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As the rapid urban expansion and the rise of consumer society, urban fringe areas have become an essential place for urban capital to intervene and achieve spatial regeneration, and it has triggered the consumerization and transformation of space. Taking Guangming Town in the urban fringe area of Shenzhen as an example, this paper reveals the process and dynamics of spatial consumerization transformation under the influence of capital intervention. It examines the intricate mechanisms of capital operation underlie the production of space, and endeavors to explore a novel model of rural spatial regeneration in China's urban fringe areas. This paper found that the production of space in Guangming Town under the capital intervention includes the material production and social relations production. With the reconstruction of spatial form and relationships, new local products, spatial configuration, social services and organizational relations are generated, forming a consumption space with heterogeneous landscape, market institutionalized management, commercialization and symbolization. The realization of the production of consumption space in urban fringe areas is based on the joint action of core elements such as land, capital and government, which provide the material foundation, operational power and coordination organization for space consumption. These promote capital to complete the triple cycle of "acquiring land - creating space scarcity - realizing space consumption", and then realizing space reproduction and capital appreciation. In the Chinese context, the spatial transformation and production of urban fringe areas should not be regarded as a local practice of Western counter-urbanization or rural gentrification theory. Rather, it as a new spatial regeneration mode that harmonizes urban and rural production, lifestyles and development trajectories. This paper offers valuable practical insights and analytical perspectives for promoting integrated urban-rural development and fostering a new type of urbanization, thereby broadening the regional framework of rural development. • Capital intervention shapes space by material and social relations production, leading to space consumerization. • Land, capital and government are the core elements to achieve production of consumption space in urban fringe areas of China. • China's urban fringe areas realize space reproduction through land acquisition, creating space scarcity, and consumerization. • Space consumerization of China's urban fringe areas is a new spatial regeneration mode, coordinating urban-rural elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Gentrification as a state-building strategy. • Highlights the role of the territorial state in gentrification. • Draws attention to the state-society dynamics of land control. • Examines gentrification at China's rural-urban interface. • Shows comparative nuances of a gentrification theory beyond the urban Global North. This paper examines the territorial politics of gentrification at China's rural-urban interface. Drawing on empirical fieldwork in Shenzhen, it is shown that gentrification in China can be seen as a state-making strategy deployed by the government to consolidate territorial control and extend the reach of the state. Unlike conventional accounts of gentrification which assumes the universality of formal, property-based land tenure, this paper highlights how the prevalence of informality and non-privatized property rights in the post-socialist context produces distinct dynamics of gentrification and state-society interactions at the rural fringe of Chinese cities. While gentrification is often seen as a place-making strategy espoused by entrepreneurial states to attract investment and bolster consumption, it also functions as a state-building tactic for recovering and materializing land rights where property rights are uncertain, under-defined and contested. In the process, uneven patterns of direct and indirect displacement can be observed which reflected a more complex reality than the class replacement thesis commonly found in traditional gentrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both state-led and market-led institutional arrangements have been experimented in China to form collaborative governance among diverse stakeholders in participatory urban regeneration. Relatively less is known about how institutional arrangements as structural constraints impact the formation of collaborative governance. Building upon Giddens' structuration theory and collaborative governance theory, this paper develops a novel framework that converges on the reciprocity between structural and agency elements and applies it to two residential regeneration cases in Shenzhen. The findings reveal that in residential regeneration, the state-led institutional structure has a greater capacity than the market-led structure to create relational links for community participation. Various factors, including variations in land property rights, path dependencies and institutional certainties, explain the findings. The formation of collaborative governance relies on the shaping effect of structural elements on agents' behaviors in institutional design, including well-designed rules to regulate sanctions, constitute common meaning and premium-allocated resources in accordance with stakeholders' responsibilities. These findings contribute to a better understanding of collaborative governance and help improve participatory urban regeneration policymaking in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deployment of electric vehicles has attracted growing attention and is now seen as a possible pathway for a transition towards sustainable transportation. This paper provides insight into the commercialization of electric vehicles in Shenzhen focusing on business innovation and the regulatory context