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Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Child abuse and neglect is an important public health problem that recurs unless it is recognized early and protection measures are implemented timely. Multidisciplinary collaboration of related professionals is of paramount importance in assessing and managing cases of child abuse and neglect. The father of the twins presented in this paper, who was employed in odd jobs as the sole bread-winner of his family of five and abused his wife also physically abused his twin children under one year of age. Although the physicians reported these children to law enforcement, the family concealed the abuse and neither the physicians nor the law enforcement reported this family to child protective services. As a consequence, a picture of recurrence of abuse with a cumulative negative medico-social outcome was observed. Since the mother declined to testify on the father abusing his children during the court proceedings, the father returned to the family after a brief incarceration. Child protective measures were established only after the forensic medicine physician interfered with the proceedings on a voluntary basis. This presentation aimed at reviewing the risk factors related to abuse and associated findings and assessment steps of abuse. In addition, these cases confirmed that every child abuse case that is missed by physicians and mismanaged legally or from child protection perspective has the potential to lead to severe, chronic abuse. Therefore, it is important that the family, law, medicine, and social services should collaborate in diagnosis and management of these cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tonsillar tuberculosis is a rare form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. We reported a case with tonsillar tuberculosis secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis in this paper. A 26 year old, unimmunocompromised man admitted to head and neck surgery clinic with complaints of fever, throatache and difficulty swallowing. The patient was consulted by infectious diseases clinic because of examination findings and his history. Asid fast basili was determined in tonsillar lesion smear, sputum and the patient was diagnosed as tonsillar and pulmonary tuberculosis. Antituberculous agents were started. Complaints of the patient were decreased and any adverse effect was developed. Treatment was completed in 9 months. In patients with long-term difficulty swallowing and fever, countries in which tuberculosis is prevalent, tonsillar tuberculosis should be considered, even if the patients were unimmunocompromised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Thoracic Journal / Turk Toraks Dergisi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Thoracic Journal / Turk Toraks Dergisi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Evaluating the prolonged efficacy of restorative materials hinges significantly on their ability to resist discoloration. This study aims to assess the discoloration resistance of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing restorative materials featuring distinct chemical compositions. Methods: A1-colored samples from 4 diverse CAD/CAM restorative materials (Lava Ultimate, Tetric CAD, Vita Enamic, and IPS e.max CAD), each with a 2 mm thickness (n = 12), were meticulously prepared. Baseline CIE L*a*b* values were measured using a spectrophotometer, and randomly assigned samples were subjected to a 28-day immersion in either distilled water (control group) or coffee (n = 6). After the designated period, CIE L*a*b* values were reevaluated, and ΔEab values were computed. A 2-way analysis of variance test was employed to scrutinize the influence of both the restorative material type and solution type on quantitative variables (P < .05). Results: In the comparison of samples immersed in coffee, IPS e.max CAD demonstrated significantly less staining than other samples, while Lava Ultimate exhibited significantly more staining (P < .05). No significant difference in ΔEab was observed among CAD/CAM restorative materials kept in distilled water. Although the ΔEab values of specimens immersed in distilled water remained below the CIELAB 50: 50% acceptability threshold (ΔEab = 2.7), samples immersed in coffee exceeded this threshold. Conclusion: The resistance to discoloration is influenced by both the restorative material and the nature of the solution. Consequently, clinicians may opt for restorative materials displaying heightened discoloration resistance or provide comprehensive guidance to patients regarding staining beverages and effective oral hygiene practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate surface roughness of pit and fissure sealant before and after their exposure to different beverages. Methods: Three pit and fissure sealants (Clinpro, UltraSeal XT hydro, Fissurit FX) were used in this study. Eighty-four specimens (8 mm diameter and 2 mm height) of 3 pit and fissure sealants were immersed in soft drink, pasteurized milk, orange juice, and artificial saliva for 2 minutes daily and following a distilled water rinse, the specimens were immersed in fresh distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Surface roughness was measured using a contact profilometer 3 different times: baseline, 15 days, 30 days. Data were analyzed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis test and Friedman test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in Fissurit FX, Clinpro, and UltraSeal XT hydro between different beverage groups in terms of surface roughness at T0, T1, and T2 times (P > .05). No statistically significant difference was found between the fissure sealant groups in terms of surface roughness at baseline, 15 