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Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

HIGHLIGHTS This systematic review underscores the global contributions to veneer and plywood research, focusing on wood waste utilization, bio-based adhesives, and utilization of younger age plus-size falcata trees or other wood species, particularly in the Philippines' Caraga Region. A Veneer and Plywood Circular Bioeconomy System (VPCBES) diagram was developed for the first time, adopting circular bioeconomy principles to foster sustainable practices, enhance product value, and create eco-friendly products and employment opportunities. The study demonstrates the potential of the veneer and plywood industry to harness the circular bioeconomy through innovative wood waste recycling and sustainable practices. Findings reveal a critical challenge in the Philippine veneer and plywood sector: the inability to meet annual log requirements, posing sustainability risks due to domestic log shortages for domestic production. The study identifies significant barriers, such as limited investment in innovation and regulatory complexities, which hinder the effective integration of the Philippine veneer and plywood sector into the circular bioeconomy. Using harvested wood products (HWPs) in a circular bioeconomy, such as veneer and plywood, is a promising approach to addressing environmental concerns and ensuring sustainable resource management. This paper attempts to conceptualize a veneer and plywood circular bioeconomy system (VPCBES) model and analyse the opportunities and challenges these wood-based industries face in contributing to the circular economy of the Philippines. A systematic literature review and contextualized SWOT analysis were employed to explore potential pathways for sustainable development and circular practices in the country. It adopts the butterfly framework and presents the VPCBES model, exploring the continuous flow of materials, emphasizing waste reduction, products and materials circulation, and nature regeneration. The opportunities for the veneer and plywood industry in the circular bioeconomy include using recycled wood waste, adopting resin as a binding agent, and cascading wood waste in time and value. However, challenges persist, including meeting demands while ensuring regeneration goals, low innovation investments, harvesting practices, waste routes issues, non-compliance to cleaner production and industrial symbiosis, and policy-related barriers. Addressing these challenges and capitalizing on opportunities will enable the veneer and plywood industry to play a vital role in the Philippine circular bioeconomy. L'utilisation des produits du bois récoltés (HWPs) dans une bio économie circulaire, tels que le placage et le contreplaqué, offre une approche prometteuse pour faire face aux soucis environnementaux et assurer une gestion durable des ressources. Ce papier s'efforce de conceptualiser le modèle d'un système de bio économie circulaire de placage et de contreplaqué (VPCBES) et analyse les défis et les opportunités auxquels ces industries basées sur le bois font face dans leur effort pour contribuer à l'économie circulaire des Philippines. Un examen systématique de la littérature et une analyse SWOT contextualisée ont été employés pour explorer les voies potentielles d'un développement durable et de pratiques circulaires dans le pays. Il adopte le cadre papillon et présente le modèle VPCBES, explorant le flot continu des matériaux, renforçant la réduction des pertes, la circulation des produits et matériaux et la régénération naturelle. Les opportunités émergentes pour l'industrie du placage et du contreplaqué dans la bio économie circulaire incluent un recyclage des débris du bois, l'adoption de la sève comme agent adhésif, et la mise en place d'une cascade des débris de bois en termes de temps et de valeur. Les défis persistent toutefois, tels que celui de répondre à la demande tout en respectant les objectifs de régénération, ceux des investissements faibles dans l'innovation, des pratiques de récolte, des problèmes des voies d'échappées des déchets, du non respect de la production plus propre et de la symbiose industrielle, ainsi que celui des barrières liées à la politique. Faire face à ces défis et capitaliser sur les opportunités vont permettre à l'industrie du contreplaqué et du placage de jouer un rôle vital dans la bioéconomie industrielle des Philippines. El uso de productos de madera de aprovechamientos (PMA) en una bioeconomía circular, como la chapa y el contrachapado, es un enfoque prometedor para abordar los problemas medioambientales y garantizar una gestión sostenible de los recursos. Este