in which it occurs. Using the business model canvas framework, this paper analyzes interactions between enterprises and governments along the value chain of electric vehicles in the bus and taxi fleets. It also discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the Shenzhen model both in business innovation and government regulation for promoting electric vehicle use. This paper finds that Shenzhen has succeeded in fostering a distinct government-enterprise cooperation model that not only reduces the financial pressure on the local government to promote electric vehicle use, but also gives enterprises significant leeway to experiment with various innovative business models. The joint result of these efforts is that the commercialization of electric vehicles has become feasible for delivering the public transport service (buses and taxis) in Shenzhen. Still, this paper argues that the current model of Shenzhen can be further enhanced by: 1) encouraging private investment in charging infrastructures by means of public–private-partnerships; and 2) standardizing electric-vehicle technologies and production to break down the local protectionism in the electric vehicle market. The Shenzhen model acts as a source of inspiration by pointing out the significance of integrating business innovations and government regulations to facilitate the deployment of electric vehicles, which provides practical lessons for industrial players and policy makers in other cities. Furthermore, this work offers theoretical references regarding the application of the multi-actor perspective and the business model canvas framework to analyze the actors and interactions along the value chain of innovative technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 caused the vast majority of passenger flights to be grounded, but the crisis raised the importance of the network of dedicated cargo flights and, therefore, interest in its development. This paper aims to evaluate the Chinese scheduled freighter network (CSFN) via its topological properties and to explore its changes following the COVID-19 pandemic. Using spatial analysis with the complex network theory (CNT), the paper found that the CSFN displays small-world and scale-free network properties, similar to that of air passenger network. Hangzhou, Shenzhen and Nanjing are the dominant national hubs in the CSFN because they host the headquarters of many e-commerce giant enterprises and have relatively underutilized airport capacities. The CSFN has improved since the COVID-19 pandemic, with increased network average degree, clustering coefficient, and closeness, and reduced average path. These improvements were mainly driven by major hub cities whose centralities had been strengthened with more route connections. Since China's air passenger traffic had quickly restored in the second half of 2020, we argue that the changes in the CSFN during COVID-19 were unlikely to be a result of the substitution effect between freighter and passenger aircraft. It was more likely a result of the higher air cargo demand during the pandemic and airlines' realisation of the importance of freighter operations in China. • We evaluate the Chinese scheduled freighter network (CSFN) via its topological properties. • We explore the changes in the CSFN following the COVID-19 pandemic. • Hangzhou, Shenzhen and Nanjing are the dominant national hubs in the CSFN. • The CSFN has improved since the COVID-19 pandemic. • The change was driven by higher air cargo demand during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper is the second in a series of three papers aimed at understanding the emissions of vehicles in China by conducting on-board emission measurements. This paper focuses on light-duty gasoline vehicles. In this study, we measured 57 light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) in three Chinese mega-cites (Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen), covering Euro 0 through Euro IV technologies, and generated CO, HC, and NOx emission factors and deterioration rates for each vehicle technology. The results show that the vehicle emission standards have played a significant role in reducing vehicle emission levels in China. The vehicle emission factors are reduced by 47–81%, 53–64%, 46–71%, and 78–82% for each phase from Euro I to Euro IV. Euro 0 vehicles have a considerably high emission level, which is hundreds of times larger than that of Euro IV vehicles. Three old taxis and four other Euro I and Euro II LDGVs are also identified as super emitters with equivalent emission levels to Euro 0 vehicles. Of the measured fleet, 23% super emitters were estimated to contribute 50–80% to total emissions. Besides vehicle emission standards, measures for restricting super emitters are equally important to reduce vehicle emissions. This study is intended to improve the understanding of the vehicle emission levels in China, but some key issues such as emission deterioration rates are yet to be addressed with the presence of a sufficient amount of vehicle emission measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Urban regeneration often involves complicated power relations among different stakeholders, in addition to the multi-actor governance structure. With a theoretical underpinning of the concept “regime building”, this paper examines how urban coalitions are being forged or dismantled in the process of redevelopment of urban villages in China. More importantly, this paper aims at illustrating how different forms of power relations eventually assist, deter and impact on the outcome of urban regeneration in this rural–urban transition in China. From examining the two cases (one more satisfactory than the other) in Shenzhen, we find that local authority in China plays a much more influential role than their counter-parts in the West. In addition, urban coalitions tend be more formal than that depicted by the Urban Regime theory. The more satisfactory case in this paper illustrates that the local authority which is diplomatic in their negotiation and shows commitment to support the private sector in the process of regeneration, especially in terms of resources and planning policy, tends to build more sustainable coalition that works, and vice versa. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Since 2008, the urban redevelopment in China has entered a new era mainly characterised by the new redevelopment model proposed and practised in Guangdong province. In the new wave of urban redevelopment towards a more inclusive type of governance, the roles of various agents or stakeholders in the decision-making processes have changed correspondingly. Building upon Healey and Barrett's structure and agency approach in the land and property development process, this paper develops an analytical framework specifically to explore the decision-making processes and mechanisms in this urban redevelopment experiment conducted in China. The empirical basis of this paper is a pioneer city in urban redevelopment within Guangdong province, Shenzhen. Through exploring the redevelopment trajectory of a local collective-owned factory, the roles played by different stakeholders at each stage of the redevelopment process are clarified. The conflicts and compromises between land owners and the developer on the distribution proportion of potential profits, and between the district government and the developer on the inclusion and provision of public facilities, have revealed the key decision-making mechanisms of collective-owned industrial land redevelopment in China, which offer valuable insights and experiences for industrial land redevelopment in other cities. • An analytical framework is developed to explore the decision-making processes. • The case study reveals the roles of actors and their interaction patterns. • Various stakeholders have their own rights to participate in the negotiation arena. • The developer has become a key coordinator to ensure the decision-making process. • The roles of the municipal and district governments have changed fundamentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How human activities impact on coastal ecosystem during rapid urbanization is one of the hot spots in the coastal management study. In this paper, we comparatively evaluate changes in the positive and the negative ecological elements of Shenzhen's coastal zone in the rapid urbanization process to understand impacts of human activities. The positive and the negative ecological elements divided by built of classification based on extracted land uses from multi-source remote sensing images and land-use degree index. Then landscape indexes such as AWMSI, ED, PSSD, PSCOV at the class level and CONNECT, SHEI at both class level and landscape level were used to reveal spatial and temporal differentiation of impacts of human activities on ecological elements. Results revealed that impacts of human activities on coastal ecosystem were stronger in west coast than that in east coast, and environmental protection awareness of government began to enhance from 2000, whereas the ecosystem health didn't become better. Future urbanization plans about coastal zones need to consider the ecological benefit of the landscape pattern from both a local and global point of view. This method can contribute to the sustainable management of other coastal zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In China, dual nature of ownership leads to two land development tracks. • While top-down land development is dominant, bottom-up land development may be equally pivotal. • The paper applies SEM to estimate the reciprocal relationships between land ownership and land development in Shenzhen. • The paper demonstrates how land ownership and land development are interconnected at China's urban fringe. The rate of land urbanization has grown rapidly in recent decades in China, and a growing body of literature has investigated the driving forces behind it. The dual nature of China's land ownership system, in which top-down and bottom-up land development form two separate tracks, is frequently cited in these studies. While top-down land development is dominant, bottom-up land development, which has traditionally been overlooked in academic studies, may be equally pivotal for land development in China. This study extends traditional urban economic analyses and demonstrates how land ownership and land development are interconnected in China. This study applies structural equation modeling to data taken from Shenzhen, a city where the two tracks of land development coexist, to estimate the reciprocal relationships between land ownership and land development. The results show that the influence of land ownership on land development is significant and that collective ownership has a positive influence on land development; likewise, land development also influences ownership: land development tends to facilitate the conversion of land from collective to state ownership. The study recommends more tailored policies and strategies targeted toward improving management of collective-owned lands while simultaneously advancing urban redevelopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Housing has been acknowledged as one of the principle levels at which neighborhood deprivation occurs in recent literature. The urban political community thus advocates to devise research programs for examining the association between neighborhood housing deprivation and public health. Based on previous social medical studies, this paper proposes a theoretical framework for the mechanistic links between neighborhood housing deprivation and public health; and then quantifies their associations at district level in the case of Shenzhen, China. Data at district level in 2010 are collected for five health outcomes (cardiopathy, chronic