days, and 30 days when immersed in different beverages groups (P > .05). Conclusion: Acidic beverages did not result in a statistically significant difference in the surface roughness of Clinpro, Fissurit FX, and UltraSeal XT hydro. However, it has been determined that the surface roughness of UltraSeal XT hydro is mathematically less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effect of various surface treatments (STs) and restorative materials on the shear bond strength (SBS) of glass hybrid (GH) restorative materials. Methods: Sixty-three GH restorative material samples (Equia Forte Fil, GC) were prepared (6 × 2 mm) and randomly divided into 3 groups according to the subsequent ST (n = 21): phosphoric acid etching (PA), aluminum oxide sandblasting (AO), and diamond bur roughening (DB). After that, 3 subgroups were created from the samples in each group based on the restoration material applied: Ionofil Molar AC (IM; Voco), Fuji II LC (FLC; GC), and Charisma Smart (CS; Kulzer). The bonded specimens were subjected to the SBS test. In addition, the samples were evaluated with a scanning electron microscopy. The results were statistically examined using twoway analysis of variance with post hoc test (P = .05). Results: The CS groups were higher in SBS compared to the other groups, whereas the IM groups had low bond strength (P < .05). The FLC, CS, DB, and PA groups showed the highest SBS (P < .05). The lowest SBS values were observed in the PA group in IM (P < .05). Conclusion: The GH restorative materials were successfully repaired with composite resin using diamond bur roughening or phosphoric acid etching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Although skin prick tests (SPTs) are generally considered safe, limited studies have specifically evaluated reactions related to SPTs with all allergens. In contrast to these studies, our aim is to exclusively evaluate systemic reaction (SR) occurrences with food allergens during SPTs in children. Materials and Methods: All patients who underwent skin prick and/or prick-to-prick (PtoP) tests with food allergens at our clinic between January 2010 and January 2020 were included in the study. The occurrence of SR during SPTs was evaluated based on patient records. Results: The study included 1852 patients, with 57% males and a median age of 31 months (1-210). Skin tests were most commonly conducted for the indication of atopic dermatitis (29.3%). During the study, 11.2% had repeat SPTs for tolerance and a new allergy diagnosis. No local reactions or SRs occurred during SPTs. Among those with PtoP tests, 3 patients (0.16%) experienced SRs—1 had anaphylaxis (0.05%), the rest had angioedema. Legumes and sea bass caused these reactions. In patients with severe index reactions and those who underwent PtoP testing, SR development was significantly higher (P < .001 for both), and anaphylaxis occurrence was significantly higher among those undergoing PtoP testing compared to prick testing alone (P = .03). Conclusion: The prevalence of both SR and anaphylaxis due to SPT with food allergens was found to be quite low in children. However, it is important to consider the possibility of SR development before conducting SPT with food allergens, especially in patients who will undergo the PtoP test and those with severe index reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neonatal seizures are a common cause of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the recent decades, there have been significant improvements in perinatal and neonatal medicine and electroencephalograp hic monitoring that have enhanced the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal seizures in highincome countries. However, the management of neonatal seizures remains a major challenge in low- to middle-income countries, where the availabilityof resources is limited. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive review of the current evidence on the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal seizures and to offer practical management recommendations that could be implemented in resource-limited settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim is to present a case of cochlear implantation (CI) after vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection and intracochlear auditory nerve monitoring. The case of a 53-year-old man with left-sided iatrogenic dehiscence of the posterior semicircular canal after VS resection using the retrosigmoid approach is reported. Because of third mobile window symptoms, transmastoid plugging of the posterior and superior semicircular canal was carried out. In the following 3 years, ipsilateral hearing problems and tinnitus loudness increased, and therefore CI was considered. To investigate the electrophysiological status of the left cochlear nerve, intraoperative auditory nerve monitoring was performed using the Auditory Nerve Test System (ANTS). Audiological assessments included tinnitus evaluation, speech perception in noise, and sound localization. Because reliable electrical auditory brainstem response waveforms were found during intracochlear ANTS testing, supporting the integrity of cochlear nerve function, CI was performed during the same surgery using a flexible 34-mm electrode array. Audiological evaluation 3 months after CI activation showed a significant positive effect of CI usage on tinnitus loudness (8/10 in the CIOFF condition going to 0/10 in the CION condition). Moreover, speech perception in noise and localization testing showed restored binaural hearing in the CION condition. Cochlear implantation was found to be successful in a single-sided deaf case with iatrogenic dehiscence of the posterior semicircular canal after VS resection. Prior to implantation, intraoperative ANTS measurement proved integrity of the cochlear nerve function and therefore has the ability to guide the decision of placing a CI after VS resection in case of preservation of cochlear nerve function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic functional disorder where treatment should be tailored to the individual needs. While customized therapy with a physiotherapist has evidence-based benefits, it comes at a cost and the facility may not be available to some, especially in rural areas. An alternative option is a home-based treatment called MEND (Move, Eye, Neck stretching, and Deep breathing exercises) therapy. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of MEND therapy in PPPD compared to the hospital-based vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT). Methods: 59 PPPD patients completed the randomized-controlled study comparing MEND therapy (intervention) and hospital-based VRT (control). EuroQOL Group quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), and 21-question Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were monitored at baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. Results: At the end of the study, 100% patients on MEND therapy found it beneficial compared to 79.3% in the control group. The MEND therapy provided significant improvements in the physical (P = .007), functional (P = .0006), emotional (P = .0003), and total DHI (P = .0003) with a medium to large effect size. The control group showed significant improvement only in the functional elements of DHI (P = .04), and total DHI (P = .04) with a small to medium effect size. Conclusion: The MEND therapy is an effective option that incorporates all elements of therapy for PPPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Oticon Medical cochlear implant (CI) systems were evaluated for noise reduction effectiveness using voice track (VT) and adaptive directional microphones to determine the optimum CI fitting parameters, especially in noisy environments. Methods: Ten CI users (3 females, mean age 28.22; 7 males, mean age 36.71) participated in the study. Speech recognition in noise was evaluated in different test conditions with 2-syllable word lists in stationary speech-shaped noise. Five different test conditions were determined for each participant using a combination of software-based VT and directional microphone technology. In the first condition, the omnidirectional microphone (M) was selected and VT was turned off. The fully directional M and strong VT combination were activated in the second condition. In the third condition, the omnidirectional M and strong VT were set. In the fourth condition, automatic adaptive directional M and medium VT were used. Finally, omnidirectional M and medium VT were selected. Results: Speech comprehension scores obtained in a quiet environment were significantly better than those of the other 4 conditions in a noisy environment (P < .01). In addition, the best noise comprehension score (44%) was obtained in the fourth condition, although this was not statistically significant (P < .05). Conclusion: The VT technology was more effective in understanding speech in noise when used in the medium setting and with an automatic adaptive directional microphone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This prospective study aimed to evaluate the benefit of barbed reposition pharyngoplasty in the management of patients presenting with isolated unilevel palatal snoring, regardless of the presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: Barbed reposition pharyngoplasty was performed in 16 patients with confirmed unilevel palatal snoring observed during drug-induced sleep endoscopy. Patient-reported snoring questionnaires were taken before surgery and at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 6 months after surgery. Additionally, postoperative data, including pain scores, duration of hospitalization, and complication types and rates, were reported. Results: The mean snoring intensity dropped significantly from 8.1 ± 2.0 preoperatively to 3.5 ± 2.1 after 6 months (P < .001). The mean preoperative and postoperative snoring severity were 7.0 ± 1.5 and 3.1 ± 1.7, respectively (P < .001). The mean snoring score decreased from 8.5 ± 1.5 to 3.6 ± 2.0 (P < .001). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores decreased from 6.7 ± 4.2 to 4.9 ± 5.0, but this reduction did not reach significance (P = .087). Mean pain scores reached a peak at 6.4 ± 1.8 on day 4. The average hospitalization period was 1.06 ± 0.25. Thread extrusion occurred in 5 patients (31.3%) with no clear effect on the outcome measures. Conclusion: Barbed reposition pharyngoplasty is an effective surgical treatment option for patients with unilevel palatal snoring, and indications for palatal surgery should not be limited to OSA. Future studies assessing objective outcome measures and longer follow-up periods are needed to validate our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Variations exist in the diagnosis and management of male hypogonadism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These variations necessitated the need to review the diagnosis and effectiveness of treatment of male hypogonadism in patients with T2DM. The objective of the study was to systematically review the approach to the diagnostic workup and treatment of male hypogonadism in patients with T2DM. Methods: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. A systematic search was done using PubMed/Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Central Library. This was followed by a manual evaluation of the literature. Two independent reviewers used a standardized data extraction tool to obtain data from the included studies in the review. Articles were pooled, and statistical meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan-5 