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The book "Deutschstunde(n)" by Heiko Hausendorf examines the readability of literature using examples, including a detailed description of a desk from Georges Perec's work "Still life/style leaf". Hausendorf shows how one can work with a seemingly cumbersome and reader-unfriendly text from a linguistic perspective. He emphasizes the importance of perception and criticizes the preference for narratives over descriptions in literature. The book also includes author names and work titles listed in chapters 3-6, including Georges Perec, Henrik Ibsen, Peter Handke, Thomas Bernhard, and Goethe. The book "Deutschstunde(n). Linguistic analyses of literary texts" by Hausendorf deals with the connection between German lessons, literature, and linguistics. It consists of a preface, a transitional chapter, and a main part. The author describes his experiences in German lessons and emphasizes the importance of a careful linguistic approach to texts. The book aims to encourage students to read more literature and conduct analyses. It includes examples and instructions for analyzing linguistic phenomena in literary texts. [Extracted from the article]

The readability of online health information involves several factors in communication, including textual factors in verbal messaging and demographics relating to the readership, both of which impact on access to health information for first language (L1) and second language (L2) individuals in the Australian community. This research aims to identify the issues inherent in health texts as well as different readers' comprehension of the information in them. The paper focuses first on the readability of sample health texts, and the extent to which difficult elements can be identified by the standard readability measures (Flesch-Kincaid, SMOG), as well as psycholinguistically informed measures of reading ease developed by Co-Matrix for general (L1) and L2 readers: TERA and Coh-Metrix L2. Coh-Metrix L2 points to linguistic factors that particularly challenge L2 readers of health information. A complementary study using eye-tracking was carried out to investigate the reading behaviours of 30 L1 and L2 participants seeking information from a health website. Statistically significant differences were found between L1 and L2 participants in their reading patterns, with L2 readers working more slowly and less reliably through online information. The findings highlight the need for health communicators to embrace the greater reading challenges for L2 users of the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article-based theses and dissertations are increasingly being used in nursing and the health sciences as an alternate format to the traditional five-chapter monograph. A unique chapter in the article-based thesis is the integrated discussion, which differs in breadth and depth as compared to the discussion for a traditional thesis monograph or journal article. For many students and faculty, the integrated discussion is a challenging chapter to write, with minimal or no published guidance available. In this article, we offer a four-step approach with templates for planning and writing an integrated discussion. We also share several lessons learned with examples from published theses and dissertations. Writing an integrated discussion can be facilitated and written more efficiently by developing a clear and detailed outline of the chapter and broad discussion points prior to drafting the text, to achieve a higher-level synthesis, analysis, and interpretation of the overall significance of the thesis findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research opens up the theoretical light on measuring translation difficulty through various perspectives. However, accurate evaluation of translation difficulty by means of the level of the text, translator's characteristics, and the quality of translation are significant for translation pedagogy and accreditation. To measure translation difficulty, one has to scrutinize it into four ways as (1) the identification of resources of translation difficulty, (2) the measurement of text readability, (3) the measurement of translation difficulty by means of translation evaluation products such as holistic, analytic, calibrated dichotomous items (CDI), and the preselected items evaluation (PIE) methods, and (4) the measurement of mental workload. This article will expand on the mentioned factors in detail in order to shed light upon translation difficulty on how and what to measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is generally held that the sentence length (hereafter S-Length) provides useful information about the reading level of a text. However, it does not work very well as an indicator in studying translational Mandarin Chinese. To improve reliability of the length measurement, this article seeks to give an alternative account from the perspective of the sentence segment length (henceforth SS-Length), which is closely correlated with the construction load capacity (CLC) to which Mandarin Chinese is sensitive. The study demonstrates that, as far as Mandarin Chinese is concerned, the SS-Length account is more revealing than the S-Length counterpart, because the former is more relevant to language use in Chinese. It is also found that CLC, which is related to the SS-Length, is one of the determinants that contribute to the readability of a Chinese text. Hence it should be a staple part in translation assessment and translator training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the editors of Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, we aim at assuring the international recognition of "readability" of a paper published in our journal and also supporting the research and publication culture. We try to publish the studies on biochemistry, which are original or supportive and which can add value as well as being reproducible, completed with strict adherence to ethical rules, comprehensible and efficiently written and having no commercial bias, as rapid as possible. Number of international databases indexing our journal is increasing more and more since it became an e-journal. Our goal is to become a valuable scientific publication source of our country and other countries by printing valuable articles. Based on our experience, we have presented the common mistakes, the requisites for reaching the target in a fast and efficient way, our expectations from the authors, referees and readers in a panel discussion titled "Scientific Publication Quality: Article writing, statistical analysis, evaluation process and ethical perspectives" in 23rd National Biochemistry Congress. This article is composed to share this information with all our readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs about update for the periodical app which will help readers to read the articles more conveniently on a smartphone or tablet, which include change the font size and improve readability by double-tapping on the text or zoom in by "opening" the text with two fingers.