pneumonia, general physical fitness, liver cancer, and mental health hospitalizations). Using varimax rotated principle component analysis, we establish an integrated neighborhood housing deprivation index (INHDI) by combining six domains of variables that comprehensively reflect the housing disadvantage (internal facilities, living space, physical form and structure, attached facilities, affiliated natural amenities, affordability). Spatial regression is employed to quantify the association between INHDI and public health, using income, occupation and education as control variables. Results show that housing deprivation acts as a significant exploratory factor for all the health outcomes. Variances decomposition shows that the individual contribution of housing deprivation is stronger than that of socioeconomic disadvantage for cardiopathy, chronic pneumonia and liver cancer. Differently, general physical fitness and mental health hospitalizations are more subjected to the joint impacts of housing deprivation and socioeconomic disadvantage. Path analysis demonstrates that the casual pathways between housing deprivation and public health are quite complex. The developed INHDI can serve as a practical tool to facilitate urban planning with health considerations. This study captures the nuanced health disparities varied with housing deprivation, and therefore produces some more generalized knowledge that ultimately help develop housing construction plans aimed at promoting public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public green spaces (PGSs) play a critical role in enhancing human well-being and urban quality of life. Characterizing the inequalities in PGSs provision can provide essential references for urban planning. This paper employs spatial regression to examine the PGSs provision in association with district sociodemographics in Shenzhen, China. In particular, district sociodemographics are described by ten variables from five aspects: income, occupation, education, demographic structure and housing arrangements. The PGSs provision is measured by six indicators from three aspects: quantity, accessibility, and quality. Results show that PGSs quantity declines with district disadvantage degree of income, occupation and housing. PGSs present lower quality in the wealthier neighborhoods but better quality in districts with housing disadvantage. The socioeconomically disadvantaged districts have more restricted access to PGSs. These findings demonstrate the inequalities in UPGSs provision in Shenzhen. This study informs urban planners of the ‘oasis and desert’ of PGSs provision across space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the degree of airport capacity utilization of 239 China's civil airports in 2019. Our database is unique and very detailed in that we combine actual operation and scheduled flight data. We are particularly interested in the list of capacity constrained airports, their characteristics, and future development. To this end, we develop a classification matrix to investigate capacity constrained airports. We then forecast the demand and capacity of these airports under three scenarios and use the data as inputs for Monte Carlo simulation, to predict the capacity utilization trends of these airports in 2025 and 2035. Our research shows that: (1) There are significant differences between airports in terms of airport congestion status, and over 85% of airports in China experience no overload; (2) Big spatial differences are observed in the distribution of airports with less spare capacity and can be summarized as "more in eastern China and less in western China"; (3) Ten airports stand out as seriously capacity constrained and all of them serves as international or regional hubs; (4) Airport location, airport orientation, and linkage to the local economy are closely related to airport capacity constraints; (5) As most constrained airports are going to increase capacity in the future, as well as the outbreak of COVID-19 negatively affected aviation demand, most airports will have sufficient capacity reserves in the future. However, Shenzhen Bao'an and Xi'an Xianyang International Airport will face heavy capacity pressure. We also provide several recommendations to improve airport capacity utilization and relieve capacity shortages. • a new classification method is developed to identify capacity-constrained airport. • Big spatial differences are observed in terms of airport spare capacity. • Airport location and positioning, politics and economics significance are closely related to capacity utilization. • Only Shenzhen Bao'an and Xi'an Xianyang Airport will face heavy capacity pressure in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parking policy in China is characterized by “high regulation in supply and mispricing.” City governments rely on the “minimum parking requirement,” the conventional approach, to manage parking quantity, which shapes a unique phenomenon called the “developer-led supply pattern.” In this paper, we establish ordinary least squares models to explore “spatial-mismatch” characteristics that result from the current parking policy and infer the latent mechanism of parking supply using geographical correlation analysis. In the case of Shenzhen, we found that few urban factors at the district level are involved in the decision making of developers regarding parking provision, which compromises the endeavor of creating sustainable transport and thus requires further policy intervention. Market force serves its role in strict planning regulations at the neighborhood level because of the dominant role of property developers. These models not only confirm the mismatch of parking supply with the objectives of sustainable urban transport but also reveal the willingness of developers as a driving force that interacts with the regulatory environment. Such willingness leads to a spatially