version 5.a.4 software. Results: The global prevalence of hypogonadism ranged from 4.4% to 80.4%. Twelve studies were included in the analysis to find the best diagnostic option for hypogonadism. Three studies used a total testosterone (TT) level of <11 nmol/L to diagnose hypogonadism, 5 used a TT level of <12 nmol/L, and 2 studies each used free testosterone levels of <11.8 pg/mL and <6.5 ng/L. From the analysis, studies that used a TT level of <11 nmol/L had the best glycemic control [pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.65, 95% CI (-0.95)-(-0.35), P < .001 (with low heterogeneity: Q = 2.83; I2 = 29%)]. Seven studies were analyzed to find the best treatment option for male hypogonadism. Three of these used intramuscular testosterone undecanoate, 3 used transdermal testosterone gel, and 1 used intramuscular testosterone enanthate. However, the use of TT gel was found to be the best treatment option as it produced pooled SMD (95% CI) that is most precise with the lowest P-value (P < .001) and absence of heterogeneity (Cochran Q-test = 1.11; I2 = 0%). Conclusion: Male hypogonadism is best diagnosed using a serum TT of <11 nmol/L. The best treatment option for hypogonadal men with T2DM was daily TT gel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate the utilization and assess the efficacy of the medial crus caudal turn-in technique in the context of primary septorhinoplasty operations. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent functional septorhinoplasty between February 2022 and October 2023. Demographic data, primary complaints, findings, preoperative, operative, and post-operative nasolabial angles, and overall satisfaction, measured on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), were comprehensively evaluated. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis. Results: Eighty patients have been found have been operated on by the author. In those 80, the medial crus caudal turn-in technique was used in 8 patients (F : M = 1). Open rhinoplasty was preferred in all cases, and various surgical modalities were utilized, such as classic composite hump reduction, low-strip let-down dorsal preservation, and septal extension grafts. The mean preoperative columellolabial angle was 78°. Postoperatively, mean of this angle increased to 95°. The change was statistically significant (P = .001). Although patients in the tongue-in-groove group saw the biggest decrease in immediate to 3-month postoperative columellolabial angle, the difference was not significant overall (P = .085), and within the subgroups. Conclusion: The medial crus turn-in emerges as a versatile surgical maneuver with multifunctional applications. It proves effective in providing support and symmetry to the medial crus, reducing columellar show, and volumizing or replacing SMAS (superficial musculoaponeurotic system) dissected away during elevation. This technique has been demonstrated to be both safe and successful, adding to the spectrum of surgical options available in functional septorhinoplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is often used to provide internal biliary drainage in patients with unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma; however, clinical success is not achieved in some patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with clinical success of ERCP with biliary drainage in unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 68 patients with unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent ERCP with biliary drainage from 2010 to 2018. Patients received either unilateral or bilateral metallic stents. Unsuccessful biliary drainage was defined as a reduction in serum bilirubin of less than 50% from baseline levels within 2 weeks. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s Chi-square test were utilized for analyses. Results: The rate of successful biliary drainage was 60.3%. Elective biliary drainage exhibited a significantly higher success rate compared to emergency biliary drainage [odds ratio (OR)=3.903, 95% CI, 1.212-12.566, P=.032]. High serum total bilirubin was associated with a significantly higher success rate compared to low serum total bilirubin (OR=1.069, 95% CI, 1.008-1.134, P=.025). Conclusion: Higher serum total bilirubin levels and elective intervention were identified as factors affecting the success rate of ERCP with biliary drainage. These factors should be assessed to identify patients who might benefit from this procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Sex differences in patients suffering from schizophrenia are well established for clinical symptoms and a number of sociodemographic parameters, but not for cognitive functioning. Data on the relationship between cognition and clinical symptoms are also contradictory. This study was aimed at evaluating cognitive functions, symptomatology, and the relationship between these domains, with consideration of the sex of the patient. Methods: "ne hundred and twenty-nine patients (55% males) diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia in remission according to 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems completed a broad battery of cognitive tests. Disease severity was measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Clinical Global Impression--Severity. Male and female patients were homogeneous in age, age of illness onset, duration of the disease, and severity of symptomatology. Results: Patients showed a notable difference in cognitive functioning and in the pattern of links between cognitive functioning and clinical symptoms. Female patients demonstrated higher results in psychomotor speed, while male patients showed higher results in some aspects of executive functioning. The most prominent sex-related difference was that