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[Display omitted] Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have always been a major concern as a global environmental problem. As a low-cost, high-efficiency and visual sensor, photonic crystals (PCs) have been actively studied in VOCs detection. Herein, a one-dimensional PC sensor for visual sensing of highly toxic benzene series VOC vapors is prepared for the first time by integrating a new photo-crosslinked polymer-poly(styrene-benzoylphenyl acrylate) P(St-BPA) and a high specific surface area metal–organic framework (MOF) MIL-101(Cr). The PC can detect VOCs quantitatively and visually, and clearly distinguish 7 benzene series vapors. The detection limit of the benzene series VOCs is as low as 0.06–3.45 g/m3. Meanwhile, owing to the ultra-thin layer and porous structure, the PC can reach a response equilibrium to the VOCs within 1–2.6 s. Moreover, the PC has a good organic vapor tolerance and can maintain stable optical performance after 1000 times of reuse in VOCs. Besides, 4 other PCs assembled with different aryl polymers and MOFs are first fabricated and their sensing performance to benzene series VOCs are studied and compared, which provides a valuable reference for the selection of materials for the preparation of such PC sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanism of PMS activation by the FeCo/CNS/PMS system. [Display omitted] • FeCo/CNS is synthesized through a facile impregnation and followed by a pyrolysis process. • FeCo/CNS effectively activates PMS to degrade organic pollutants (BPA and TC) and demonstrates notable efficacy in bacterial inactivation. • Potential intermediates were identified through a combination of LC-MS and theoretical computational analysis. Magnetic carbon-based catalysts with environmental friendliness have exhibited prominent effects on advanced oxidation processes. Herein, a multi-level FeCo/ N -doped carbon nanosheet (FeCo/CNS) was synthesized by facile impregnation iron-cobalt salt onto cotton and followed by confined pyrolysis. We identified excellent advantages of the modified FeCo/CNS materials: (i) The convenience of the synthesis method and (ii) The dual effect of sterilization and contaminant degradation achieved through the FeCo/CNS-activated Peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The comparative experimental showed that FeCo/CNS could provide favorable catalytic performance, completely removing bisphenol A (BPA) and tetracycline (TC) within 5 min. Moreover, the potent sterilization properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were also verified. Analysis of the degradation pathway confirmed the existence of intermediates, and toxicological research demonstrated that the toxicity of the degradation intermediates of BPA gradually decreased over time. Our research provided an excellent application of FeCo/CNS in PMS oxidation and sterilization inactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The structure of MnO 2 was modified by constructing the composites CeO 2 / MnO 2 via a facile hydrothermal method. The catalytic performance of optimal composite (Mn-Ce10) in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) is approximately three times higher than that of MnO 2 alone. The average valence of manganese in CeO 2 /MnO 2 is lowered compared to MnO 2 , which induces the generation of more free radicals, such as OH and SO 4 •−. In addition, the composite exhibits a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies than MnO 2 , facilitating bonding with PMS to produce more singlet oxygen (1O 2). Moreover, the incorporation of CeO 2 activates the lattice oxygen of MnO 2 , improving its oxidative ability. Consequently, approximately 48% of BPA decomposition in 10min is attributed to direct oxidation in the Mn-Ce10/PMS system, whereas only 36% occurs in 30min for the MnO 2 /PMS system. Simulation results confirm weakened Mn-O covalency and elongated Mn-O bonds due to the activation of lattice oxygen in CeO 2 /MnO 2 , demonstrating that PMS tends to be adsorbed on the composite rather than on MnO 2. This work establishes a relationship between lattice oxygen and the degradation pathway, offering a novel approach for the targeted regulation of catalytic oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] BPA aptamers functionalized cerium oxide nanoparticles encapsulated in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (CeO 2 @ZIF-8/Apt) were developed to fabricate an all-in-one portable platform for on-site quantitative detection of BPA. By combining biocomposites with a 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-based sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel and smartphone-based RGB analysis, highly sensitive and convenient monitoring of BPA was achieved. CeO 2 @ZIF-8 composites were constructed using a novel