artículo intenta conceptualizar un modelo de sistema de bioeconomía circular de chapa y contrachapado (SBECCC) y analizar las oportunidades y retos a los que se enfrentan estas industrias de la madera para contribuir a la economía circular de Filipinas. Se hizo una revisión bibliográfica sistemática y un análisis DAFO contextualizado para explorar posibles vías de desarrollo sostenible y prácticas circulares en el país. Se adoptó el marco de la mariposa y se presenta el modelo de SBECCC, con los que se explora el flujo continuo de materiales, haciendo hincapié en la reducción de residuos, la circulación de productos y materiales y la regeneración de la naturaleza. Las oportunidades para la industria de la chapa y el contrachapado en la bioeconomía circular incluyen el uso de residuos de madera reciclada, la adopción de la resina como aglutinante y el aprovechamiento en cascada de los residuos de madera en tiempo y valor. Sin embargo, persisten algunos retos, como la satisfacción de la demanda al tiempo que se garantizan los objetivos de regeneración, la escasa inversión en innovación, las prácticas de aprovechamiento, los problemas con los flujos de residuos, el incumplimiento de una producción más limpia y la simbiosis industrial, y las barreras relacionadas con las políticas. Abordar estos retos y aprovechar las oportunidades permitirá a la industria de la chapa y el contrachapado desempeñar un papel vital en la bioeconomía circular filipina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIGHLIGHTS Collaboration is seen as the most significant challenge in the implementation of Social Forestry in Indonesia. An Integrative framework for collaborative governance (IFCG) has been proposed to address this. Three main challenges have been identified in Social Forestry implementation in Indonesia: limited community capacity, burdensome administrative fulfilment, and lack of attention on collaborative process at community level. The IFCG model does not focus on leader complexity and the economic benefits for sustaining collaboration process. The internal conditions of the community significantly affect collective action. Further research is necessary to examine the impact and process of Social Forestry Policy implementation. Collaboration is a major problem affecting implementation of Social Forestry Policy in Indonesia. This paper aimed at synthesising the results of previous studies to identify challenges and knowledge gaps using an Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance (IFCG) model. A systematic literature review method was used to search the Scopus database, and a total of 47 studies on Social Forestry Policy in Indonesia from 2019–2022 were reviewed. The results suggested three main challenges: 1) limited community capacity, namely in initiating and making forest management effective; 2) burdensome administrative-bureaucratic fulfilment; and 3) lack of attention to multi-level (vertical-horizontal) collaborative processes from policy making to implementation at the member level. The review found that the IFCG model, though important, does not emphasise actor complexity related to leadership, which has different levels and scopes. Additionally, economic benefits are essential to sustain collaboration between parties. Furthermore, the internal conditions of the community contribute to effective collective action, and economic benefits are essential in sustaining the collaborative process. The paper recommends further research into social forestry to examine the impact of Social Forestry Policy, which have been under-examined by previous studies. La collaboration est un problème majeur qui affecte la mise en œuvre de la Politique de foresterie sociale en Indonésie. Ce papier vise à synthétiser les résultats d'études précédentes pour identifier les défis et les carences de connaissances en utilisant un modèle de cadre intégratif de gestion collaborative (IFCG). Une méthode d'étude systématique de la littérature a été utilisée pour faire des recherches dans les données Scopus et un total de 47 études sur la Politique de foresterie sociale en Indonésie de 2019 à 2022 ont été examinées. Les résultats pointaient vers trois défis: 1) une capacité communautaire limitée, particulièrement pour initier et produire une gestion forestière efficace, 2) une finalisation bureaucratique et administrative lourde, et, 3), un manque d'attention porté aux processus collaboratifs à plusieurs niveaux (vertical-horizontal) de la création de politiques et à leur mise en pratique au niveau des membres. L'étude a trouvé que le modèle IFCG, quoique important, ne souligne pas suffisamment le rôle complexe des acteurs au niveau directionnel, qui témoigne