63 results
Search Results
2. Introduction to the Australian Fire Danger Rating System†.
- Author
-
Hollis, Jennifer J., Matthews, Stuart, Fox-Hughes, Paul, Grootemaat, Saskia, Heemstra, Simon, Kenny, Belinda J., and Sauvage, Sam
- Subjects
FIRE risk assessment ,FIRE management ,COMMUNICATION in management ,WEATHER forecasting ,FIRE weather - Abstract
Background: Fire danger rating systems are used daily across Australia to support fire management operations and communications to the general public regarding potential fire danger. Aims: In this paper, we introduce the Australian Fire Danger Rating System (AFDRS), providing a short historical account of fire danger rating in Australia as well as the requirements for an improved forecast system. Methods: The AFDRS combines nationally consistent, spatially explicit fuel information with forecast weather and advanced fire behaviour models and knowledge to produce locally relevant ratings of fire behaviour potential. Key results: A well-defined framework is essential for categorising and defining fire danger based on operational response, the potential for impact and observable characteristics of fire incidents. The AFDRS is modular, supporting continuous and incremental improvements and allowing upgrades to components in response to new science. Conclusions: The AFDRS provides a new method to estimate fire danger based on the best available fire behaviour models, leading to potentially significant improvements in the way fire danger is calculated, forecast and interpreted. Implications: The Australian Fire Danger Rating System was implemented in 2022, the most significant change to fire danger forecasting in Australia in more than 50 years. We introduce the Australian Fire Danger Rating System (AFDRS), providing a history of fire danger rating in Australia and requirement for advancements. We describe development, design principles and the supporting framework of the AFDRS as an introduction to subsequent papers in this series. This article belongs to the Collection Australian Fire Danger Rating System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Recycled content still low in tissue paper products.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER recycling , *WASTE recycling , *PULP mills , *TISSUE paper manufacturing , *PAPER products , *PAPER industry & the environment , *INDUSTRIAL surveys - Abstract
The article reports on a survey on recycled content of tissue products by the Australian Plantation Products and Paper Industry Council (A3P). Results show that despite more than 195,000 tons of tissue and toilet paper are being produced each year, only 3.1% are found to be recycled. The use of recycled content is said to minimize the demand for virgin pulp by the environmentally aware tissue producers. It is inferred that the declining usage of recycled papers for tissue and toilet paper production is Kimberly-Clark Corp.'s initiative to source pulp from renewable plantation wastes to reduce transport costs of raw materials, since it is considered the largest tissue manufacturer in Australia.
- Published
- 2007
4. Live trial performance of the Australian Fire Danger Rating System – Research Prototype†.
- Author
-
Grootemaat, S., Matthews, S., Kenny, B. J., Runcie, J. W., Hollis, J. J., Sauvage, S., Fox-Hughes, P., and Holmes, A.
- Subjects
FIRE risk assessment ,GRASSLAND fires ,PRESCRIBED burning ,FOREST fires ,WEATHER ,FIREFIGHTING - Abstract
Background: The Australian Fire Danger Rating System program (AFDRS) has built a new fire danger rating system for Australia. A live trial of the system's Research Prototype (AFDRS
RP ), based on fire behaviour thresholds, was run and evaluated between October 2017 and March 2018. Aims: Live trial results are critically analysed, and knowledge gaps and recommendations for future work discussed. Methods: Australian bushfire experts assessed wildfires and prescribed burns across a range of vegetation types and weather conditions. Forecast fire danger ratings calculated using: (1) AFDRSRP ; and (2) Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) and Grassland Fire Danger Index (GFDI) were compared against ratings derived by expert opinion for each evaluation fire (n = 336). Key results: Overall performance of AFDRSRP was superior to the FFDI/GFDI system (56 vs 43% correct), with a tendency to over-predict rather than under-predict fire potential. AFDRSRP also demonstrated its value to assess fire danger in fuel types not conforming to current grassland or forest models; e.g. for fuels that were grouped to use mallee-heath, spinifex and shrubland fire spread models. Conclusions: The AFDRSRP live trial was successful, outperforming the existing operational fire danger system. Implications: Identified improvements would further enhance AFDRSRP performance, ensuring readiness for operational implementation. A Research Prototype of the Australian Fire Danger Rating System (AFDRSRP ) was designed and tested in a live trial. Fire danger ratings derived from the AFDRSRP and FFDI/GFDI systems were compared to expert-derived ratings for 336 fires. In this paper the results of the live trial are presented and discussed. This article belongs to the Collection Australian Fire Danger Rating System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Plantation, paper and milling show how it's done.
- Subjects
- *
SUSTAINABLE development , *PLANTATIONS , *PAPER industry , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *ECONOMIC development & the environment , *CONSERVATION of natural resources , *SOCIAL responsibility of business - Abstract
The article reports on the action plan initiated by the Australian Plantation Products and Paper Industry Council to improve the industry's environmental activities. The council has released the "Performance, People and Prosperity: Sustainability Action Plan to refine water discharge and minimize greenhouse gases, water usage, and energy consumption in plantations and paper industries. It includes specific targets, measures of performance and a commitment to publicly reporting against 21 broad sustainability issues, including voluntary certification for sustainable practices, avoidance of illegally logged forest products and reduction of chemical use. Rob Lord, the council's chair, explains the significance of the plan in improving the industry's sustainability efforts.
- Published
- 2006
6. Associations between Australian climate drivers and extreme weekly fire danger.
- Author
-
Taylor, Rachel, Marshall, Andrew G., Crimp, Steven, Cary, Geoffrey J., Harris, Sarah, and Sauvage, Samuel
- Subjects
FIRE management ,CLIMATE extremes ,WILDFIRES ,ANTARCTIC oscillation ,EL Nino ,SOUTHERN oscillation ,MADDEN-Julian oscillation - Abstract
Aims: We investigate the associations between major Australian climate drivers and extreme weekly fire danger throughout the year. Methods: We use a composite-based approach, relating the probability of top-decile observed potential fire intensity to the positive and negative modes of the El Niño Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, Madden–Julian Oscillation, Southern Annular Mode, split-flow blocking and Subtropical Ridge Tasman Highs, both concurrently and at a variety of lag times. Key results: The chance of extreme fire danger increases over broad regions of the continent in response to El Niño and positive Indian Ocean Dipole events, the negative mode of the Southern Annular Mode, split-flow Blocking Index and Subtropical Ridge Tasman High, and Madden–Julian Oscillation phases 5, 6, 2 and 8 in Austral summer, autumn, winter and spring respectively. These relationships exist not only concurrently, but also when a climate event occurs up to 6 months ahead of the season of interest. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of considering the influence of diverse climate drivers, at a range of temporal lag periods, in understanding and predicting extreme fire danger. Implications: The results of this study may aid in the development of effective fire management strategies and decision-making processes to mitigate the impacts of fire events in Australia. This paper explores the relationships between the major forces influencing Australian weather and climate, and the chance of severe fire seasons. The findings could be valuable in decision making and preparation for upcoming fire seasons to avoid more seasons with devastating outcomes such as the 2019–2020 Black Summer. This article belongs to the Collection Fire and Climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Paper cut option won't hurt offices' bottom line.
