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CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere has crossed an unprecedented level of 420 ppm, causing catastrophic events like climate change. Climate change mitigation via carbon capture is crucial for reducing CO 2 emissions. Among various CO 2 capture technologies, adsorption is considered one of the most efficient and promising techniques. In recent times, substantial research has been conducted on producing cost-effective and efficient adsorbents for CO 2 capture via the thermal and chemical treatments of biomass. In this review, we discuss key scientific results to give broad insight into the recent progress in biomass conversion to activated porous carbon (APC). The effects of various chemical and thermal treatments on the textural properties and CO 2 adsorption capacity of APC are comprehensively discussed. CO 2 adsorption mechanism based on interaction with the surface functionality is thoroughly explained. The economic aspects of APC synthesis and post-combustion CO 2 capture using APC are systematically reviewed. [Display omitted] • Use of biomass based activate porous carbon (APC) for CO 2 capture is reviewed. • CO 2 adsorption mechanism on APC surface is thoroughly explained. • APC surface functionalization via metal doping and heteroatom doping is discussed. • Economics of APC synthesis & large-scale CO 2 capture on APC is critically reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioeconomic potential of monopodial and sympodial bamboos is not well understood. Therefore, Net primary productivity (NPP), total biomass, carbon (C) stock, soil organic carbon (SOC), CO 2 sequestration, and bioenergy potential were studied in a sympodial Chimonocalamus griffithianus and a monopodial Phyllostachys mannii bamboo in Meghalaya, north-eastern India. P. mannii stand with mean culm density 16,877 ha−1, height 14.8 m and diameter 4.4 cm, accumulated 107.56 Mg ha−1 biomass with a total NPP of 18.83 t ha−1yr−1. It stored 50.67 Mg C ha−1 in biomass, 77.28 Mg C ha−1 in soil, and had sequestration potential of 469.58 t CO 2 ha−1. C. griffithianus stand with mean clump density 1065 ha−1, mean culm density 52,185 ha−1, height 7.19 m and diameter 3.04 cm, accumulated 67.08 Mg ha−1 biomass with a total NPP of 15.30 t ha−1 yr−1. It stored 31.30 Mg C ha−1 in biomass, 83.25 Mg C ha−1 in soil, and had sequestration potential of 420.40 t CO 2 ha−1. Matured culms (>2–3 years old) of P. manni and C. griffithianus produced 143.08–166.65 MW h and 87.13–101.48 MW h of energy per ha, respectively. Although landuse history and site characteristics of the two stands were not 100 % identical, significantly greater (p < 0.05) standing biomass, NPP, growth rate, carbon sequestration potential, and energy values of P. mannii than C. griffithianus makes the monopodial bamboo a better choice for energy plantation and climate change mitigation tool than the sympodial. • Monopodial bamboo, Phyllostachys mannii , surpasses sympodial Chimonocalamus griffithianus in bioeconomic potential. • P. mannii exhibits higher biomass, NPP, carbon sequestration, and energy values. • Comparative analysis reveals the superior suitability of monopodial bamboo for energy plantations. • Results provide valuable insights for sustainable development in India's biobased economy. • Study contributes to understanding the role of bamboos in mitigating climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioeconomy addresses the triple balancing challenge posed by the Paris Agreement: inducing additional GHG mitigation alongside biophysical carbon dioxide removals, while keeping fossil carbon in the ground. The use of woody plants as construction materials could simultaneously address this challenge: CO 2 is absorbed through photosynthesis, while wood-based products provide mitigation by replacing either petrochemical materials such as plastic boards or energy-intensive materials like bricks. This study combines, at the scale of France, static and dynamic life cycle assessment with soil carbon simulations to investigate the long-term environmental performance of using, as input for the building sector, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) planted on "carbon vulnerable lands". These are areas specifically selected for their low soil organic carbon (SOC) levels and low potential to interfere with food security. After the consecutive cultivation of three rotations, black locust was shown to stock an additional 92000 kg ha−1 of carbon in soils as SOC. The mitigation effect from the plastic board replacement is the major contributor to the assessed environmental impacts, including climate change, leading the black locust system to generally perform better than the reference system where the carbon vulnerable areas are left as they are with their initial vegetation. Considering that cultivation starts in 2022, the dynamic evaluation of the global mean temperature change (GMTC) shows that the black locust system results in net negative emissions in the near- and mid-term, but with a GMTC overshot in the second half of the century. Even if a considerable carbon stock is created through time (e.g., 81% and 39% of the carbon captured by photosynthesis, in 2050 and 2100 respectively), the GHG emissions stemming from manufacturing and end-of-life processes were shown to offset the benefit of carbon capture. [Display omitted] • Black locust plantation and utilization in buildings induce negative emissions. • Black locust system yields greater climate benefits than the initial vegetation. • Plastic board replacement explains the superior performance for 13/16 impacts. • By 2136, the largest temperature reduction of 3.9E-09 K per ha is simulated. • 15% of the carbon captured by 3 rotations is still stocked after 260 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This sugarcane agro-system was a carbon sink. • The NEE of CO 2 fluxes (assimilation versus respiration) dominated the balances. • The N 2 O and CH 4 emitted totals were offset by the C gain. The sustainability of sugarcane farming for biofuel has recently become a subject of debate, because its expansion may contribute significantly to global climate change mitigation. Here we report greenhouse gases (GHG) fluxes, measured by the eddy covariance method, from a commercial scale rain-fed sugarcane plantation representative of the leading bioethanol production area in southeast Brazil. The measurements covered two harvests, during which the field received nitrogen fertilization and trash was not removed. The cumulative fluxes for nitrous oxide (N 2 O) (62.4 ± 1.3 and 52.3 ± 1.8 g N 2 O CO 2 eq. m−2 for the first and second years, respectively) and methane (CH 4) (12.1 ± 1.7 and 10.4 ± 2.3 g CH 4 CO 2 eq. m−2 for the first and second years, respectively) were minor sources to the atmosphere in comparison with the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO 2), whose sink dominated the balances (−7643. ± 129. and -4615. ± 124. g CO 2 m−2 for the first and second years, respectively). Compared to the first year, the observed NEE in the second year decreased by 40%, as it covered the first re-growth from the stubble (ratoon) and exhibited a shorter growth cycle than the first year (304 versus 390 days). The second year also included the partial decomposition of the trash remaining on the soil after the first harvest (1581 ± 301 g CO 2 m−2). The net ecosystem carbon balances (NECB), obtained as the cumulative fluxes of GHGs and the stalk dry biomass removed in the harvests (4923 ± 459 and 3929 ± 352 g CO 2 m−2 for the first and second years, respectively) were -2646 ± 459 and -623 ± 352 g CO 2 m−2 for the first and second years, respectively. Although the yields in stalk fresh weight (SFW) were representative of the region (9.9 and 8.2 kg SFW m−2, in the first and second year respectively) other factors caused a decrease of 76% in NECB, stressing the importance of the CO 2 balance (assimilation versus respiration). Nevertheless, this sugarcane agro-system was an overall carbon sink with the N 2 O and CH 4 emitted totals being offset by the net carbon gain. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]