de différents niveaux et vues à long terme. De plus, les bénéfices économiques sont essentiels pour pouvoir maintenir la collaboration entre les diverses parties prenantes. Il est également nécessaire d'ajouter que les conditions internes des communautés contribuent à une action collective efficace, et que les bénéfices économiques sont essentiels au maintien du processus de collaboration. Ce papier préconise qu'une recherche plus poussée soit conduite pour examiner l'impact de la Politique de foresterie sociale, laquelle a été sous-examinée dans les études précédentes. La colaboración es uno de los principales problemas que afectan a la aplicación de la Política Social Forestal en Indonesia. El objetivo de este artículo es sintetizar los resultados de estudios anteriores para identificar los retos y las lagunas de conocimiento utilizando un modelo de Marco Integrador para la Gobernanza Colaborativa (MIGC). Se utilizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura con búsqueda en la base de datos Scopus, y se revisaron un total de 47 estudios sobre Política Social Forestal en Indonesia de 2019 a 2022. Los resultados sugieren tres retos principales: 1) capacidad limitada de las comunidades, concretamente para iniciar y hacer efectiva la gestión forestal; 2) oneroso cumplimiento administrativo-burocrático; y 3) falta de atención a los procesos de colaboración multinivel (vertical-horizontal) desde la formulación de políticas hasta su aplicación a nivel de los miembros. La revisión constató que el modelo de MIGC, aunque importante, no hace hincapié en la complejidad de los agentes relacionados con el liderazgo, que tiene diferentes niveles y alcances. Además, los beneficios económicos son esenciales para mantener la colaboración entre las partes. Adicionalmente, las condiciones internas de las comunidades contribuyen a una acción colectiva eficaz, y los beneficios económicos son esenciales para mantener el proceso de colaboración. El artículo recomienda seguir investigando la silvicultura social para explorar las repercusiones de la política forestal social, que han no han sido analizadas suficientemente por estudios anteriores. Kolaborasi menjadi permasalahan utama yang mempengaruhi pengimplementasian Kebijakan Perhutanan Sosial di Indonesia. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mensintesiskan hasil-hasil temuan terdahulu untuk mengidentifikasi tantangan dan celah pengetahuan menggunakan model Kerangka Pemikiran Tata kelola Kolaboratif (IFCG). Metode literature tersistematis digunakan untuk mencari studi terdahulu di database Scopus, dan total 47 studi terkait Kebijakan Perhutanan Sosial di Indonesia sejak 2019–2022 ditinjau. Hasilnya menunjukan terdapat tiga tantangan utama: 1) terbatasnya kemampuan komunitas yaitu dalam memulai dan mengefektifkan pengelolaan hutan; 2) penekanan pemenuhan administrasi-birokratis; 3) kurangnya perhatian pada proses kolaborasi antar tingkat (vertical-horizontal) dari pembuat kebijakn ke implementasi hingga tingkat anggota komunitas. Temuan tinjauan menunjukan bahwa model IFCG meskipun penting, namun kurang memperhatikan kompleksitas aktor terkati kepemimpinan yang memiliki tingkatan dan cakupan berbeda. Sebagai tambahan, manfaat ekonomi sangat penting untuk menopang kolaborasi antar kelompok. Lebih lanjut, kondisi internal dari komunitas berkontribusi pada efektivitas aksi bersama, dan manfaat ekonomi sangat esensial untuk mendukung proses kolaborasi. Tulisan ini merekomendasikan penelitian lebih lanjut terkait perhutanan sosial untuk menelaah dampak dari Kebijakan Perhutanan Sosial yang kurang dilihat dari studi-studi sebelumnya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIGHLIGHTS The paper assesses the impact of China's legal restrictions on the global forest industry. Results demonstrate log and sawn timber output of high-risk countries will decrease. High-risk countries' production and export of processed wood products will increase. China's total timber imports will decline and will be replaced by domestic timber production. Increasing imports of processed Chinese timber products is beneficial for high-risk countries. Utilizing the Global Forest Products Model (GFPM), this paper analyzes the potential impacts of China's timber import legality requirement policies. Two alternative scenarios are compared with the baseline scenario: (1) China requires that imported timber must comply with the requirements of Verified Legal Compliance (VLC), (2) China imposes tighter requirements for imported timber, which must come from sustainably managed forests and meet Forest Certification (FC) requirements. The results show a decline in log production but an increase in processed wood