for each of the sexes, those cognitive functions that were more impaired relative to the group trend were associated more closely with the clinical symptomatology of schizophrenia. Conclusion: Patients' sex is a crucial factor mediating cognitive functioning and the symptomatology of schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Remediastinal intervention is an indispensable procedure to assess mediastinal lymph node metastasis after induction chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Remediastinal interventions can be a difficult procedure because adhesions from a prior mediastinoscopy may reduce the surgeon’s field of view and may cause difficulty in diagnosing a lymph node, which causes suspicion about invasion. There are several adhesion barrier procedures, which were used to prevent postoperative adhesions, but none of them provided remarkable results. There are studies including abdominal, gynecologic, and neurochirurgic surgery; however, there is no sufficient study regarding mediastinum. In this study, we have explored the role of hyaluronic acid and carboxymethylcellulose in preventing mediastinal adhesion. Methods: In our study, 21 New Zealand-type male and female rabbits—each with a weight of 2500-3500 g—were used. Three groups, each including 7 rabbits, were set up using randomized sampling method. Mediastinal dissection was performed in the first group and Seprafilm® was used to build adhesion inhibition. Mediastinal dissection was performed in the second group, and 0.9% NaCl was used to build adhesion inhibition. In the control group, all layers were sutured primarily after mediastinal dissection. The rabbits were sacrificed after 30 days and each group was compared with the control group, using macroscopic and microscopic adhesion criteria. Results: According to the results of our study, Seprafilm® was found to be statistically efficient in preventing and decreasing adhesion in mediastinum (P < .01 in macroscopic criteria, P < .05 in inflammation, and vascular proliferation criteria). Conclusion: Seprafilm® can be used as an adhesion barrier in prevention of adhesions that develop as a result of surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disasters, which are an important part of human history, make access to food and safe water difficult and affect human health. During a disaster or emergency, everyone must be provided with food and safe water for at least 3 days. These foods should be easily prepared, have high energy, prevent dehydration, and be durable, such as canned foods, cereals, legumes, nuts, dried fruits, and meats. After the acute period is over, food stores should be designed to meet the requirements adequately. For a total of 2100 kcal/day, at least 10% of the total energy should be from protein and at least 17% from fats. It is the most practicable and healthy option that is to meet the drinking water requirement with bottled water immediately after disasters and until temporary settlement is established. Mains, water should be brought to the area without delay, regardless of temporary or permanent settlement. If water cannot be supplied with bottled water and central chlorination, appropriate techniques such as filtration, chlorination, and boiling must be applied for unsafe water, especially until safe water is provided by aid organizations. These methods, which only remove physical and microbiological contamination in water, should be applied until a long-term solution is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic Medicine practices in earthquakes will necessarily differ from the practices normally carried out. However, it should not be overlooked that this difference is valid only for earthquakes of a “catastrophic” nature that cause great destruction, injury, or death of many people. The 2 main dimensions of the event are the forensic-medical approach to people who were injured but survived and the forensic-medical procedure to be applied to those who died in the earthquake. The basic principle for people who survived the earthquake but were injured is not to evaluate the case as a forensic case unless there is any information, finding, or suspicion to the contrary. In this case, a forensic case notification is not made and a forensic report is not prepared. However, in these cases, the identity information, systemic examination findings, description of the wounds, and radiological and laboratory findings that will be needed in the future should be recorded in detail and the records should be kept. The normal forensic medical procedure is applied to the external examination of the corpse of persons who were removed from the wreckage as dead. The case is a “forensic case” and identification and external examination procedures are performed by the Public Prosecutor and the Physician. However, if there is no information, finding, or suspicion to the contrary, autopsy is not applied to the case, and burial permission is given. The important point here is to take, store/ send the samples required for molecular genetic analysis, as well as forensic and medical identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The coronavirus 2019 pandemic had a worldwide effect on people as well as on pediatric patients with cancer. This effect also caused cancer therapy plan alterations. In this study, we aimed to investigate pediatric patients with cancer who were diagnosed as having coronavirus 2019 infections and the alterations in treatment plans. Methods: Pediatric patients with cancer who were followed up in Istanbul Medical Faculty Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Outpatient Clinic and were diagnosed as having coronavirus 2019 between March 2020 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 28 patients were diagnosed as having a coronavirus 