surfactant-modified concentration-controlled synthesis strategy. After being functionalized with BPA aptamers, CeO 2 @ZIF-8/Apt biocomposites were used as target-response colorimetric probes for target recognition and signal transduction. The oxidase-like activity of CeO 2 @ZIF-8 was effectively sealed by BPA aptamers and controllably released in a concentration-dependent manner through aptamer-BPA reactions. Utilizing SA hydrogels containing TMB in the caps, a one-step sample addition and one-pot detection can be conveniently achieved and reliably quantified by smartphone-based RGB analysis in an instrument-free way. The detection range of this portable detection platform is 50 pg/mL to 500 ng/mL with limit of detection calculated as 34.88 pg/mL, comparable to that of conventional detection in the solution system (4.57 pg/mL). The recoveries in tap water, apple juice, and milk ranged from 91.02 % and 106.75 %. This work contributes new insights into the design of all-in-one detection platforms for contaminants monitoring in resource-constrained regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanism of PMS activation by the MPCBs/PMS system. [Display omitted] Magnetic carbon-based catalysts are promising materials for advanced oxidation processes, offering both high catalytic activity and environmental friendliness, and hold great potential in environmental remediation. In this work, Fe and Co zeolite imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) derived micron-sized magnetic porous carbon beads (MPCBs) were prepared by phase inversion and following the carbonization procedure, and the morphological and structural characteristics of the MPCBs were confirmed. The presence of pores and channels in the MPCBs provides a specific microenvironment for the for the catalysis of the core. Bisphenol A (BPA) was selected for the targeted pollutant, and the catalytic experiments confirmed that the effective catalytic activity of MPCBs in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), which could almost completely degrade BPA in 20 min with a reaction rate of 0.368 min−1. Furthermore, the MPCBs were used to effectively bacterial inactivation. Intermediate products of the BPA degradation process were validated and the toxicological studies showed a gradual decrease in toxicity, indicating effective reduction of potential hazards. The macroscopic preparation methods we developed for MPCBs that is promising for industrial applications and has the potential to cope with complex environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Nolanites (FVO) with adjustable concentrations of oxygen vacancies (Vo) were successfully synthesized. • FVO–180 achieved an efficient degradation of bisphenol A dominated by a nonradical process via the electron transfer regime. • The roles of light and V O in electron transfer processes were unveiled in a photo-assisted persulfate activation system. • New insights into the mechanism of photo-assisted persulfate activation by FVO were proposed. The utilization of photo–assisted persulfate activation for the removal of organic contaminants in water has garnered significant research interest in recent times. However, there remains a lack of clarity regarding specific contributions of light irradiation and catalyst structure in this process. Herein, a photo–assisted peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation system is designed for the highly efficient degradation of organic contaminants on oxygen vacancy–enriched nolanites (Vo–FVO). Results suggest that the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) in this system is a nonradical–dominated process via an electron transfer regime, in which V O improves the local electron density and thus facilitates the electron shuttling between BPA and PMS. During BPA degradation, PMS adsorbed at the surface of FVO–180 withdraws electrons near V O and forms FVO–PMS* complexes. Upon light irradiation, photoelectrons effectively restore the electron density around V O , thereby enabling a sustainable electron transfer for the highly efficient degradation of BPA. Overall, this work provides new insights into the mechanism of persulfate activation based on defects engineering in nolanite minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Summarize the recent developments in microfluidic technology applied to BPA sensing. • Emphasize the advantages and limitations of optical and electrochemical sensing methods. • Offer insights into potential future directions and challenges in this research area. Continuous exposure to toxic pollutants highlights the need for sensitive detection technologies that can be rapidly applied in the current world for quick screening of real samples. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most common environmental contaminants, and it has the potential to harm both the environment and human health, notably causing reproductive disorders, cancer, heart disease, infertility, mental disorders, etc. Thus, significant attention has been paid to the detection of BPA and microplastics to promote food safety, environmental health, and human health on a sustainable earth. Among the current technologies, microfluidic based systems have garnered a lot of interest as future diagnostic tools for healthcare applications. Microfluidic devices can be deployed for quick screening and real-time monitoring, with inherent advantages like portability, miniaturisation, highly sensing tool and ease of integration with various detection systems. Optical and electrochemical sensors are two major analytical tools found in almost all microfluidic-based devices for ultrasensitive BPA and microplastics determination. In this review, we have evaluated and discussed microfluidic-based detection methods for BPA and microplastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ZnO/Zn 3 In 2 S 6 /Pt photocatalyst with integrated S-scheme/Schottky heterojunctions exhibited an enhanced H 2 evolution and an efficient bisphenol A removal. [Display omitted] Photocatalytic water splitting has been identified as a promising solution to tackle the current environmental and energy crisis in the world. However, the challenge of this green technology is the inefficient separation and utilization of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in photocatalysts. To overcome this challenge in one system, a ternary ZnO/Zn 3 In 2 S 6 /Pt material was prepared as a photocatalyst using a stepwise hydrothermal process and in-situ photoreduction deposition. The integrated S-scheme/Schottky heterojunction in the constructed ZnO/Zn 3 In 2 S 6 /Pt photocatalyst enabled it to exhibit efficient photoexcited charge separation/transfer. The evolved H 2 reached up to 3.5 mmol g-1h-1. Meanwhile, the ternary composite possessed a high cyclic stability against photo-corrosion under irradiation. Practically, the ZnO/Zn 3 In 2 S 6 /Pt photocatalyst also showed great potential for H 2 evolution while simultaneously degrading organic contaminants like bisphenol A. It is hoped in this work that the incorporation of Schottky junctions and S-scheme heterostructures in the construction of photocatalysts would lead to accelerated electron transfer and high photoinduced electron-hole pair separation, respectively, to synergistically enhance the performance of photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The development of solid-solution photocatalysts with tunable bandgaps and band structures, which are significant factors that influence their photocatalytic properties, is crucial. We fabricated a series of novel bismuth-rich Bi 7 O 9 I 3 –Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 solid-solution photocatalysts with controlled I:Br molar ratios (denoted as B-I x Br 1- x , x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.6) via a rapid, facile, and energy-efficient microwave-heating route. The photodegradations under visible-light irradiation of the phenolic compounds (4-nitrophenol (4NP), 3-nitrophenol (3NP), and bisphenol A (BPA)), and the simultaneous photodegradation of BPA and rhodamine B (RhB) in a coexisting BPA − RhB system were investigated. The B-I 0.3 Br 0.7 solid solution provided the highest photocatalytic activity toward 4NP degradation, with degradation rates 32 and 4 times higher than those of Bi 7 O 9 I 3 and Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 , respectively. The photodegradation efficiency of the studied phenolic compounds followed the order BPA (97.5%) > 4NP (72.8%) > 3NP (27.5%). The RhB-sensitization mechanism significantly enhanced the photodegradation efficiency of BPA. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated the efficient separation and migration of charge carriers in the B-I 0.3 Br 0.7 solid solution, which enhanced the photocatalytic activity. The B-I 0.3 Br 0.7 solid solution effectively activated molecular oxygen to produce •O 2 −, which subsequently produced other reactive species, including H 2 O 2 and •OH, as revealed by reactive-species trapping, nitroblue tetrazolium transformation, and o-tolidine oxidation experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] In this work, we found that the presence of non-active ZnO crystals greatly accelerated the degradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) by 3.7 folds in the peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO 5 −)/Co 3 O 4 system. Our mechanistic study revealed that the ZnO particles would create negative electric microfields around them, which are closely related with the zeta potentials (ζ) of ZnO and affected by solution pH. According to COMSOL simulation, the electrostatic repulsion between ZnO and PMS would drive HSO 5 − toward active Co 3 O 4 surface, leading to the concentration increasing