inconsistent, inefficient parking supply pattern over the entire Shenzhen metropolis. Based on these findings, two suggestions are made for parking policy on district and neighborhood bases that address the situation of high-density urbanization in Chinese cities and similar circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The floating population in China has reached 211 million. Most of these people live in overcrowded rental housing with poor conditions. However, they are not as dissatisfied with their residence as expected. Quantitative analysis has seldom been conducted to explore the underlying reasons for this level of satisfaction. This paper aims to fill this knowledge gap by examining the residential satisfaction of migrant workers and analyzing the underlying factors by using two-round survey data in Shenzhen, China. Kinship and friendship, mobility, family life, and housing facilities and services significantly affect residential satisfaction. The effects of institutional factors and residential preferences are not significant. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the housing behavior of migrant workers in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The rapid urbanization of China during the past decades has led to the emergence and development of urban villages. Existing literature has largely focused on the lack of state regulations in the development of urban villages. This paper comprehensively identifies and investigates the institutional constraints on land development in urban villages in China based on a property rights framework and a comparative study on two representative cases in Shenzhen. The key institutional constraints on the land development in urban villages include 1) land insecurity caused by the possibility of government expropriation, 2) unequal access to credit because of unequal land rights, and 3) absence of state regulations on collective land transactions because of the lack of de jure property rights. These institutional constraints weakened the land-related investment incentives and ability of villagers, and resulted in inferior infrastructure and poorly constructed environment in urban villages. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] This paper presents a set of significant indicators for successfully reducing construction waste at the design stage. [•] Six significant indicators are deprived for effective implementation of waste minimization at the design stage. [•] The applicability and significance of the identified significant indicators are explored. [•] These significant indicators provide designers and project managers a useful criterion. [•] These can also sever as valuable references for the government to formulate related construction regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Knowledge and technologies produced in Chinese cities has increasingly taken a greater share of total output of global cities. • The quality of this output has increased over time Chinese cities improve the quality of their knowledge output before increasing the quality of technology. • Only Beijing, Shanghai & Shenzhen compete globally in terms of quality of output – other Chinese cities do not. • This can be a mechanism for increasing regional inequality within China. Are Chinese cities becoming smarter in terms of the knowledge and technologies they produce? For decades, the widely held believe in the global North is that China merely copies, imitates and only incrementally improves ideas. Recently, this believe is increasingly being challenged. In this paper I quantify this process. Using data from about 6,1 million patents and 60 million academic publications I examine the complexity of technologies and knowledge developed in major Chinese cities and compare these to those produced in other global cities. The results show that (1) knowledge and technologies produced in Chinese cities has increasingly taken a greater share of total output of global cities; (2) the quality of this output has increased over time; (3) Chinese cities improve the quality of their knowledge output before increasing the quality of technology; and (4) only Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen compete with other global cities in terms of the quality of output, suggesting emerging regional inequality within China linked to knowledge and technology production. Not only is the size of the Chinese economy increasing, so is the quantity and quality of its knowledge and technology output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: China''s floating population is one of the largest migrations in the world. In recent years, great efforts have been made to identify their socio-demographic characteristics. However, the extent of their concern about the local environment has had less attention in the research. In the major migration cities of China, large numbers of migrants have a serious environmental impact on the ecological environment. Their environmental concerns could influence local environment policy design and environment protection implementation. The role that the temporary nature of the floating population plays in their environmental perception is now attracting the attention of local administrations. Based on an investigation conducted in the Shawan River Basin of Shenzhen City, China, this paper studies the floating population''s environmental concerns and possible movement choices, as well as some socio-demographic features. The results show that the percentage of migrants intending to settle in Shenzhen is much larger than previous studies indicated. As concerns local pollution problems, most respondents seem unconcerned and show indifferent attitudes. In particular, migrants ignore the heavy water pollution, which is the most serious pollution in the Basin. People who intend to settle down have more positive opinions on the local environment. The results also