2019 infection. Forty-three percent of the patients had leukemia, and 57% had solid tumors. More than half (58%) of the patients had mild coronavirus 2019 symptoms. Sixteen (57%) patients had a therapy delay because of coronavirus 2019 infections. The mean therapy delay day was 5.8 ± 2.9 (median: 5 days). Hematologic malignancy (leukemia) had a delay rate of 33% in therapy, and it was 75% in solid tumors. Conclusion: The coronavirus 2019 pandemic affected all people as well as pediatric patients with cancer. The rate of delay in therapy was 57% in our overall pediatric cancer population. The prevention of patients against virus, vaccination of parents, and review of therapy plans might be scheduled in cancer centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Diabetic neuropathy is the most common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus. The vagal nerve and its branches might be affected, and the consequences can be very disastrous. This study aims to show if there is any subclinical vagal nerve involvement in diabetes mellitus. Methods: Fourteen patients with diabetic neuropathy without swallowing difficulty and dysphonia and 15 healthy controls were included in this prospective study. Nerve conduction studies, blink reflex, and swallowing studies were conducted. The results were compared between 2 groups. Results: Blink reflex exhibited abnormalities in patients compared to healthy controls. The recurrent laryngeal nerve motor response latency was significantly longer in patients (P < .001), whereas there was no significant difference for the pause period of swallowing. Conclusion: Prolonged distal motor latency of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in spite of normal swallowing pattern at the cricopharyngeal muscle electromyography in patients with diabetic neuropathy suggests subclinical vagal neuropathy and so lower cranial involvement. Patients should be informed about this clinical condition and closely followed up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the relatively high frequency of central nervous system infections and considerable mortality and morbidity reported to be caused by herpes simplex viruses among the other viral agents, having a clear knowledge about their epidemiological profile seems necessary. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the relative frequency and prevalence of herpes simplex encephalitis and meningitis in patients tested for viral etiologies. A comprehensive systematic review was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, searching for studies on the prevalence and relative frequency of herpes simplex virus 1 and herpes simplex virus 2 encephalitis and meningitis. Seventy-one studies were included. Overall, the prevalence of herpes simplex virus encephalitis among patients tested was 8% (95% confidence interval, 6%-11%; I2 = 98%) and the prevalence of herpes simplex virus meningitis among aseptic patients tested was 4% (95% confidence interval, 3%-7%; I2 = 95%), and a significant difference was observed by region. The results of our subgroup analysis for herpes simplex virus encephalitis revealed a prevalence of 8% for pediatric patients and adolescents and 12% for adults. The results for herpes simplex virus meningitis showed a prevalence of 4% for pediatric patients and adolescents and 9% for adults. We observed significant differences in the frequency of herpes simplex virus 1 and herpes simplex virus 2 detection rates by region. Having high rates of missed cases due to inadequate, highly sensitive paraclinical tests performed on patients with suspected viral central nervous system infection is one of the possible factors. More studies are needed to detect the possible flaws in the process of diagnosis in different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Empty sella (ES) means an enlarged sella turcica that is not completely filled with pituitary tissue. Occasionally patients may have ES with the tumor situated within the normal pituitary tissue. In this paper we describe an ES case which presented with acromegaly clinical findings. Case Report: 52-year-old woman presented with enlarging of her hands and feet. Physical examination revealed typical acromegalic features and no visual field defects. Laboratory data showed elevated serum growth hormone [GH: 1.83 ng/ml. NR (0.06-5)] and insulin-like growth factor- 1 [IGF-1: 661ng/ml, NR (55-248)]. An oral glucosetolerance test(OGTT) showed no suppression of GH values. The other pituitary hormone profile was in normal range. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) revealed an empty sella and no sellar mass (Figure 1). We considered this situation as MRI-occult adenoma. Somatostatin 30 mg/day was started and cabergolin 0.5 mg/week was added. There are no complications of acromegaly and the laboratory is stable (GH <1 ng/mL, IGF-1 normal) at the 5-years followup. Discussion: The acromegalic patients who present with empty sella are more likely to have small-sized tumors that are not detected on the MRI. Even though the most widely accepted recommendation in these patients is surgery as the primary treatment regardless of tumor size. it's reported that intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and noncurative resection is higher in these patients. At our case, as the patient didn't have hypopituitarism, we followed the patient with medical treatment and there was no mass growth or clinical deterioration. As our opinion, follow-up can be a choice at these patients to protect the patient from worse endocrinologic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The effects of religious beliefs on someone's emotions and thoughts towards several aspects of life are widely known. This paper presents two studies, one of them is on the scale