- Subjects
- *
CARBON offsetting , *ECOLOGICAL impact , *OFFICES , *CARBON dioxide mitigation - Abstract
The article reports on the use of carbon neutral copy paper to reduce carbon footprint in offices in Australia. It highlights the launch of Staples Carbon Neutral copy paper that has the potential to remove or offset the equivalent of 71,500 tons of carbon dioxide from the environment in 2012. Also noted are the two primary functions of the National Carbon Offset Standard (NCOS).
- Published
- 2011
8. White Paper response:'timely start, but we could do better'.
- Author
-
Considine, Mary-Lou
- Subjects
- *
EMISSION control , *CARBON dioxide & the environment , *ECOLOGICAL impact , *FEDERAL government , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Abstract
The article reports on the White Paper released by Australian federal government which outlines a carbon pollution reduction scheme (CPRS). It states that the government's proposed 5% cut in total emissions was based on a comparison of the country's projected per capita emissions cut, with Europe's target of a 20% cut in emissions by 2020. However, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd announces that the 5% below 2000 levels is minimum and unconditional commitment to reduce emissions by 2020.
- Published
- 2009
9. Observations of wildfire spread dynamics in southern Australian grasslands.
- Author
-
Cruz, Miguel G., Kilinc, Musa, Gould, James S., and Anderson, Wendy R.
- Subjects
WILDFIRES ,GRASSLANDS ,FIRE management ,WILDFIRE prevention - Abstract
Background: Wildfire propagation is inherently non-steady, although forecasts of their spread focus on a pseudo-steady state assumption. Aims: To investigate the variability in rate of fire spread of wildfires in southern Australian grassland landscapes, and the effect of landscape features in inhibiting fire propagation. To evaluate the adequacy of grassfire rate of spread models currently used in Australia. Methods: We reconstructed the propagation of six wildfires in grassland fuels and characterised the unsteady nature of rate of spread. We also analysed the effect of barriers to fire spread in slowing or halting wildfire propagation. Key results: Headfire rate of spread in wildfires was observed to be non-steady, with peaks in forward rate of spread being on average 2.6-times higher than mean values. The rate of spread had an average coefficient of variation of 88%. Areas of fuel discontinuity, such as roads, did not stop fires under moderate burning conditions, but resulted in slowing the average rate of fire spread. Conclusions: Analysis of wildfire observations is key to understand fire behaviour features that are not replicable in experimental or modelling environments. Findings from the analysis can support fire-fighting safety awareness and inform landscape fire propagation modelling. This study uses detailed wildfire observation data to describe non-steady headfire rate of spread and the effect of barriers to fire propagation, such as roads, on halting or inhibiting spread. We discuss the implications for wildfire spread modelling and fireline safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Past fire shaping future fuel: influence of recent fire history on forest foliage chemistry.
- Author
-
Schneider, Margot A., Cary, Geoffrey J., Bowd, Elle J., and Foster, Claire N.
- Subjects
EUCALYPTUS ,FOREST fires ,FUELWOOD ,FOREST canopies ,COASTAL forests ,FOREST litter ,MARINE debris - Abstract
Background: Knowledge of how fire regimes influence flammability, and its role in shaping future fire regimes, exists mostly at species composition and ecosystem levels. The effect of fire regimes on fuel at the chemical level is poorly known. Aim: We aimed to empirically investigate the association between recent fire history and forest foliage chemistry; and to explore potential implications for forest fuel flammability. Methods: Using an orthogonal study design, we investigated the effects of fire frequency and time since fire on the chemical composition of Eucalyptus pilularis leaves from forest canopies and surface litter in south-eastern Australia. Key results: We found high fire frequency (fire-return interval 10–13 years) was associated with higher C:N, C:P, and C:K ratios in E. pilularis surface litter, and higher C:P in canopy leaves. Conclusions: Nutrients including nitrogen and phosphorous reduce flammability of plant tissues, and hence, the observed differences in leaf nutrients between high and low fire frequency sites could have important implications for future flammability of these forests. Implications: Our study has demonstrated a relationship between fire frequency and leaf nutrient stoichiometry, which may act as a mechanism through which repeated fires could increase fuel flammability. This warrants further investigation in other environments. Knowledge of how past fires may influence the future flammability of ecosystems remains poorly resolved. Here, we report significant effects of past fire frequency on the chemical properties of canopy leaves and leaf litter in a coastal Eucalyptus forest, which may have important implications for future forest flammability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Change in the wind.
- Author
-
Paper, Wendy
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE change , *GREENHOUSE gases , *CARBON dioxide & the environment - Abstract
Presents an overview of efforts to curb climate change in Australia. Agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; Withdrawal of the United States from the initiative; Stabilization of carbon dioxide.
- Published
- 2001
12. Future fire events are likely to be worse than climate projections indicate – these are some of the reasons why.
- Author
-
Peace, Mika and McCaw, Lachlan
- Subjects
WILDFIRES ,DROUGHT management ,FIRE management ,FOREST fires ,ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer ,FIRE weather ,HEAT waves (Meteorology) ,ATMOSPHERIC models - Abstract
Background: Climate projections signal longer fire seasons and an increase in the number of dangerous fire weather days for much of the world including Australia. Aims: Here we argue that heatwaves, dynamic fire–atmosphere interactions and increased fuel availability caused by drought will amplify potential fire behaviour well beyond projections based on calculations of afternoon forest fire danger derived from climate models. Methods: We review meteorological dynamics contributing to enhanced fire behaviour during heatwaves, drawing on examples of dynamical processes driving fire behaviour during the Australian Black Summer bushfires of 2019–20. Results: Key dynamical processes identified include: nocturnal low-level jets, deep, unstable planetary boundary layers and fire–atmosphere coupling. Conclusions: The future scenario we contend is long windows of multi-day fire events where overnight suppression is less effective and fire perimeters will expand continuously and aggressively over multiple days and nights. Implications: Greater overnight fire activity and multi-day events present strategic and tactical challenges for fire management agencies including having to expand resourcing for overnight work, manage personnel fatigue and revise training to identify conditions conducive to unusually active fire behaviour overnight. Effective messaging will be critical to minimise accidental fire ignition during heatwaves and to alert the community to the changing fire environment Heatwaves, dynamic fire–atmosphere interactions and increased fuel availability caused by drought are likely to amplify fire behaviour under climate change. We review meteorological dynamics contributing to enhanced fire behaviour during heatwaves using examples from the 2019–20 Australian Black Summer bushfires and examine potential challenges posed for future fire management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Australian Fire Danger Rating System: implementing fire behaviour calculations to forecast fire danger in a research prototype†.
- Author
-
Kenny, B. J., Matthews, S., Sauvage, S., Grootemaat, S., Hollis, J. J., and Fox-Hughes, P.