of HSO 5 − around active Co 3 O 4 particles, which will then improve the degradation performance. The particle size of ZnO will also affect the promoting effect greatly by COMSOL simulation. Therefore, this study for the first time reveals synergy of electric microfields for enhanced heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions, providing a low-cost and effective strategy for enhanced persulfate catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of homotypic n -ZnO/n-SnO 2 -RGO nanocomposites by modest refluxing method. • Photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of Phenolic compounds and antibiotics from aqueous system. • Significance of RGO nanosheets and homotypic n -ZnO/n-SnO 2 in ZSG nanocomposites and conceivable photocatalytic degradation mechanism. • Photodegradation kinetics of p-Bromophenol, Bisphenol A and Ofloxacin using ZSG nanocomposites. • Reusability and sustainability ZSG-5 nanocomposite as photocatalyst. In the present study, the excellent photocatalytic activity of n -ZnO/n-SnO 2 heterojunction integrated with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets was explored towards the elimination of different organic pollutants viz. p -bromophenol, bisphenol A, and ofloxacin from water. n -ZnO/n-SnO 2 heterojunction was decorated with a different weight percentage of reduced graphene oxide via a facile refluxing method. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the as-prepared n -ZnO/n-SnO 2 heterojunction-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites were investigated systematically. XRD, Raman and FT-IR confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite and tetragonal rutile structures of ZnO and SnO 2 crystals in different nanocomposites. Cube and spherical-shaped surface structures were demonstrated by TEM and FE-SEM analysis for ZnO and SnO 2 , respectively. The maximum photocatalytic productivity of nanocomposite with 5 wt% reduced graphene oxide was observed at about 98.64 % and 98.50 % towards the elimination of p -bromophenol and bisphenol A, respectively after 180 min exposure of UV light. Similarly, this productivity was also observed at about 99.13 % towards the elimination of ofloxacin after 120 min irradiation of UV light. The outstanding photocatalytic activity of nanocomposite with 5 wt% reduced graphene oxide has been proven by the presence of homotypic n -ZnO/n-SnO 2 and reduced graphene oxide nanosheets owing to the synergistic effect amongst them resulting in remarkable separation of charge carriers, which is responsible for the larger rate of reactive oxygen species generation and enhanced photodegradation of p -bromophenol, bisphenol A and ofloxacin. In this study, the results illustrated that the photocatalytic degradation of p -bromophenol, bisphenol A and ofloxacin using n -ZnO/n-SnO 2 heterojunction-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites is predominantly based on the hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radical anion as main reactive oxygen species as compared to 1O 2. A reasonable photodegradation mechanism using prepared nanocomposites under investigation has also been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental pollutant, can cause multiple organ tissue damage by inducing oxidative stress. Cineole (CIN) is a terpene oxide existing in a variety of plant essential oils, which has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant effects. This study examined the effects of 200 nM BPA and 20 μM CIN on apoptosis, autophagy, and immunology in grass carp hepatocytes (L8824). The treatments were categorized as NC, CIN, BPA + CIN, and BPA. The findings demonstrated that BPA exposure could increase ROS levels and oxidative stress-related indicators, decrease the expression of the Nrf2/keap1 pathway and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, increase the expression of genes involved in the apoptotic pathway (Bax and Caspase3), and decrease the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 by lowering mitochondrial membrane potential. BPA also reduced the expression of genes linked to autophagy (ATG5, Beclin1, LC3). Changes in immunological function after BPA exposure were also shown by changes in the amounts of antimicrobial peptides (HEPC, β-defensin, LEAP2) and cytokines (INF-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, and TNF-α). After the co-treatment of CIN and BPA, CIN can inhibit BPA-induced apoptosis and recover from autophagy and immune function to a certain extent by binding to keap1 to exert an anti-oxidative regulatory effect of Nrf2 incorporation into the nucleus. Molecular docking provides strong evidence for the interaction of CIN ligands with keap1 receptors. Therefore, these results indicated that CIN could inhibit BPA-induced apoptosis, autophagy inhibition and immunosuppression in grass carp hepatocytes