development to measure the religious orientation and religiosity and, another aims to investigate the validity and reliability of the two scales. Method: In the first study an item pool were composed and some items were retained based on the judges' ratings in order to Religious Orientation Scale (ROS). Items were written by the authors to constitute the Muslim Religiosity Scale (MRS). Both were organised as Likert type scales and administered to a university students sample (n=493) together with socio-demographics. In the second study data were collected from another university students (n=349) sample by means of a questionnaire consisted of Need for Cognition Scale,1,4 Locus of Control Scale,² and Social Desirability Scale3 besides ROS and MRS. Results: The factor analyses conducted with data from the first study confirmed the construct validity and, internal consistency analyses revealed that both scales were reliable. In the second study findings confirmed the construct validity of ROS and MRS. Conclusion: The findings of both studies showed that ROS and MRS are reliable and valid. However it was argued that the quest religious orientation scale needs to be improved from some aspects. The findings of both studies were discussed in terms of the relations between the religious orientation, religiosity and the other constructs (NFC, LOC, and SD) and compared to the findings of previous studies, and, suggestions were made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP) as the united voice of paediatrics and child health in Europe. The EAP represents national paediatric societies and paediatric subspecialty societies, working to support and protect the health and well-being of children. The EAP is responsible for developing European Training Requirements in Paediatrics and Paediatric Subspecialties, which are binding standards in European Union member states and guide training standards in other countries. The article also highlights the EAP's involvement in improving vaccination rates, securing access to medical devices for children, promoting child and adolescent health with the WHO Regional Office for Europe, and the activities of the Young European Academy of Paediatrics. [Extracted from the article]

In recent years, increasing the rate of green energy use in order to meet the increasing energy demand and combat global warming has become one of the important goals of the countries. For this reason, the integration of renewable energy sources as distributed generation has become increasingly popular. In this study, hybrid renewable energy systems were designed for the electrification of a 100-household area in the Sarayköy district of Denizli province, Turkey, and the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables program was used to optimize the required component outputs to to achieve the best economic and environmental results. A total of six hybrid renewable energy system designs, three grid-connected and three stand-alone, were created with different combinations of components such as photovoltaic panel, wind turbine, diesel generator, battery energy storage system, and converter. The most economical design was the grid-connected system with only solar energy with a unit energy cost of 0.0362 $/kWh, while the most cost-effective was the stand-alone system containing solar energy, wind energy, and batteries with 1.61 $/kWh. In terms of the environment, on the contrary, off-grid systems emit less carbon dioxide, while on-grid systems emit more carbon dioxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power transformers are one of the most important and costly equipment of electrical networks. Possible malfunctions that may occur in a power transformer may cause power outages as well as large energy losses. Therefore, it is important to detect the fault in transformers in advance. One of the commonly used methods for fault diagnosis in transformers is to make analyses based on gas concentrations that occur at the time of failure. This method is called dissolved gas analysis (DGA) which is based on measuring gas formation in the transformer insulating fluid during or before the fault. In this study, gas data obtained from DGA was used as the inputs of the chosen machine learning algorithms, and their diagnostic performances were measured. First, the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee (IEC TC)-10 data set which is very popular in the literature was used, and then the real data set obtained from the Turkish Electricity System was applied. Since the data set consists of different sizes, it greatly affects the performance of classification algorithms. Different data preprocessing methods were applied to increase the performance of the algorithms, and how they affect the performance of the algorithms was examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a new modulation method is proposed to reduce the harmonics at the output voltage due to dead time in uninterruptible power supply (UPS) applications. In UPS applications, it is desirable to have low-output voltage harmonics. Dead-time effects in a three-level UPS were investigated for various load conditions. Analysis and simulations related to the proposed method are given and the optimum solution is found by iteration. The validity of the proposed modulation method is tested on two different UPS systems. UPS1 is 20 kVA NPC type, and UPS2 is 160 kVA T type. It is observed that the theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement, and the total harmonic distortion value caused by dead time is significantly reduced at ohmic loads. The proposed method is activated at power factor >0.95 and it improves the output voltage quality as much as the ideal case where the dead time is zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]