- Subjects
FIRE risk assessment ,GRASSLAND fires ,FLAME spread ,WEATHER forecasting ,FOREST fires ,FIREFIGHTING ,SYSTEMS design - Abstract
Background: The Australian Fire Danger Rating System (AFDRS) was implemented operationally throughout Australia in September 2022, providing calculation of fire danger forecasts based on peer-reviewed fire behaviour models. The system is modular and allows for ongoing incorporation of new scientific research and improved datasets. Aims: Prior to operational implementation of the AFDRS, a Research Prototype (AFDRS
RP ), described here, was built to test the input data and systems and evaluate the performance and potential outputs. Methods: Fire spread models were selected and aligned with fuel types in a process that captured bioregional variation in fuel characteristics. National spatial datasets were created to identify fuel types and fire history in alignment with existing spatial weather forecast layers. Key results: The AFDRSRP demonstrated improvements over the McArthur Forest and Grass Fire Danger systems due to its use of improved fire behaviour models, as well as more accurately reflecting the variation in fuels. Conclusions: The system design was robust and allowed for the incorporation of updates to the models and datasets prior to implementation of the AFDRS. A spatially explicit forecast calculation system was designed and implemented to assess a new fire danger rating system for Australia based on fire behaviour models, weather inputs and a national fuel spatial data layer. This article is part of a collection about the Australian Fire Danger Rating System. This article belongs to the Collection Australian Fire Danger Rating System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. An evaluation of wildland fire simulators used operationally in Australia.
- Author
-
Fox-Hughes, P., Bridge, C., Faggian, N., Jolly, C., Matthews, S., Ebert, E., Jacobs, H., Brown, B., and Bally, J.
- Subjects
WILDFIRES ,FIRE management ,LAND management ,WEATHER forecasting ,VISUAL aids - Abstract
Background: Fire simulators are increasingly used to predict fire spread. Australian fire agencies have been concerned at not having an objective basis to choose simulators for this purpose. Aims: We evaluated wildland fire simulators currently used in Australia: Australis, Phoenix, Prometheus and Spark. The evaluation results are outlined here, together with the evaluation framework. Methods: Spatial metrics and visual aids were designed in consultation with simulator end-users to assess simulator performance. Simulations were compared against observations of fire progression data from 10 Australian historical fire case studies. For each case, baseline simulations were produced using as inputs fire ignition and fuel data together with gridded weather forecasts available at the time of the fire. Perturbed simulations supplemented baseline simulations to explore simulator sensitivity to input uncertainty. Key results: Each simulator showed strengths and weaknesses. Some simulators displayed greater sensitivity to different parameters under certain conditions. Conclusions: No simulator was clearly superior to others. The evaluation framework developed can facilitate future assessment of Australian fire simulators. Implications: Collection of fire behaviour observations for routine simulator evaluation using this framework would benefit future simulator development. Australian fire and land management agencies use fire simulators to predict characteristics of fires in the landscape, and require evaluation of simulator accuracy. Simulations of fire spread were assessed against observations. Inputs were perturbed to evaluate simulator sensitivity. Against the evaluation measures, no simulators proved universally superior to the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The impact of nurse prescribing on health care delivery for patients with diabetes: a rapid review.
- Author
-
Short, Kylie, Andrew, Cathy, Wenting Yang, and Jamieson, Isabel
- Subjects
NURSING audit ,NURSES ,HEALTH services accessibility ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,HOSPITAL nursing staff ,MEDICAL care ,CINAHL database ,EVALUATION of medical care ,NURSING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,THEMATIC analysis ,MEDLINE ,NURSE prescribing ,ADVANCED practice registered nurses ,MEDICAL databases ,PATIENT satisfaction ,DRUGS ,ONLINE information services ,DIABETES - Abstract
Introduction. The global prevalence of diabetes is a pressing public health concern. Over 400 million individuals live with the effects of the disease, predominantly in low- and middleincome countries. In Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), over 300 000 people have diabetes, resulting in a population rate of 43.1 per 1000. Enabling nurses to prescribe diabetes medications enhances accessibility and improves health outcomes for large sections of the population. Aim. This rapid review was undertaken to investigate the influence of nurse prescribing on health care delivery for individuals with diabetes in NZ, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Canada, countries sharing comparable health care systems and multicultural backgrounds. Methods. The review protocol was published on PROSPERO. In November 2022, a search was conducted across multiple databases to locate relevant literature and resources constrained to the last decade (from January 2012 to November 2022). Utilising the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework, data extraction was systematically structured, while rigorous appraisal processes upheld selection quality. Results. Fifteen publications were identified as meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review of these articles revealed four main themes: the impact of nurse prescribing on clinical outcomes, levels of patient satisfaction, implications for health care service provisions, and identification of barriers and facilitators associated with nurse prescribing. Discussion. This report identifies outcomes of nurse prescribing, concluding it provides a potential avenue for enhancing access to and alleviating the burden on health care systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Exploring how a patient encounter tracking and learning tool is used within general practice training: a qualitative study.
- Author
-
Bentley, Michael, Taylor, Jennifer, Fielding, Alison, Davey, Andrew, Moad, Dominica, van Driel, Mieke, Magin, Parker, and Klein, Linda
- Subjects
AUDITING ,SUPERVISION of employees ,FAMILY medicine ,RESEARCH funding ,FOCUS groups ,QUALITATIVE research ,INTERVIEWING ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) ,LEARNING ,QUANTITATIVE research ,JUDGMENT sampling ,THEMATIC analysis ,INFORMATION needs ,SURVEYS ,EMAIL ,PATIENT-professional relations ,COLLEGE teacher attitudes ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,COMMUNICATION ,LEARNING strategies ,REPORT writing ,QUALITY assurance ,DATA analysis software ,MEDICAL referrals ,MEDICAL practice - Abstract
Introduction. In Australian general practitioner (GP) training, feedback and reflection on inpractice experience is central to developing GP registrars' (trainees') clinical competencies. Patient encounter tracking and learning tools (PETALs) that encompass an audit of consecutive patient consultations, feedback, and reflection are used to determine registrars' in-practice exposure and have been suggested as a tool for learning within a programmatic assessment framework. However, there is limited qualitative literature on the utility of PETALs in GP training. Aim. To provide greater understanding of how PETALs are used in GP training, using Registrars' Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) as a case study. Methods. Medical educators, supervisors, and registrars from two Australian regional GP training organisations participated in focus groups and interviews, designed to explore participants' perceptions of ReCEnT's utility. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results. Eight themes were identified that enhance our understanding of: how ReCEnT reports are used (reassuring registrars, facilitating self-reflection, identifying learning needs), what enables ReCEnT to reach its full potential (a culture of reflection, meaningful discussions with supervisors and medical educators, valuing objective data), and differences in understanding about ReCEnT's role in a programmatic assessment framework (as a tool for learning, as 'one piece of the puzzle'). Discussion. The findings were used to develop a Structure-Process-Outcomes model to demonstrate how ReCEnT is currently used and explores how it can be used for learning, rather than of learning, in a programmatic assessment framework for GP training. ReCEnT's longitudinal format has potential for enhancing learning throughout training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Utilisation of in-consultation supervisor assistance in general practice training and personal cost to trainees: a cross-sectional study.