This article brings together researchers from Stylistics and Psychology to study whether text fragmentation, which appears often to be used by writers as a foregrounding device (Mukařovský 1964), is able to capture the attention of readers of narratives. We examine two types of text fragmentation: sentence fragments and mini-paragraphs. Firstly, we study the stylistic functions of fragmentation, including its cumulative use at plot crucial moments and its use for local rhetorical purposes. We then turn to psychological research on depth of processing (e.g. Sanford and Sturt 2002) and introduce a new method of testing, the text change detection method (Sturt at al. 2004). We report an experiment using this method to examine whether text fragments and very short sentences can increase the amount of detail that readers notice in a text, and then discuss the results in relation to potential applications. The work provides both a case study of the empirical analysis of foregrounding devices, and also, more generally, a case study of inter-disciplinary research across the Humanities and Social Sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient drug and treatment information leaflets are an important adjunct to primary health care for medical practitioners to use with patients. To assess comprehensibility of these documents, readability formulas are still used by medical researchers but are arguably of limited value. Checklists to guide the development of printed information, even when based on a systematic review of the literature, have not provided the desired guidance. An approach based on a systemic functional linguistics framework is offered here as one that can provide insight and directions for the improvement of these materials. A set of 18 rheumatology drug leaflets was analyzed at the levels of genre, discourse semantics, and some aspects of the lexicogrammar, so as to identify their characteristics and possible shortcomings as comprehensible documents for patients. While the drug information leaflet was identifiable as a genre with potentially up to nine structural moves, there was a high degree of variability in inclusion of moves, rhetorical functions within moves, and use of headings. The quality of patient information material can be improved by using an analysis that takes account of suitability of generic structure and rhetorical functions, specialization of lexis, status relations, macro-Theme, lexical density, and modalization. A usability strategy should be employed to support the directions provided by the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents commentary on Germany's Allegemeiner Teil des Sozialgesetzbuchs (AT-SGB - General Section of the Social Security Code). The author finds this work of more than five years to be tedious and difficult, but valuable in that it harmonizes, systematizes, and integrates many extant and scattered pieces of social legislation. Several legislative shortcomings are discussed.

The article presents a German employer's response to the Allgemeiner Teil des Sozialgesetzbuchs (AT-GSB - General Section of the Social Security Code). The author sees this initial step as a law that is vague and does not deal in specific rights but comprises a set of policy postulates. Although this law was promised to be written in language accessible to non-experts, the author says that most citizens will find it impenetrable.

The article questions whether the German social civil code (SGB) requires completion and codification, particularly in view of extended delay in legal output from the drafting commission. The author discusses the understandability of the SGB and finds it wanting, but he insists that a unified and systematic set of social statues is needed.

Writing a scientific paper is certainly a difficult task, however it is sometimes more difficult to read it. There are times that we have to force ourselves to follow a manuscript with profound concentration. Sometimes we get this unpleasant feeling as we take a glance at the abstract and sometimes it becomes more evident as we stroll through the later sections. Struggling to get an idea about the content of an article and especially the aim of the work from the abstract is quite a challenge especially when our time is limited. The main reasons for this is attaching the priority to introduction of the presented study without putting the aim forward and then briefly mentioning the materials, methods and result. Actually the reader is more concerned with the results and may be quite aware of the literature on the field. Another repulsive thing in an abstract is the presence of too many abbreviations. As we move to the introduction, it is at first nice to see some background information which prepares the reader for the aim of the present work or if one is familiar with the subject, it helps set our brains for concentration on the upcoming data. However, excessive knowledge gathered from the literature not put together properly may be boring and may make one loose his/her confidence on authors as they may be forcing us to believe that this work was a necessity. Materials and methods should contain sufficient information, despite the fact that methods are usually referred by references. Results presented in tables and figures must be presented in traditional format. Complicated formats may be tiresome and difficult to understand. Captions of these should also be informative and reader should be able to get a view of the work by first glancing at the tables and figures. Discussion must not contain irrelevant knowledge and connection between the results and the previous findings must be done properly by providing suitable references. Logical flow of ideas makes discussion more palatable and fluid. Above all, the article should not contain grammatical errors and should be written in a fluent style. Long and repetitive sentences must be avoided. Using word processor and spelling check is required in order to prevent grammatical and writing errors. If the errors due to specific words which the processor cannot detect are corrected by the author, problems arise as it needs to be declared in erratum within the next issue, and this in turn, effects the reliability of the journal. Authors should ensure that each sentence is a consequence of the proceeding one. Connection between the sentences gives the manuscript a narrative tone. The language used in the paper should neither be colloquial nor too sophisticated. To avoid confusing readers and loosing momentum, sentences must be populated with a single point. This also applies to other units of discourse- clauses, paragraphs and so on. To keep the reader engaged by using proper tense that portrays action. This helps the reader follow the story without getting distracted by superfluous detail. In conclusion, a paper should be target oriented, comprehensible and written in proper academic language. The issues related to the readability of a scientific paper will be discussed, some suggestions for making it more charming will be made by giving examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers thoughts on Georg Auernheimer's contribution in this issue on intercultural education in Germany. The author notes that Auernheimer's work, were it couched in a less academic prose style and terminology, would better benefit the targeted public. The author also faults Auernheimer for not providing a historical context for his discussion of minorities' treatment in Germany and for minimal attention to adult intercultural educational needs.

The article presents a critique of Germany's social security law code (AT-GSB). The author finds the law a "paragraph jungle" which is difficult for the average citizen to navigate and thus fully to understand his or her social rights. The author concedes the dilemma between seeking simplicity in the law and dealing with differentiations and allows that a century of such laws' development has led to non-transparency, requiring eventual rework for understandability.