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BACKGROUND: The establishment of coculture system combined with physical factors and scaffold materials and the induction of cytokines have become the focus of chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of bone morphogenetic protein 7 combined with porous tantalum on chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of Sprague-Dawley rats (provided by Beijing Huafukang Biology) were isolated and cultured. Group intervention: (1) in the experimental group, porous tantalum tablet was added, while in the control group, porous tantalum tablet was not added. At 5 days after culture, cell growth on the surface of porous tantalum tablet was observed by phalloidin staining. At 1,3, 5, and 7 days after culture, CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation. (2) Group A was added with chondrocyte inducer; group B with chondrocyte inducer and bone morphogenetic protein 7; group C with domestic porous tantalum material and chondrocyte inducer; group D with domestic porous tantalum material and chondrocyte inducer and bone morphogenetic protein 7. At 7,14 and 21 days after culture, the levels of type II collagen, SRY type high mobility group protein and matrix metalloproteinase-13 secreted by cells in each group was detected by ELISA. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of type II collagen, SRY type high mobility group protein and matrix metalloproteinase-13. This study was approved by the Animal Experimental Ethics Committee of North China University of Science and Technology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The phalloidin staining results showed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grew well on and around the porous tantalum surface. (2) At 3 and 5 days after culture, the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was slower in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in cell proliferation between the two groups at 1 and 7 days (P > 0.05). (3) At 7,14 and 21 days, the expression of type II collagen and SRY high mobility group protein increased gradually among groups A, B, C and D (P < 0.05). At 7 days, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 decreased gradually among groups A, B, C and D (P < 0.05). At 14 days, matrix metalloproteinase-13 secretion of matrix in group A was highest compared with that in group B, group C and group D [P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups B, C and D (P > 0.05). At 21 days, there was no significant difference among groups A, B, C and D (P > 0.05). (4) Western blot assay showed that at 7,14 and 21 days after culture, the expression level of type II collagen and SRY high mobility group protein increased gradually in groups A, B, C and D (P < 0.05). At 7 days, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 decreased gradually in groups A, B, C and D (P < 0.05). At 14 days, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 was higher in group A than in groups C and D (P < 0.05), and higher in groups B and C than in group D (P < 0.05). At 21 days, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 was higher in group A than in groups B, C and D (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found among groups B, C and D (P > 0.05). (5) The results showed that bone morphogenetic protein-7 combined with domestic porous tantalum could induce cartilage differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, facilitate the expression of type II collagen and SRY high mobility group protein, and inhibit the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]