- Author
-
Sturman, Nancy, Tapley, Amanda, Holliday, Elizabeth, Fielding, Alison, Davey, Andrew, van Driel, Mieke, Ball, Jean, FitzGerald, Kristen, Spike, Neil, and Magin, Parker
- Subjects
SUPERVISION of employees ,CROSS-sectional method ,STATISTICAL models ,FAMILY medicine ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,COST analysis ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,HELP-seeking behavior ,HOSPITAL medical staff ,ODDS ratio ,PHYSICIAN-patient relations ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,PATIENT satisfaction ,MEDICAL preceptorship ,DATA analysis software ,MEDICAL referrals - Abstract
Aim. The aim of the study was to establish whether two previously described barriers to effective in-consultation assistance-seeking by general practice (GP) vocational specialist trainees (ie concern about patient impressions of their competence, and discomfort presenting to supervisors in front of patients) influenced the frequency of trainee in-consultation assistanceseeking from their supervisor. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study nested in the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Clinical Training ongoing cohort study of Australian GP trainees. Trainee participants completed contemporaneous records of 60 consecutive patient consultations, including whether supervisory assistance was sought. Trainees also completed a cross-sectional survey including items eliciting their beliefs about patient impressions and their own discomfort in seeking in-consultation supervisory assistance. These were factors of interest in multivariable logistic regression analyses; the outcome factor in both regression models was the seeking of inconsultation supervisory assistance. Results. In 2018, 778 trainees (778/876, response rate 89%) completed the cross-sectional survey. No association was found between the odds of inconsultation help-seeking and perceived decrease in patient impressions of trainee competence (OR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.31; P = 0.36) or higher comfort presenting outside patients' hearing (OR = 0.9; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.05; P = 0.19). Discussion. Contrary to expected utility models of helpseeking, trainees may not consider personal discomfort or impression management to be important enough, compared to patient safety and other considerations, to influence decisions regarding in-consultation help-seeking. Clinical supervisors should, nevertheless, consider the potential personal costs to trainees and maintain trainee self-esteem and confidence by providing in-consultation assistance in front of patients as comfortably and effectively as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Australian Fire Danger Rating System Research Prototype: a climatology†.
- Author
-
Sauvage, S., Fox-Hughes, P., Matthews, S., Kenny, B. J., Hollis, J. J., Grootemaat, S., Runcie, J. W., Holmes, A., Harris, R. M. B., Love, P. T., and Williamson, G.
- Subjects
FIRE risk assessment ,WILDFIRES ,CLIMATE research ,FIRE weather ,PROTOTYPES - Abstract
Background: Historical records of fire weather phenomena provide valuable insights into spatial and temporal trends which can inform further research and are important tools for planning. Aims: We outline a 19-year climatology of a Research Prototype (AFDRS
RP ), of the new Australian Fire Danger Rating System, documenting its spatial and temporal characteristics. Methods: The analysis utilises the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's high-resolution reanalysis suite (BARRA), together with fuel data provided by Australian fire agencies. We examine the spatial and temporal distribution of the AFDRSRP . Distributions are categorised by fuel type, analysing relative variability across time and space. Key results: The results validate the broad behaviour of the new system and provide insight into the variation of fire danger throughout Australia, adding detail to the understanding of timing of peak fire danger both diurnally and annually. Conclusions: While the AFDRSRP differs from the operational system in its fire danger rating categories and tuning of algorithms, it nonetheless provides useful insights into the operational implementation. Implications: These results will be essential for planning during fire seasons. We present a 19-year climatology of the Australian Fire Danger Rating System: Research Prototype (AFDRSRP ), recently implemented operationally throughout Australia. The climatology describes the typical spatial and temporal behaviour of the AFDRSRP . It is important for users to improve familiarity with the new system, and to ensure it performs as expected. This article belongs to the Collection Australian Fire Danger Rating System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. A framework for defining fire danger to support fire management operations in Australia†.
- Author
-
Hollis, Jennifer J., Matthews, Stuart, Anderson, Wendy R., Cruz, Miguel G., Fox-Hughes, Paul, Grootemaat, Saskia, Kenny, Belinda J., and Sauvage, Sam
- Subjects
FIRE management ,FIRE risk assessment ,OPERATIONS management ,HAZARDS - Abstract
Background: Development of the Australian Fire Danger Rating System began in 2017 with a project aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of a new fire danger rating system through a Research Prototype (AFDRS
RP ) that accounted for variability in Australian vegetation types, was nationally applicable, modular and open to continuous improvement. Aims: In this manuscript, we identify and define transition points and categories for the AFDRSRP . We discuss user responses to the categorisation during a live trial evaluation of the AFDRSRP and reflect on limitations and potential improvements. Methods: A review of available literature, broad consultation with stakeholders and reanalysis of fire impact data were used to determine suitable thresholds for categorising fire danger within the AFDRSRP . Key results: Fire danger categories within the AFDRSRP reflect transitions in fire behaviour that result in application of different fire management strategies or are associated with variation in serious consequences and impacts. Conclusions: The AFDRSRP incorporated the best available science, supported by a well-defined framework for categorising and defining fire danger making it suitable for application across Australian fire jurisdictions and range of fuel types. Implications: The framework allows fire managers to assess the accuracy and appropriateness of forecasted fire danger. We identify and present defined categories and thresholds for the Australian Fire Danger Rating System: Research Prototype based on reflecting transitions in fire behaviour that result in application of different fire management strategies or associated with variation in potential for serious consequences and impacts. This article belongs to the Collection Australian Fire Danger Rating System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Impacts of changing fire regimes on hollow-bearing trees in south-eastern Australia.
- Author
-
Gibbons, Philip, Stojanovic, Dejan, Lindenmayer, David B., and Owens, Giselle
- Subjects
TREES ,TREE cavities ,FIRE management ,SENSITIVITY analysis ,FIREFIGHTING - Abstract
Background. Many species use hollows or cavities that form in trees. The effect of an increasing fire frequency on hollow-bearing trees is unclear. Aims. To predict the effects of increasing fire frequency on the abundance of hollow-bearing trees and identify how to make forests more resilient to these changes. Methods. We simulated how increasing fire frequency will affect the abundance of hollow-bearing trees in forests of south-eastern Australia and conducted a sensitivity analysis to identify which variables affect these predictions. Key results. Other things being equal, we found a negative relationship between the number of hollow-bearing trees and increasing fire frequency. However, we identified scenarios where the number of hollow-bearing trees remained stable, or increased, with frequent fires. Conclusions. Hollow-bearing trees will decline where frequent fires co-occur with high rates at which trees collapse (or are removed) and/or where there are not a sufficient number of suitable mature trees in which new hollows can be excavated by fire. Implications. The impact of increasing fire frequency on hollowdependent fauna is likely to be greatest in forests where regeneration is inhibited, a large number of trees are removed before they form hollows, and/or where rates of collapse among trees is elevated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Factors associated with general practitioner visits for pain in people experiencing chronic pain.