by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with Nrf2/keap1/ROS. This study provided further information to the risk assessment of the neuroendocrine disruptor BPA on aquatic organisms and offered suggestions and resources for further research into the function of natural extracts in the body's detoxification process. [Display omitted] • CIN improves BPA-induced apoptosis, autophagy and immunity inhibition in L8824. • CIN binds to keap1 and regulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through Nrf2/keap1/ROS. • CIN can alleviate BPA-induced hepatotoxicity in grass carp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] In this work, a novel material of Co Nanoparticles anchored on MnO nanorods wrapped in carbon layers (Co/MnO-X@C) is successfully synthesized and applied to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for Bisphenol A (BPA) degradation. More than 98% of BPA is removed by Co/MnO-0.32@C within 1 min. The reaction rate constant of Co/MnO-0.32@C (3.516 min−1) is much larger than Co@C (1.076 min−1) and MnO@C (0.006 min−1). The leached Co ions from Co/MnO-0.32@C (0.97 mg/L) is only 1/5 of Co@C (4.96 mg/L) after the catalytic reaction. The high activity and low leaching rate of Co indicate the synergistic effect between Co and MnO during PMS activation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal MnO modified with Co is favorable for the adsorption and activation of PMS and the release of reactive oxidation species (ROSs). The XPS results indicate the presence of Co(III)/Mn(II) redox cycle, while the generated Co(II) and Mn(III) is used for PMS activation, thus proving the synergistic effect further. The open circuit potential (OCP) test proves the direct electron-transfer (DET) exists on the surface of Co/MnO-X@C. Therefore, both radical and nonradical processes are present in the (Co/MnO-0.32@C)/PMS system. This work provides effective materials and synergistic theory between Co and MnO for environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenols and phthalates are two classes of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) thought to influence weight and adiposity. Limited research has investigated their influence on maternal weight changes, and no prior work has examined maternal fat mass. We examined the associations between exposure to these chemicals during pregnancy and multiple maternal weight and fat mass outcomes. This study included a sample of 318 women enrolled in a Canadian prospective pregnancy cohort. Second trimester urinary concentrations of 2 bisphenols and 12 phthalate metabolites were quantified. Self-reported and measured maternal weights and measured skinfold thicknesses were used to calculate gestational weight gain, 3-months and 3- to 5-years postpartum weight retention, late pregnancy fat mass gain, total postpartum fat mass loss, and late postpartum fat mass retention. Adjusted robust regressions examined associations between chemicals and outcomes in the entire study population and sub-groups stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Bayesian kernel machine regression examined chemical mixture effects. Among women with underweight or normal pre-pregnancy BMIs, MBzP was negatively associated with weight retention at 3- to 5-years postpartum (B = −0.04, 95%CI : −0.07, −0.01). Among women with overweight or obese pre-pregnancy BMIs, MEHP and MMP were positively associated with weight retention at 3-months and 3- to 5-years postpartum, respectively (B's = 0.12 to 0.63, 95%CIs: 0.02, 1.07). DEHP metabolites and MCNP were positively associated with late pregnancy fat mass gain and late postpartum fat mass retention (B's = 0.04 to 0.18, 95%CIs: 0.001, 0.32). Further, the mixture of EDCs was positively associated with late pregnancy fat mass gain. In this cohort, pre-pregnancy BMI was a key determinant of the associations between second trimester exposure to bisphenols and phthalates and maternal weight changes and fat accumulation. Investigations of underlying physiological mechanisms, windows of susceptibility, and impacts on maternal and infant health are needed. [Display omitted] • This study examined EDCs during pregnancy and maternal weight and fat mass outcomes. • Phthalate exposure associated with multiple weight and fat mass outcomes. • Directionality of associations differed based on maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. • Future work needed to examine potential mechanisms and windows of susceptibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA), a typical environmental endocrine disruptor, has raised concerns among researchers due to its toxicological effects. Whether neohesperidin (NEO) can intervene in the toxic effects of BPA remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of NEO on the myogenic differentiation of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) exposed