exports to high-risk countries, suggesting a move towards more valuable wood processing. Both high- and low-risk countries are expected to see an increase in forest stocks. Welfare analysis indicates that high-risk countries will benefit from industrial upgrades, while China might face welfare losses. Nevertheless, the enforcement of legal standards for timber imports into China is likely to enhance the perceived legitimacy of the sources of domestic timber materials, thereby facilitating the re-entry of processed timber products into developed markets. This study proposes that China's timber import regulations could offer mutual advantages, aiding in the fight against illegal logging and encouraging the legal timber trade. Utilisant le Modèle global des produits forestiers (GFPM), ce papier analyse les impacts potentiels des politiques d'exigence légale dans les importations de bois en Chine. Deux scénarios alternatifs sont comparés avec ces scénarios de base: 1) la Chine requiert que le bois importé soit en accord avec les exigences légales de la Verified Legal Compliance (VLC), 2) la Chine impose une légalité plus serrée pour le bois importé, qui devrait être issu de forêts à gestion durable et respecter les canons de la Certification forestière (CF). Les résultats indiquent un déclin de la production de bois de coupe mais une croissance de l'exportation de bois transformé vers des pays à haut risque, suggérant un glissement vers une transformation du bois plus exclusive. Il est prévu que les pays à haut risque, tout comme ceux à bas risque, vont être témoins d'une croissance de leur stock forestier. Les analyses de bien-être social indiquent que les pays à haut risque vont bénéficier d'un progrès industriel, alors que la Chine pourrait connaître une diminution de son bien-être social. Toutefois, la mise en force des standards légaux pour les importations de bois en Chine va probablement renforcer la légitimité perçue des sources de matériaux de bois domestique, facilitant ainsi la réinsertion des produits de bois transformés dans les marchés développés. Cette étude avance que les régulations des importations de bois par la Chine pourraient résulter en avantages mutuels, aidant ainsi le combat contre la coupe de bois illégale et encourageant en revanche le commerce légal du bois. Utilizando el Modelo Global de Productos Forestales (MGPF), este artículo analiza las posibles repercusiones de las políticas chinas sobre requisitos de legalidad para la importación de madera. Se comparan dos escenarios alternativos con el escenario de línea de base de referencia: (1) China exige que la madera importada cumpla los requisitos de Conformidad Legal Verificada (CLV) y (2) China impone requisitos más estrictos para la madera importada, que debe proceder de bosques gestionados de forma sostenible y cumplir requisitos de Certificación Forestal (CF). Los resultados muestran un descenso de la producción de troncos rollizos, pero un aumento de las exportaciones de madera transformada a países de alto riesgo, lo que sugiere un cambio hacia una transformación de mayor valor de la madera. Se espera que tanto los países de alto como de bajo riesgo experimenten un aumento de las reservas forestales. El análisis del bienestar indica que los países de alto riesgo se beneficiarán de las mejoras industriales, mientras que China podría sufrir pérdidas de bienestar. No obstante, es probable que la aplicación de normas legales a las importaciones de madera en China aumente la percepción de legitimidad de las fuentes de productos maderables nacionales, lo que facilitaría la reintroducción de productos madereros transformados en los mercados desarrollados. Este estudio propone que la normativa china sobre importación de madera podría ofrecer ventajas mutuas, ayudando en la lucha contra la tala ilegal y fomentando el comercio legal de madera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

HIGHLIGHTS Technological advances have expanded height-diameter models with new variables. A literature review has led to forest biometricians to choose increment models. Height models have been classified into four main groups. Data transformation is unnecessary for generalized linear models. Model generation is discussed for various species and formulated via differential equations. SUMMARY Forest scientists use regression models widely, particularly for height-diameter modeling. These models offer several benefits for estimating height in homogeneous or non-homogeneous stands. The original models for height estimation based on diameter at breast height have been extended to include other variables, thanks to technological advancements. The purpose of this article is to provide