- Author
-
Shebeshi, Dinberu, Allingham, Samuel, White, Janelle, Tardif, Hilarie, and Holloway, David
- Subjects
CHRONIC pain treatment ,CHRONIC pain & psychology ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,PAIN measurement ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,HELP-seeking behavior ,REGRESSION analysis ,MEDICAL care use ,PRIMARY health care ,SELF-efficacy ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,SEX distribution ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DISEASE duration ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,ANXIETY ,PAIN catastrophizing ,OPIOID analgesics ,DRUG utilization ,DATA analysis software ,PAIN management ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
Introduction. Patients with chronic pain (CP) are frequent users of general practitioners (GPs). Aim. This study aimed to assess factors associated with the rate of GP visits related to pain in patients with CP. Methods. This study used data collected by adult specialist pain management services (SPMS) that participated in the electronic Persistent Pain Outcomes Collaboration (ePPOC) in Australia. Adult patients (18 years or older) with CP (duration greater than 3 months) who were referred to SPMS from the calendar year 2015–2021 were included (N = 84 829). Results. Patients who reported severe anxiety, stress, pain, pain interference, pain catastrophising and severely impaired pain self-efficacy were more likely to seek help from a GP. Patients with longer pain duration had a lower rate of GP visits. The rate of GP visits was 1.22 (IRR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.26) times higher in patients with severe pain severity, compared to patients with mild pain severity. Patients who used opioids were more likely to visit a GP (IRR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.34) than those who were not using opioids. Discussions. More than half of the adult CP patients had greater than three GP visits in the 3 months before referral. This study would indicate that some patients may attend their GP to seek an opioid prescription. Given the rising use of opioids nationally, future study is required on opioid users’ GP visitation practices. Additionally, the inverse association between pain duration and the rate of GP visits warrants further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Imaging incidence and type in primary care patients with low back pain: a cross-sectional study on new referrals to an Australian specialist spinal surgical centre.
- Author
-
Tennant, Isaac J., Yun-Hom Yau, Yull, Derek, Murphy, Peter, and Whittle, Ian R.
- Subjects
LUMBAR pain ,PILOT projects ,HEALTH policy ,MUSCULOSKELETAL system diseases ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,SURGICAL clinics ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,MEDICAL care costs ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,PRIMARY health care ,MEDICAL protocols ,NATIONAL health services ,MEDICAL referrals ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,COMPUTED tomography - Abstract
Introduction. Low back pain (LBP) is common and a significant cause of morbidity. Many patients receive inappropriate imaging for LBP in primary care. Aim. To explore the incidence and type of spinal imaging conducted for LBP patients referred from general practice for specialist surgical opinion, and evaluate whether imaging conformed to clinical guidelines. Methods. Audit of a sequential cohort (n = 100) of new LBP patients referred from primary care for specialist opinion at a suburban Australian capital city independent Spinal Centre. Results. In the 6 months before referral, 90% (95% CI 83–95%) of patients underwent spinal imaging. Imaging was performed in 95% of those who did and 79% of those who did not meet guidelines for radiological investigation. 35% of patients were inappropriately imaged and 3% inappropriately not imaged. Spinal computed tomography (CT) imaging was used in 52% of patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 42% and image-guided lumbar spinal interventional procedures in 28%. Discussion. Most patients with LBP referred for surgical opinion have diagnostic radiological investigations whether or not it is indicated by clinical guidelines. The more frequent use of spinal CT compared to MRI may be due to idiosyncrasies of the Australian Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) rebate system. The findings of this pilot study provide support for the changes recommended by the 2016 MBS Review Taskforce on LBP that permit GP access to subsidised lumbar MRI, while constraining access to lumbar CT, and provide novel data about spinal imaging and practice in this cohort of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Australian general practice trainees' exposure to ophthalmic problems and implications for training: a cross-sectional analysis.
- Author
-
Morgan, Simon, Tapley, Amanda, Henderson, Kim M., Spike, Neil A., McArthur, Lawrie A., Stewart, Rebecca, Davey, Andrew R., Dunlop, Anthony, van Driel, Mieke L., and Magin, Parker J.
- Subjects
MEDICAL education standards ,MEDICAL education ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EYE diseases ,FAMILY medicine ,HOSPITAL medical staff ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH funding ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DISEASE prevalence ,CROSS-sectional method ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Eye conditions are common presentations in Australian general practice, with the potential for serious sequelae. Pre-vocational ophthalmology training for General Practitioner (GP) trainees is limited. AIM: To describe the rate, nature and associations of ophthalmic problems managed by Australian GP trainees, and derive implications for education and training. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis from an ongoing cohort study of GP trainees' clinical consultations. Trainees recorded demographic, clinical and educational details of consecutive patient consultations. Descriptive analyses report trainee, patient and practice demographics. Proportions of all problems managed in these consultations that were ophthalmologyrelated were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Associations were tested using simple logistic regression within the generalised estimating equations (GEE) framework. RESULTS: In total, 884 trainees returned data on 184,476 individual problems or diagnoses from 118,541 encounters. There were 2649 ophthalmology-related problems, equating to 1.4% (95% CI: 1.38-1.49) of all problems managed. The most common eye presentations were conjunctivitis (32.5% of total problems), eyelid problems (14.9%), foreign body (5.3%) and dry eye (4.7%). Statistically significant associations were male trainee; male patient and patient aged 14 years or under; the problem being new and the patient being new to both trainee and practice; urban and of higher socioeconomic status practice location; the practice nurse not being involved; planned follow up not arranged; referral made; in-consultation information sought; and learning goals generated. DISCUSSION: Trainees have comparable ophthalmology exposure to established GPs. However, associations with referral and information-seeking suggest GP trainees find ophthalmic problems challenging, reinforcing the critical importance of appropriate training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Text messaging between clinicians and patients - Hve we got thngs unda cntrl?
- Author
-
Muller, Mark D., Moyes, Simon A., and Fulcher, Mark L.