to BPA. Sheep UC-MSCs were isolated, characterized, and induced to myogenic differentiation. BPA decreased cell viability, cell migration, and the expressions of myogenic marker genes, leading to myogenic differentiation inhibition, which were reversed by NEO. Network pharmacology suggested the IGF1R/AKT1/RHOA pathway as potential targets of BPA and NEO regulating muscle development. Western blot results showed that NEO could reverse the down-regulation of the pathway proteins induced by BPA, and counteract the effects of picropodophyllin (PPP) or MK-2206 dihydrochloride (MK-2206) in the myogenic differentiation of sheep UC-MSCs. Additionally, the expression levels of (p-) IGF1R, AKT1, and RHOA were positively correlated. Taken together, the mechanisms of NEO resistance to BPA involved the IGF1R/AKT1/RHOA signaling pathway. These findings provide a scientific basis for alleviating BPA toxicity, preventing and treating muscular dysplasia, and promoting muscle damage repair. [Display omitted] • BPA exposure inhibits viability, migration, and myogenic differentiation of UC-MSCs. • NEO treatment attenuates the inhibitory effect of BPA on the myogenic differentiation of UC-MSCs. • The IGF1R/AKT1/RHOA signaling pathway is involved in the alleviating effect of NEO on BPA inhibition to myogenic differentiation of UC-MSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing production and demand of plastic products in life, inescapable bisphenol A (BPA) exposure results in a threat to the health of organisms. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for living organisms. The insufficient Se intake can cause multi-tissue organ damage. In the process of production and life, the exposure of BPA is usually accompanied by Se deficiency. In this study, the models of chicken with BPA exposure and/or Se deficiency was duplicated, the status of nitrification stress, apoptosis, necroptosis, and changes in TNF-α/FADD signaling pathways in chicken spleen were examined. At the same time, nitrification stress inhibitor and TNF-α inhibitor were introduced into MSB-1 cell model tests in vitro , indicating that BPA exposure and Se deficiency up-regulated TNF-α/FADD signaling pathway through nitrification stress, inducing necroptosis and apoptosis, and heat shock protein was also involved in this process. This study provides a new control idea for healthy poultry breeding based on Se, and also provides a new reference for toxicity control of environmental pollutants. • BPA and low Se induced nitration stress and spleen apoptosis in chickens. • TNF-α/FADD pathway and HSPs are involved in the spleen injury due to BPA and low Se. • BPA exposure exacerbates spleen injury in Se-deficient chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluates the adsorption efficiency of low-cost carbonaceous adsorbents as fly ash (FA), saw dust biochar (SDB) (untreated and alkali - treated), live/dead pulverized white rot fungus Hypocrea lixii biomass encapsulated in sodium alginate (SA) against the commercially available activated carbon (AC) and graphene oxide (GO) SA beads for removal of benzene phenol derivatives - Bisphenol A (BPA)/triclosan (TCS). Amongst bi - and tri - composites SA beads, tri-composite beads comprising of untreated flyash - dead fungal biomass - sodium alginate (UFA - DB - SA) showed at par results with commercial composite beads. The tri - composite beads with point zero charge (P pzc) of 6.2 was characterized using FTIR, XRD, surface area BET and SEM-EDX. The batch adsorption using tri - composite beads revealed removal of 93% BPA with adsorption capacity of 16.6 mg/g (pH 6) and 83.72% TCS with adsorption capacity of 14.23 mg/g (pH 5), respectively at 50 ppm initial concentration with 6 % adsorbent dose in 5 h. Freundlich isotherm favoring multilayered adsorption provided a better fit with r2 of 0.9674 for BPA and 0.9605 for TCS respectively. Intraparticle diffusion model showed adsorption of BPA/TCS molecules to follow pseudo - second order kinetics with boundary layer diffusion governed by first step of fast adsorption and intraparticle diffusion within pores by second slow adsorption step. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH ° , ΔS ° , ΔG ° ) revealed adsorption process as exothermic, orderly and spontaneous. Methanol showed better desorbing efficiency leading to five cycles reusability. The phytotoxicity assay revealed increased germination rate of mung bean (Vigna radiata) seeds, sprinkled with post adsorbed treated water (0 h, 5 h and 7 h) initially spiked with 50 ppm BPA/TCS. Overall, UFA - DB - SA tri - composite beads provides a cost effective and eco - friendly matrix for effective removal of hydrophobic recalcitrant compounds. [Display omitted] • Composite adsorbent encapsulating flyash & dead fungal biomass in sodium alginate. • Better fit with Freundlich isotherm - r2 values of 0.9674 (BPA) and 