a literature review using the methodology outlined by Cervo and Bervian (2011), providing helpful information to forest biometricians in selecting a height-diameter model that utilizes historical data. The models can be classified into four main groups and extended to include other covariates besides diameter at breast height. Many of the models used data transformation but results showed that with the exception of one group (nonlinear models), all other models can be considered a generalized linear model, with corresponding linear predictors and link functions. The paper also discusses the generation process of these models, the species to which they are commonly applied, and how they can be created using general ordinary differential equations. Les scientifiques de la forêt utilisent les modèles régressifs largement, en particulier pour la modélisation des hauts diamètres. Ces modèles offrent plusieurs bénéfices pour l'estimation de la hauteur, que la parcelle soit homogène ou non. Les modèles originaux pour estimer la hauteur en se basant sur la largeur à taille de poitrine ont été élargis pour comprendre d'autres variables, grâce aux avances technologiques. Le but de cet article est de fournir une analyse de la littérature en utilisant la méthodologie soulignée par Cervo et Bervian (2011), qui offre des informations utiles aux biométriciens forestiers quand ils sélectionnent un modèle de hauteur/diamètre utilisant des données historiques. Les modèles peuvent être classifiés en quatre groupes principaux et être étendus pour incorporer d'autres covariants différents du diamètre à hauteur de poitrine. Plusieurs modèles utilisaient la transformation des données, mais les résultats ont montré qu'à l'exception d'un groupe (les modèles non-linéaires) tous les autres modèles peuvent être considérés comme un modèle linéaire généralisé, portant des prédicteurs linéaires et des fonctionslien correspondantes. L'article discute également du processus de création de ces modèles, des espèces auxquelles ils sont communément appliqués, et de la manière dont ils peuvent être créés en utilisant des équations différentielles ordinaires. Los científicos forestales utilizan ampliamente los modelos de regresión, en particular para la modelización altura-diámetro. Estos modelos ofrecen varias ventajas para estimar la altura en rodales homogéneos y no homogéneos. Los modelos originales de estimación de la altura basados en el diámetro a la altura del pecho se han ampliado para incluir otras variables, gracias a los avances tecnológicos. El propósito de este artículo es proporcionar una revisión de la bibliografía utilizando la metodología descrita por Cervo y Bervian (2011), con la que aportar información útil a los biometristas forestales en la selección de un modelo altura-diámetro que utilice datos históricos. Los modelos pueden clasificarse en cuatro grupos principales y ampliarse para incluir otras covariables además del diámetro a la altura del pecho. Muchos de los modelos utilizaron la transformación de datos, pero los resultados mostraron que, a excepción de un grupo (modelos no lineales), el resto de los modelos pueden considerarse un modelo lineal generalizado, con sus correspondientes predictores lineales y funciones de enlace. También se debate el proceso de generación de estos modelos, las especies a las que suelen aplicarse y cómo pueden crearse utilizando ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias genéricas. Os cientistas florestais utilizam amplamente modelos de regressão, especialmente para modelagem da relação altura-diâmetro. Esses modelos oferecem diversos benefícios para estimativa de altura em povoamentos homogêneos ou não homogêneos. Os modelos originais para estimativa de altura com base no diâmetro à altura do peito foram ampliados para incluir outras variáveis, graças aos avanços tecnológicos. O objetivo deste artigo é fornecer uma revisão da literatura utilizando a metodologia delineada por Cervo e Bervian (2011), fornecendo informações úteis aos biometristas florestais na seleção de um modelo para a relação altura-diâmetro que utiliza dados históricos. Os modelos podem ser classificados em quatro grupos principais e estendidos para incluir outras covariáveis além do diâmetro à altura do peito. Muitos dos modelos utilizaram transformação de dados, mas os resultados mostraram que, com exceção de um grupo (modelos não lineares), todos os outros modelos podem ser considerados um modelo linear generalizado, com correspondentes preditores lineares e funções de ligação. O artigo também discute o processo de geração desses modelos, as espécies às quais eles são comumente aplicados e como eles podem ser criados usando equações diferenciais ordinárias gerais. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIGHLIGHTS In Côte d'Ivoire, the loss of 95% of the mangrove area is linked to several factors, including illegal exploitation. In the Sassandra-Dagbégo complex, where some fragments of mangrove still exist on Ivorian territory, Avicennia germinans and Rhizophora racemosa are the two main mangrove species. The third mangrove species, Conocarpus erectus, although rare in the mangroves of Côte d'Ivoire, has also been recorded at low densities. The main driver for mangrove wood harvesting is its use in smoking fish in Sassandra. In the mangrove wood value chain, cutters and loggers ensure that local needs are met, village chiefs ensure access to land and resources, and buyers are women who smoke fish. SUMMARY This paper examines the dynamic of illegal supply chain and demand of mangrove wood in Sassandra, Côte d'Ivoire. Botanical inventories and surveys across four localities and one island analyzed mangrove wood sources, distribution networks, trends, incentives, and actors involved. Results revealed varying mangrove species densities, notably Avicennia germinans (237.7 to 525 stems/ha) and Rhizophora racemosa (487.5 to 1337.5 stems/ha). The presence of Conocarpus erectus (gray mangrove), a species that has become rare in the mangrove and swamp forests of Côte d'Ivoire, was notable. The main driver for mangrove wood harvesting was its use in smoking fish, involving a six-stage supply chain. The key actors, namely producers, focus on the profitability of selling this wood, while buyers value its utility in fish processing. The study underscores challenges linked to the illegal mangrove wood trade and the need for conservation policies and sustainable management of this forest resource in Côte d'Ivoire. Cet article examine la dynamique de la chaîne d'approvisionnement et de la demande illégale de bois de mangrove à Sassandra, en Côte d'Ivoire. Des inventaires botaniques et des enquêtes dans quatre localités et sur une île ont analysé les sources de bois de mangrove, leurs réseaux de distribution, les tendances, les incitations et les acteurs impliqués. Les résultats ont révélé des densités variables d'espèces de mangrove, en particulier l'Avicennia germinans (de 237.7 à 525 tiges/ha) et le Rhizophora racemosa (de 487.5 à 1337.5 tiges/ha). La présence de Conocarpus erectus (palétuvier gris) une espèce devenue rare dans les mangroves et forêts marécageuses de la Côte d'Ivoire était notable. Le principal moteur conduisant à la récolte de bois de mangrove était son utilisation dans le fumage du poisson, impliquant une chaîne d'approvisionnement à six maillons. Les acteurs clés, en l'occurrence les producteurs, sont focalisés sur la rentabilité de la vente de ce bois; tandis que les acheteurs, de leur côté, apprécient son utilité dans la production de poisson fumé. Cette étude souligne les défis liés au commerce illégal de bois de mangrove et la nécessité de mettre en place des politiques de conservation et de gestion durable de cette ressource forestière en Côte d'Ivoire. Este artículo estudia la dinámica de la cadena de suministro ilegal de madera de mangle en Sassandra (Costa de Marfil). Los inventarios botánicos y los estudios realizados en cuatro localidades y una isla evaluaron las fuentes de madera de mangle, las redes de distribución, las tendencias, los incentivos y los agentes implicados. Los resultados revelaron diferentes densidades de especies de manglar, en particular Avicennia germinans (237,7 a 525 pies/ha) y Rhizophora racemosa (487,5 a 1337,5 pies/ha). Destaca la presencia de Conocarpus erectus (mangle gris), una especie que se ha vuelto rara en los manglares y bosques palustres de Costa de Marfil. El principal impulsor del aprovechamiento de madera de mangle fue su uso para ahumar pescado, que suponía una cadena de suministro de seis etapas. Los agentes principales, es decir, los productores, buscan la rentabilidad, mientras que los compradores valoran su utilidad en el procesamiento del pescado. El estudio subraya los retos relacionados con el comercio ilegal de madera de manglar y la necesidad de políticas de conservación y gestión sostenible de este recurso forestal en Costa de Marfil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the forestry sector in Indonesia, highlighting issues related to deforestation. It discusses the move of Asia Pulp and Paper Co. Ltd., noted to be the world's third biggest paper company, to end deforestation in the country and to help in restoring the habitats of the rare Sumatran tiger and orangutan. Aida Greenbury, the company's managing director, is profiled.

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)