- Subjects
ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,BEHAVIOR ,COMMUNICATION ,MEDICAL ethics ,MEDICAL personnel ,PATIENT-professional relations ,MEDICAL protocols ,PHYSICAL therapists ,GENERAL practitioners ,PRIVACY ,PROBABILITY theory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SPORTS medicine ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,TEXT messages ,ETHICS - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Patients are interested in receiving text messages (texts) related to their health care. However, anecdotes are emerging of associated problems and it is possible that many of the potential pitfalls are not recognised. AIM: To assess clinicians' attitudes and behaviours towards text messaging (texting) with patients. METHODS: A voluntary, anonymous, online survey was created and distributed to general practitioners and physiotherapists in New Zealand and to Sports Medicine Fellows and Sports Medicine Registrars in New Zealand and Australia. RESULTS: In total, 322 clinicians completed the survey. Texting behaviours relating to accuracy, privacy and security were identified. A range of sensitive and important medical information was frequently conveyed and at times forwarded to third parties. The clinicians generally felt uneasy communicating this way and some felt pressured into it. Most thought that guidelines are insufficient and that they had not received sufficient education on the issues. Most were interested in further education. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated frequent texting between clinicians and patients. It has highlighted potential risks to the privacy, accuracy and security of medical information. Current guidelines and education may be insufficient. Clinicians were interested in receiving readily available best practice guidelines and education regarding texting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Provision of other medical work by Australian early-career general practitioners: a cross-sectional study.
- Author
-
Bentley, Michael, FitzGerald, Kristen, Fielding, Alison, Moad, Dominica, Tapley, Amanda, Davey, Andrew, Holliday, Elizabeth, Ball, Jean, Kirby, Catherine, Turnock, Allison, Spike, Neil, Driel, Mieke van, and Magin, Parker
- Subjects
LABOR mobility ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,WORK experience (Employment) ,WORK environment ,STATISTICS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CROSS-sectional method ,ALUMNAE & alumni ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,FISHER exact test ,LABOR supply ,SEX distribution ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,RESEARCH funding ,PHYSICIAN practice patterns ,MARITAL status ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,FAMILY structure - Abstract
The article focuses on trend in general practice towards diversification of the GP's professional role. Topics include examines in addition to clinical practice, many GPs choose to work in other health areas and considered this intention manifests in general practice training, with GP trainees expressing interest in developing portfolio careers.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Hard yakka field work underpins decisions for Northern Australia.
- Subjects
- *
SOIL testing , *GROUNDWATER , *WATERSHEDS ,AUSTRALIAN economy - Abstract
The article discusses the field work assessment done in the Northern Australia after the Federal Government released its White Paper on Developing Northern Australia: Our North, Our Future, in September 2015, outlining plans for economic developments. Topics include views of CSIRO land resources information officer Seonaid Philip about the work done, testing of soil samples such as red basalt and alluvial soils, and groundwater field work conducted across the catchments.
- Published
- 2016
27. Out of the blue - the marine economy.
- Author
-
Steven, Andy
- Subjects
- *
MARINE ecology , *CLIMATE change , *BUSINESS turnover , *FOOD security - Abstract
The article focuses on blue marine economy of Australia. Topics discussed include the book "Rethinking the Oceans: Towards the Blue Economy" of James Alix Michel on climate change, contribution of business turnover of marine industries in the Australian economy and the paper "Marine Nation 2025: Marine Science to Support Australia' s Blue Economy" on development and sustainability related challenges in marine estate such as food security and sovereignty.
- Published
- 2016
28. The proof is in the PRINTING.
- Author
-
Millen, Tracey
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL responsibility of business , *BUSINESS communication , *WASTE recycling , *ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *NONPROFIT organizations , *DIGITAL printing , *COMPUTER printers , *STATIONERY - Abstract
The article focuses on the initiatives employed by various organizations to reduce the environmental impact of corporate stationery and marketing kits which are necessary for business communication in Australia. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), a nonprofit organization that establishes international benchmarks for the responsible management of forests, certified the Monza Recycled mixed-source paper made from recycled materials for use by companies. Companies use digital printing to reduce waste and computer-to-plate (CTP) technology to eliminate the need to generate photographic film for making plates.
- Published
- 2007
29. Australian general practitioners' perceptions of the barriers and opportunities for community-based care of patients with viral hepatitis: a mixed methods study.
- Author
-
Taye, Belaynew, Valery, Patricia, Liddle, Burglind, Woodward, Aidan, Shahid, Shaouli, Farley, Rebecca, Sackey, Donata, and Clark, Paul
- Subjects
HEALTH services accessibility ,VIRAL hepatitis ,RESEARCH methodology ,PHYSICIANS' attitudes ,COMMUNITY health services ,INTERVIEWING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Introduction. Engagement of general practitioners (GPs) is essential to improving rates of diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis, as traditional tertiary hospital-based models of care often face challenges. Aim. We investigated Australian general practitioners' perceptions of a community-based model of care for patients with viral hepatitis. Methods. We conducted a mixed methods study using survey questionnaires (23 GPs) and an open-ended interview guide (10 GPs) at primary care clinics in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics in Stata 15.1 and qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis following an inductive approach. Results. Patient loss to follow up and high cost of diagnostic tests were identified as the biggest challenges to providing care for patients with viral hepatitis. Most GPs interviewed believe a more community-based model of care with support to GPs may improve uptake of care and increase both GP and patient engagement. General practitioners felt a community-based model of care could also improve viral hepatitis testing and follow-up rates. Discussion. For Australian GPs, improving patient retention and diagnostics access were key pressure points in the viral hepatitis care pathway. A broader and more profound capacity-building allows community-based viral hepatitis care to be sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Study: Australians can be sustainable without sacrificing lifestyle or economy.
- Subjects
- *
LIFESTYLES , *AUSTRALIANS , *ECONOMIC development , *HABITATS , *BIODIVERSITY - Abstract
The article focuses on a paper published today in the periodical "Nature" in 2015 which shows that Australians can be sustainable without sacrificing lifestyle or economy. Topics include economic growth and environmental impacts can be decoupled in the right circumstances, and key environmental indicators such as greenhouse gas emissions, water stress, and native habitat and biodiversity are projected to more than double, stabilise, or fall across different scenarios to 2050.
- Published
- 2015
31. Direct observation of the nutrition care practices of Australian general practitioners.
- Author
-
Ball, Lauren E., Desbrow, Ben, Yelland, Michael, and Leveritt, Michael D.
- Subjects
MEDICAL care ,CHRONIC diseases ,MEDICAL practice ,NUTRITION ,PATIENTS ,GENERAL practitioners ,PRIMARY health care - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Nutrition care refers to nutrition-related advice or counselling provided by health professionals in an attempt to improve the nutrition behaviour of patients. AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the practices of a sample of Australian general practitioners (GPs) when providing nutrition care to adult patients. METHODS: Eighteen GPs (13 male, 5 female) were observed by fourth-year medical students during their general practice rotation. Each GP was observed for five consultations that included nutrition care, totalling 90 observed consultations. In each consultation, students completed a 31-item nutrition care checklist of nutrition care practices that could feasibly occur in a standard consultation. Each practice was marked with either a 'yes' (completed), 'no' (did not complete) or 'completed by practice nurse prior to or after the consultation'. RESULTS: Twenty-eight nutrition care practices were observed at least once. The most frequently observed practices were measuring and discussing blood pressure (76.7%; n=69), followed by general questions about current diet (74.4%; n=67). Approximately half of the consultations included a statement of a nutrition-related problem (52.2%; n=47), and the provision of nutrition advice that focused on a nutrient (45.6%; n=41) or food group (52.2%; n=47). Consultations with male GPs, as well as GPs with more than 25 years of experience, were associated with an increased number of nutrition care practices per consultation. DISCUSSION: The GPs performed nutrition care practices in varying frequencies. Further research is required to identify the most effective GP nutrition care practices to improve the nutrition behaviour of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Testing the effectiveness of a novel, evidence-based weight management and lifestyle modification programme in primary care: the Healthy Weight Initiative.