0.9605 (TCS). • Adsorption pseudo – second order showing exothermic, orderly & spontaneous nature. • Methanol promoted five cycles reusability - 73.26% (BPA) and 76.12% (TCS). • V. radiata germination rate of 80% and 86% post adsorption of BPA & TCS respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies show that bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogs induce oxidative stress and promote inflammatory response. However, the key molecules in regulating this process remain unclear. Here, we report significant inductive effects of BPA and bisphenol AF (BPAF) on a newly found long non-coding RNA linc-93.2 accompanied by oxidative stress and activation of pro-inflammatory pathways in treated fish and fish primary macrophages. Silencing linc-93.2 in fish primary macrophages in vitro or fish in vivo significantly promotes the expression of anti-oxidative stress-related genes and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, showing cell status disruption towards to M2 polarization. Followed by exposure to BPA or BPAF, silencing linc-93.2 in vitro or in vivo significantly attenuates the increased production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde level aroused by bisphenol treatment, possibly owing to the enhancement of total antioxidant capacity observed in cells and tissue after linc-93.2 knockdown. RNA-sequencing further revealed regulation of nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-κB) in linc-93.2 's downstream network, combining with our previous observation on the upstream regulation of linc-93.2 via NF-κB, which together suggest a critical role of linc-93.2 in promoting NF-κB positive feedback loop that may be an important molecular event initiating the immunotoxicity of bisphenols. [Display omitted] • Bisphenol significantly induced a novel lncRNA (linc-93.2), which activated oxidative stress and proinflammatory pathways. • Silencing linc-93.2 transformed the cell state to M2 polarization. • Silencing linc-93.2 promoted the expression of anti-oxidative stress-related genes and anti-inflammatory cytokines. • Silencing linc-93.2 in vitro or in vivo attenuated bisphenol-induced oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cumulative human exposure to the environmental toxin, bisphenol A (BPA), has raised important health concerns in recent decades. However, the direct genomic regulation of BPA in skeletal muscles and its clinical significance are poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a genome-wide transcriptome analysis after daily oral administration of BPA at the lowest observed adverse-effect level (LOAEL, 50 mg/kg) in male mice for six weeks to explore the gene-expression regulations in skeletal muscle induced by BPA. The primary Gene Ontology terms linked to BPA-dependent, differentially expressed genes at LOAEL comprised adaptive-immune response, positive regulation of T cell activation, and immune system process. The gene-set enrichment analysis disclosed increased complement-associated genes [complement components 3 (C3) and 4B, complement factor D, complement receptor 2, and immunoglobulin lambda constant 2] in the group administered with BPA, with a false-discovery rate of <0.05. Subsequent validation analysis conducted in BPA-fed animal skeletal muscle tissue and in vitro experiments confirmed that BPA induced immune activation, as evidenced by increased levels of C3 and C4α proteins in mice, C2C12 myoblasts, and mouse skeletal muscle cells. In addition, BPA markedly upregulated the transcription of tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα) in C2C12 myoblasts and mouse skeletal muscle cells, which was substantially inhibited by 5z-7-oxozeanol and parthenolide, providing further evidence of BPA-induced inflammation in muscle cells. Our bioinformatics and subsequent animal and in vitro validations demonstrate that BPA can activate inflammation in skeletal muscle, which could be a risk factor underlying chronic muscle weakness and wastage. • Transcriptomic analysis revealed the genomic regulation of BPA in skeletal muscles. • BPA through dietary sources has been found to trigger an immune response within skeletal muscles. • BPA has the potential to induce inflammatory mediators, such as TNFα and C3. • Exposure to BPA can disrupt the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells, potentially leading to muscle atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The n - n type BiOIO 3 /BBN heterojunction is prepared by one-step hydrothermal method. • The photocatalytic activity of the composite is better than that of TiO 2 under UV light. • Singlet oxygen plays a decisive role in the degradation reaction. • BiOIO 3 /BBN has a high stability and long-time reusability. • Two possible degradation pathways are proposed. The heterojunction photocatalyst, BiOIO 3 /[Bi 6 O 6 (OH) 3 ](NO 3) 3 ·1.5H 2 O (BiOIO 