indicate that the migrants do not have enough knowledge or environmental awareness and they lack a sense of belonging, which should concern local supervisors and administration. Better education and social activities should be conducted to improve the situation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The enactment and implementation of the 2003 EIA Law in China institutionalised the role of plan environmental impact assessment (PEIA). While the philosophy, methodology and mechanisms of PEIA have gradually permeated through the various levels of government with a positive effect on the process and outcome of urban planning, only a few cities in China have so far carried out PEIA as a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)-type procedure. One such case is the southern city of Shenzhen. During the past three decades, Shenzhen has grown from a small town to a large and booming city as China has successfully and rapidly developed its economy by adopting the “reform and open door” policy. In response to the challenges arising from the generally divergent processes of rapid urbanisation, economic transformation and environment protection, Shenzhen has incrementally adopted the SEA concept in developing the city''s Master Urban Plan. As such, this paper reviews the effectiveness of PEIA in three ways: [•] as a tool and process for achieving more sustainable and strategic planning; [•] to determine the level of integration of SEA within the planning system; and, [•] its effectiveness vis-à-vis implementation. The implementation of PEIA within Shenzhen''s Master Urban Plan offers important insights into the emergence of innovative practices in undertaking PEIA as well as theoretical contributions to the field, especially in exploring the relationship between PEIA and SEA and highlighting the central role of local governing institutions in SEA development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Despite growing concerns for the variation of urban thermal environments and driving factors, relatively little attention has been paid to issues of spatial non-stationarity and scale-dependence, which are intrinsic properties of the urban ecosystem. In this paper, using Shenzhen City in China as a case study, a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model is used to explore the scale-dependent and spatial non-stationary relationships between urban land surface temperature (LST) and environmental determinants. These determinants include the distance between city and highway, patch richness density of forestland, wetland, built-up land and unused land and topographic factors such as elevation and slope aspect. For reference, the ordinary least squares (OLS) model, a global regression technique, was also employed, using the same response variable and explanatory variables as in the GWR model. The results indicate that the GWR model not only provides a better fit than the traditional OLS model, but also provides local detailed information about the spatial variation of LST, which is affected by geographical and ecological factors. With the GWR model, the strength of the regression relationships increased significantly, with a mean of 59% of the changes in the LST values explained by the predictors, compared with only 43% using the OLS model. By computing a stationarity index, one finds that different predictors have different variational trends which tend towards the stationary state with the coarsening of the spatial scale. This implies that underlying natural processes affecting the land surface temperature and its spatial pattern may operate at different spatial scales. In conclusion, the GWR model is an alternative approach to addressing spatial non-stationary and scale-dependent problems in geography and ecology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Explore spatial patterns and determinants of on-demand food delivery (ODFD) usage. • Use auxiliary datasets and prior knowledge to downscale ODFD usage to 100-m grids. • ODFD usage largely concentrates in more urbanised areas, especially city centres. • Food accessibility and built environment are critical determinants of ODFD usage. • Several factors' impact magnitudes differ between more and less urbanised areas. On-demand food delivery (ODFD) services now produce many motorised trips in Chinese cities that raises environmental concerns. It is therefore crucial to understand where people use ODFD and what factors influence their usage. This paper explores the spatial patterns and determinants of ODFD usage in Shenzhen, China, focusing on the roles of food accessibility and the built environment. The results show that ODFD usage concentrates in more urbanised areas, especially city centres and sub-centres. Furthermore, more ODFD orders are generated in areas with lower food accessibility by walking and higher food accessibility by cycling, as well as in areas with higher population density, lower point of interest (POI) density, lower intersection density, higher street density, higher land use mix, higher percentage of land used for urban residences and commerce, and lower percentage of land used for rural residences, industries, and green space. These findings provide evidence-based implications for ODFD regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction waste recycling is to turn construction waste materials into new resources for use. It is often considered in waste management plans, in which a central dilemma is to ponder the on-site and off-site options. Both recycling options have their respective strengths and weaknesses in dealing with internal and external factors related to site, time, cost, market, and government. However, no previous study has consciously considered the two options by putting them together with the factors in a structured model to support managers in devising their waste management plans. This study aims to develop a