- Author
-
Slater, Scott, Lambkin, David, Schumacher, Tracy, Williams, Annabelle, and Baillie, John
- Subjects
PREVENTION of chronic diseases ,REGULATION of body weight ,OBESITY ,NUTRITION ,FAMILY medicine ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,PHYSICAL activity ,PRIMARY health care ,HUMAN services programs ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,HEALTH behavior ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ANALYSIS of covariance ,STATISTICAL sampling ,BODY mass index ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,BEHAVIOR modification - Abstract
Introduction. Primary care prevention strategies that support and provide tools for general practice have the potential to slow and reverse rates of overweight and obesity. Aim. To test the effectiveness of a novel 12-week, online, structured, evidence-based weight management and lifestyle modification programme in general practices. Methods. Between August 2018 and March 2020, participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 were recruited from general practices in the Hunter New England and Central Coast Primary Health Network region of Australia. Practices were randomly assigned to deliver a ‘low-intensity’ (LI) or ‘high-intensity’ (HI) variant of the programme. Practitioners were trained in programme delivery. The intervention involved weekly progress and accountability checks and scripted education sessions on evidenced-based nutrition, physical activity and lifestyle modification. The trial included follow-up evaluations at 6 and 12 months. Results. In total, 695 participants were recruited from 26 practices. At the end of the 12-week programme, participants in the HI treatment arm lost an average of 3.2 kg (s.d. 3.8) and 29% (50/172) achieved clinically significant weight loss (>5% of initial body weight). Positive results were maintained at evaluations by participants in the HI treatment arm who attended, but only 31% of participants at 6 months and 21% at 12 months were followed up. Discussion. Participant engagement and retention and practitioner workload burden are key factors in the design of weight management programmes in primary care. Many lessons can be obtained as a result of this trial, and programme adjustments have been identified to improve its delivery model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Farming carbon can be a win for wildlife, if the price is right.
- Subjects
- *
REGENERATION (Botany) , *AGRICULTURAL landscape management , *BIODIVERSITY , *CARBON & the environment , *CARBON pricing - Abstract
The article presents a reprint of the article "Farming carbon can be a win for wildlife, if the price is right" which appeared in the April 2016 issue of "The Conversation." Topics discussed include according to a paper of the periodical, suitability of natural regeneration for restoring agricultural landscapes forest in Australia, need of identification of growing forests for carbon and biodiversity; and need of less price of carbon for ecosystem.
- Published
- 2015
34. Managing top predators: culling brings its own set of problems.
- Author
-
Sabto, Michele
- Subjects
- *
PREDATOR management , *PREDATORY animals - Abstract
An excerpt from the article "Managing top predators: culling brings its own set of problems," by Michele Sabto on the website http://www.ecosmagazine.com/?paper=EC14260 in the November 5, 2015 is presented which discusses the management of top predators in Australia such as dingoes, great white sharks, and saltwater crocodiles.
- Published
- 2014
35. Much loss and an uncertain future for Australia's unique mammals.
- Author
-
Woinarski, John, Burbidge, Andrew, and Harrison, Peter
- Subjects
- *
MAMMALS , *MAMMAL conservation , *POPULATION bottleneck - Abstract
An excerpt from the article "Much loss and an uncertain future for Australia's unique mammals," by John Woinarski, Andrew Burbidge and Peter Harrison in the website located at http://www.ecosmagazine.com/?paper=EC14122 on June 10, 2014 is presented which focuses on the loss and conservation of Australia's mammal fauna.
- Published
- 2014
36. Vulnerability and ethical issues faced by general practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: some reflections and lessons learned.
- Author
-
Nicoli, Federico, Floridia, Giovanna, Grattagliano, Ignazio, Greco, Donato, Muzzetto, Pierantonio, and Petrini, Carlo
- Subjects
GENERAL practitioners ,PUBLIC relations ,HEALTH services accessibility ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability ,PHYSICIAN-patient relations ,FAMILY medicine ,COMMUNITIES ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,MEDICAL ethics ,PERSONAL protective equipment ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,COVID-19 pandemic ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) ,TELEMEDICINE ,THERAPEUTIC alliance - Abstract
Vulnerability during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an emotional state that affects all of us globally. The Italian experience shows that our general practitioners (GPs) seem to have a higher rate of death due to COVID-19 infection than other physicians. This article discusses clinical ethics questions related to the vulnerability of GPs and the communityduringthepandemic inItaly: the total lackof, or the inadequateprotectionofpersonal protective equipment, the increased use of virtual medicine, and the value of a solid synergy between hospitals and territorial systems. We provide a few examples of experiences in other affected countries and populations (Indigenous communities in Brazil, Australia and Germany). In conclusion, we offer some reflections on the crucial role of communication in dealing with vulnerability issues during this COVID-19 pandemic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Climate change and extreme weather: understanding the link.
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATOLOGY , *FROST , *VEGETATION & climate , *FOOD crops - Abstract
The article focuses on the Explaining Extreme Events of 2014 from a Climate Perspective report of the periodical "Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS)" which includes five Australian papers focusing on the events that took place in Australia's climate in 2014. Topics include severe frosts found to have harmful effects for native vegetation and food crops, and global average surface temperatures in the last five years found to have been the warmest on record.
- Published
- 2015
38. Dreamtime science.
- Author
-
Collis, Brad
- Subjects
- *
ECOLOGISTS , *BIOLOGY , *DESERT ecology - Abstract
Features ecologist Alan Newsome whose revelations about Australian biological systems attracted worldwide acclaim. Bond with indigenous communities; Controversial paper 'The Eco-Mythology of the Red Kangaroo in Central Australia'; Passion for the desert, its people and its creatures.
- Published
- 2001
39. Paul Fraser: the Air Man of Cape Grim.
- Subjects
- *
SCIENTISTS , *OZONE layer depletion , *CLIMATE change , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation - Abstract
The article offers information on Paul Fraser, research scientist at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia. Topics include role of tracking the ozone layer depletion and greenhouse gases driving climatic changes, advent of chief research tool Cape Grim Air Archive, ongoing collection of pristine air samples in the world; and publishing of research papers and reviews providing basis to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in prestigious of journals.
- Published
- 2015
40. "She'll be right, mate!": do Australians take their health for granted?
