0.009). Strictly defined MP (rather than based on metabolic syndrome criteria) and GS, a proxy of muscle strength, might be useful for stratifying the risk of diabetes in the long-term. Improving muscle strength might be an important strategy to reduce diabetes risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Investigate associations of objective and subjective indicators of sleep impairment and disorders with low muscle strength (LMS) in different age groups and genders using data from a population-based cohort study.Methods: Polysomnographic and subjective sleep data from participants (aged 40-80 years) of the HypnoLaus study (Lausanne, Switzerland) were cross-sectionally analyzed. Indicators of sleep impairment and disorders were based on pre-defined cutoffs. LMS was defined according to the diagnosis of sarcopenia (grip strength <27 kg for men and <16 kg for women). Results obtained by multivariate logistic regression were controlled for confounders.Results: 1902 participants (mean [SD] age, 57.4 [10.5] years; 968 [50.9 %] female) were enrolled. Objective short (<6.2 h) and long sleep durations (>8.5 h) were associated with LMS (OR = 1.74, 95 % CI = 1.07-2.82; OR = 6.66, 95 % CI = 3.45-12.87, respectively). Increased nighttime wakefulness >90 min and severe obstructive apnea (OSA) (AHI > 30) were associated with LMS (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI = 1.01-2.56; OR = 2.36, 95 % CI = 1.29-4.31, respectively). In adults aged over 60 years, these associations persisted, and reduced sleep efficiency was associated with LMS (aOR = 1.81, 95 % CI 1.05-3.13). Objective long sleep duration was associated with LMS in both genders and severe OSA predicted LMS among women (aOR = 2.64, 95 % CI 1.11-6.24).Conclusions: Markers of early sarcopenia are affected by long sleep duration from middle age onwards in both genders. Older adults are more susceptible to the effects of other indicators of inappropriate sleep duration and quality. The findings support a potential role of sarcopenia in age-related OSA. The intricate relationships between sleep and muscle health are potential targets of public health interventions and clinical research on preventive and therapeutic strategies against the increasing morbimortality observed with ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: First, to conduct a detailed exploration of the prospective relations between four commonly used anthropometric measures with incident diabetes and to examine their consistency across different population subgroups. Second, to compare the ability of each of the measures to predict five-year risk of diabetes.Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of individual participant data on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip and waist-height ratio (WHtR) from the Obesity, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Collaboration. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between a one standard deviation increment in each anthropometric measure and incident diabetes. Harrell's concordance statistic was used to test the predictive accuracy of each measure for diabetes risk at five years.Results: Twenty-one studies with 154,998 participants and 9342 cases of incident diabetes were available. Each of the measures had a positive association with incident diabetes. A one standard deviation increment in each of the measures was associated with 64-80% higher diabetes risk. WC and WHtR more strongly associated with risk than BMI (ratio of hazard ratios: 0.95 [0.92,0.99] - 0.97 [0.95,0.98]) but there was no appreciable difference between the four measures in the predictive accuracy for diabetes at five years.Conclusions: Despite suggestions that abdominal measures of obesity have stronger associations with incident diabetes and better predictive accuracy than BMI, we found no overall advantage in any one measure at discriminating the risk of developing diabetes. Any of these measures would suffice to assist in primary diabetes prevention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Soy isoflavone is beneficial for menopausal/postmenopausal symptoms, including sleep complaints. However, little is known about its longitudinal association with sleep in the general population. Objective Our aim was to investigate the association between soy isoflavone intake and sleep duration and daytime falling asleep among Chinese adults. Design A longitudinal analysis was performed. Soy isoflavone intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Sleep duration was self-reported at two time points. Occurrence of daytime falling asleep was determined at follow-up. Short and long sleep were defined as sleep <7 h/day or ≥9 h/day, respectively. Participants/setting Adults aged 20 years and older from the Jiangsu Nutrition Study (2002-2007) with complete isoflavone intake and sleep duration data at both time points (n=1,474) were analyzed (follow-up, n=1,492). Main outcome measures We measured sleep duration in 2002 and 2007 and daytime falling asleep occurrence in 2007. Statistical analyses performed Mixed-effects logistic regression was performed for repeated measures between isoflavone intake and sleep duration. Logistic regression was performed for daytime falling asleep at follow-up. Demographic, anthropometric, and social factors were adjusted in the analyses. Results The prevalence of long sleep duration was 18.9% in 2002 and 12.6% in 2007, and the prevalence of daytime falling asleep was 5.3%. Compared with the lowest quartile of isoflavone intake, the highest quartile was associated with a lower risk of long sleep duration (odds ratio=0.66; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.90; P for trend=0.018) over 5 years. Compared with persistent low intake of isoflavone (less than median intake of isoflavone at two time points), persistent high intake was associated with a reduced risk of daytime falling asleep in women (odds ratio=0.20; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.68), but not men. No consistent association between soy isoflavone intake and short sleep duration was found. Conclusions Soy isoflavone intake was associated with a low risk of long sleep duration in both sexes and a low risk of daytime falling asleep in women but not men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]