decision-support framework to help plan on-site and off-site construction waste recycling. It does so by adopting the qualitative research methods of case study, site visits and semi-structured interviews in Shenzhen, China. Two generic factors, namely (a) project characteristics (e.g., site constraints, time allowed, and project scale), and (b) industrial and governmental supports (e.g., transportation, recycling technology, the material market, regulations, and government subsidies), are found to determine the technical and economic viability of a particular recycling option. The two factors interact with each other and evolve over time and context to effect. This paper further articulated and organized their dynamics in a construction waste recycling decision-support framework. The research can help maximize the practicality of waste management plans. It is also of value to enhance construction waste management in the long run. • To be on-site or off-site is a classic dilemma of construction waste recycling. • Project characteristics and industrial and government supports are the key. • A decision-support framework to structure the factors is developed. • The framework is useful to maximize the practicality of waste management plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the low-carbon city pilot policy has been important work in China. It aims to control the city's greenhouse gas emissions, find a "win-win" path of low-carbon and economy and drive the innovation and development of cities through low-carbon goals. In this context, we consider the low-carbon city pilot policy as the starting point. Based on the data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2005 to 2015 in 285 prefecture-level cities, the OP and LP methods are used to calculate total factor productivity (TFP). In this paper, using PSM-DID and other methods, we empirically test whether and how the low-carbon city pilot policy affects enterprise TFP. The results indicate that the construction of low-carbon cities significantly promotes an increase in the TFP of local enterprises. In addition, improving technological innovation and optimizing the efficiency of resource allocation are two important transmission mechanisms. The above conclusions are robust to a series of tests. Therefore, the implementation of a low-carbon city pilot policy can help achieve the "win-win" goal of emission reduction and high-quality enterprise development. This study provides strong support for further expanding the scope of low-carbon city pilot policy projects and the scientific implementation of climate change policies, and it provides beneficial policy enlightenment for the scientific implementation of urban emission reduction control to win the battle against climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, corporate green innovation has become a hot topic in society and academia, but the relationship between green innovation and financing conditions is less frequently discussed. Based on stakeholder theory, this paper explores whether green innovation can alleviate corporate financing constraints. An empirical test using a sample of Chinese non-financial private enterprises listed in the Shanghai and Shenzhen exchange from 2012 to 2017 is established. The results of regression analyses show that green innovation, including green technology innovation and green management innovation, can significantly reduce the financing constraints of enterprises. Moreover, the interaction between corporate environmental disclosure and green innovation can have a positive effect, further improving the financing conditions of firms. These findings remain valid after endogenous and robustness testing including instrumental variables (IV), propensity score matching (PSM) and updated models. Additional research illustrates that green innovation plays a stronger role in alleviating financing constraints among heavily polluting enterprises. The above findings contribute to the literature concerning green innovation and corporate financing and provide a valuable reference for implementing green innovation, improving the financing environment and policy making. Image 1 • Green innovation, including green management innovation and green production innovation, can significantly reduce corporate financing constraints. • Environmental disclosure can alleviate the financing constraints of enterprises. • The interaction of corporate environmental disclosure and green innovation can have a positive effect, further improving the financing conditions of firms. • The green innovation of heavy polluters can better reduce financing constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural to urban migrants are the dominant component of population growth in China's coastal cities. China's unique household registration system has excluded migrants from most public housing, resulting in pronounced housing segregation --a social phenomenon that has come to be China's greatest urban social planning challenge. In this paper, we analyze the determinants of migrant housing choices and migrant housing needs following the conventional utility-based approach, but we also emphasize the important role of social capital in migrant decision-making. A case study of Shenzhen shows that quantifiable measures of physical, locational, land use and economic attributes cannot fully explain the congregation of migrants in informal communities and that social capital plays an important role in their housing choices. Social networks, social norms, and trust among neighbors are key factors in the establishment of migrant communities. This study reveals a new aspect of migrant housing needs that will be useful to planners, by paying greater heed to social capital in urban regeneration and migrant housing provision. A more inclusive and humanistic approach to the housing of migrants is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]