- Author
-
Harris, Paul, Salehi, Asiyeh, Kendall, Elizabeth, Whitty, Jennifer, Wilson, Andrew, and Scuffham, Paul
- Subjects
HEALTH behavior ,HEALTH status indicators ,MARITAL status ,MEDICAL care use ,QUALITY of life ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SEX distribution ,PILOT projects ,QUANTITATIVE research ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,CROSS-sectional method ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Health consciousness highlights the readiness of individuals to undertake health actions and take responsibility for their health and the health of others. AIM: To examine the health consciousness of Australians and its association with health status, health-care utilisation and sociodemographic factors. METHODS: This quantitative cross-sectional study was a part of a larger project aiming to engage the general public in health-care decision-making. Adults from Queensland and South Australia (n = 1529) were recruited to participate by a panel company. The questionnaire included the Health Consciousness Scale (HCS), health status, health-care utilisation, sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables. RESULTS: The health consciousness of Australians was relatively low (mean score = 21), compared to other international administrations of the HCS, and further investigations revealed that more health-conscious people tended to live in South Australia, be female and single, experience poorer physical and mental health and were more frequent users of health-care services. DISCUSSION: The general approach to health in this sample of the Australian public may reflect 'here and now' concerns. It appears that an attitude of 'she'll be right, mate' prevails until a change in an individual's health status or their exposure to the health system demands otherwise. These findings need to be investigated further to see if they are confirmed by others and to clarify the implications for primary health programmes in Australia in redressing the public's apparent apathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Flexible electronics to boot up new solar manufacturing industry?
- Author
-
Watkins, Scott
- Subjects
- *
FLEXIBLE printed circuits , *MANUFACTURING processes , *FLEXIBLE printed circuit manufacturing , *MANUFACTURED products - Abstract
The article discusses the study conducted by researchers in the University of Washington regarding the production of ultra thin and flexible electronic devices. It mentions the possibility that Australian manufacturing companies will embark on the production of flexible electronics. It notes that flexible electronics such as wearable devices and paper-thin solar cells is a technology for assembling electronic circuits by mounting electronic devices on flexible plastic substrates.
- Published
- 2014
42. Smarter ways to spend our water.
- Subjects
- *
WATER efficiency , *WATER consumption , *CHIEF executive officers , *WATER security - Abstract
The article presents information on the Australian Water Association's (AWA's) new position paper on water efficiency. One of the key points mentioned in the paper is related to enhancement of water security through water efficiency. AWA Chief executive officer (CEO), Tom Mollenkopf, says Australian climate is variable and volatile and the nation requires water efficiency for proper management of its water resources.
- Published
- 2012
43. Preparing to adapt to unavoidable climate change.
- Author
-
Readfearn, Graham
- Subjects
- *
FEDERAL government , *ADAPTABILITY (Personality) , *CLIMATE change mitigation , *CLIMATE change , *ECONOMICS , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation - Abstract
The article discusses the position paper released by the Federal Government outlining the adaptation challenge for Australian farmers in Australia. The paper outlines the impacts of climate change to the country's economy, society and environment. In this regard, the government highlight the needs to adapt regardless of the consequential events to cut emissions of greenhouse gases.
- Published
- 2010
44. A legacy in their hands.
- Subjects
- *
ACACIA , *SEEDS as food , *SEEDS - Abstract
Highlights Jennie Devitt's paper `Australian Dry-zone Acacias for Human Food,' which outline the task of collecting and processing acacia seeds for human consumption. Aboriginal knowledge of the process; Most important plant groups used for their seeds; Complexity and tediousness of acacia-seed preparation; Seed-preparation techniques.
- Published
- 1995
45. Rural generalism: the New Zealand way: Address for the Eric Elder Medal. RNZCGP Conference July 2017.
- Author
-
Nixon, Garry
- Subjects
AWARDS ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,MEDICAL societies ,GENERAL practitioners ,RURAL health - Abstract
The article presents a speech by Dr. Garry Nixon, Director of Division of Health Sciences at Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand, delivered at the RNZCGP Conference July 2017 in New Zealand in which he discussed rural generalism, state of the rural hospital medical workforce and initiatives of the University of Otago.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. An inconvenient tax system.
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *TAXATION , *FISCAL policy , *EMISSION control , *AIR pollution prevention , *GREENHOUSE gases , *GOVERNMENT policy , *CLIMATE change - Abstract
The article focuses on the white paper entitled "Climate Change: Current Accounting and Tax Issues for Australian Business leaders," by KPMG. It suggests that the country must develop a 'climate-change friendly' tax system to start emissions abatement initiatives ahead of the 2010 national Emissions Trading Scheme. The paper recommends a lot of measures to begin development of low-emissions technologies, such as accelerated tax depreciation and an expanded research and development tax concession. It also suggests companies to examine existing accounting tools for managing their greenhouse emissions including the Greenhouse Gas Protocol and the Carbon Disclosure Project.
- Published
- 2008
47. OECD reports set further challenges for Australia.
- Author
-
Considine, Mary-Lou
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *ENVIRONMENTAL law , *GOVERNMENT policy on climate change , *GOVERNMENT policy on energy consumption - Abstract
The article offers information on the paper "Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Environmental Outlook to 2030," which asserts that the world's governments are not managing the environment in a sustainable manner, citing climate change, biodiversity loss, and health impacts of pollution. The paper recommends that Australia should improve its energy efficiency, strengthen its capacity to prosecute environmental law, and further engage with international efforts to deal with climate change. Commenting on the OECD review, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation sustainability expert Steve Hatfield Dodds asserts that the paper allows the country to take pride in its past environmental policy performance without pretending it has been perfect.
- Published
- 2008
48. No easy solutions to Kakadu's feral animal problem.
- Subjects
- *
WILDLIFE research , *FERAL animals , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *ECOSYSTEM management - Abstract
The article focuses on the review paper of Corey Bradshaw, published in "Wildlife Research," that reviews available published research on feral animal introductions and control attempts in Northern Australia from 1950 to 2005. Bradshaw claims that the aim of his report was to highlight the environmental risks posed by feral animals like the situation in the Kakadu National Park, and the success of previous control effort. According to Peter Cochrane, Director of National Parks, the review paper of Bradshaw features the need for more systematic and knowledge-driven management of feral species in the park.
- Published
- 2007
49. Govt tick for Fairtrade label to aid small regional producers.
- Subjects
- *
COCOA products , *FAIR trade goods , *INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
An excerpt from the article "Govt tick for Fairtrade label to aid small regional producers" on the website located at http://www.ecosmagazine.com/?paper=EC14272 in the November 17, 2014 issue is presented which focuses on the fairtrade partnership to create demand for cocoa industry in Australia.
- Published
- 2014
50. Sounds of distant thunder? Following the flight of a desert nomad.
- Subjects
- *
WATER bird behavior , *BIRDS - Abstract
An excerpt from the article "Sounds of distant thunder? Following the flight of a desert nomad" in the website located at http://www.ecosmagazine.com/?paper=EC14249 published in October 20, 2014 is presented which focuses on the nomadic Australian waterbird's ability to sense rainfall of flooding.
- Published
- 2014
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.