3 /BBN), was successfully synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The results showed that under UV light irradiation, the formation of a heterojunction could greatly enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of the prepared catalyst for bisphenol A (BPA). The BiOIO 3 /BBN heterostructure had the best reaction rate constant, which was 81.82 times, 1.52 times, and 43.40 times improvement of TiO 2 , BiOIO 3 , and BBN respectively. Through the free radical capture experiments and electron spin resonance spectroscopy, it was conducted that 1O 2 , h+, e-, •OH and •O 2 – were reactive species in the process of photocatalytic degradation of BPA. The photocatalytic mechanism was further investigated and confirmed that the BiOIO 3 /BBN heterojunction could improve the separation and transfer of photo-generated carriers, thereby greatly enhancing the catalytic efficiency. The degradation products of BPA were detected by HPLC-MS, and the degradation reaction pathway was deduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenols are emerging endocrine disrupting pollutant, and several studies have reported that they are already ubiquitous in various environmental matrices and intend to deposit in sediment. The primary sources of bisphenols are river and sewage discharge. Sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus), a typical deposit feeder, is one of the most important commercial marine species in Aisa. However, the effects of the bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues bisphenol AF (BPAF) on sea cucumber was unclear. In this study, we carried out field survey in major sea cucumber farming areas in northern China, with the aim of determining which bisphenol analogue is the major bisphenol contamination in this aquaculture area. The results showed that the presence of BPAF was detected in four sampling sites (Dalian, Tangshan, Laizhou, and Longpan). The mean level of BPAF in Laizhou sediment samples was the highest which reached to 9.007 ± 4.702 μ g/kg. Among the seawater samples, the BPAF only have been detected in the samples collected at Longpan. (0.011 ± 0.003 μ g/L). Furthermore, we conducted an experiment to evaluate the single and combined toxicity of BPA and BPAF on sea cucumbers. The concentrations were informed by the findings based on the results of field research. (0.1, 1.0, and 10 μ g/L). After exposure, the body weight gain, and specific growth rate showed no significant changes (P > 0.05). We observed the histological alterations in respiratory tree of treated sea cucumbers including the fusion and detachment of lining epithelial tissue, and increase of lumen space. However, the catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) activity was not significantly changed (P > 0.05). We evaluated the effects of BPA and BPAF through calculating the integrated biomarker response index (IBR), and the results indicated that the toxicity of combined treatment was higher than single treatment. Additionally, BPAF exposure to A. japonicus was more toxic than BPA. [Display omitted] • The presence of bisphenols along the Shandong peninsula was investigated. • The impact of long-term exposure to BPA and BPAF at environmental level on Apostichopus japonicus was explored. • Single and combined treatment of BPA and BPAF caused histological alterations of respiratory tree in A. japonicus. • The immune enzyme activity was not significantly changed after the exposure to the bisphenols. • Adverse effects caused by BPA and BPAF was evaluated through calculating the integrated biomarkers response index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) degradation efficiency by bacteria or by metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) catalyzed persulfate (PMS) oxidation have been studied intensively. However, their synergistic effect on BPA degradation was less reported. In this study, we combined previously synthesized CNT-hemin/Mn-MOF with an BPA degrading bacteria SQ-2 to form a composite (SQ-2@MOFs). CNT-hemin/Mn-MOF in the composite catalyzed little PMS to promote the degradation efficiency of SQ-2 on BPA. Results indicated SQ-2@MOFs significantly accelerated BPA degradation rate than SQ-2 alone. Furthermore, SQ-2@MOFs composite was successfully immobilized in hydrogel to achieve better degradation performance. Immobilized SQ-2@MOFs could almost completely degrade 1–20 mg/L BPA within 24 h and completely degrade 5 mg/L BPA at pH 4–8. Besides, degradation byproducts also reduced by immobilized SQ-2@MOFs, which promoted the cleaner biodegradation of BPA. Metabolomics and multiple chemical characterization results revealed the interconnection mechanism between CNT-hemin/Mn-MOFs, SQ-2 and hydrogel. CNT-hemin/Mn-MOF helped SQ-2 degrade BPA into more biodegradable products, promoted electron transfer, and augmented BPA degradation ability of SQ-2 itself. SQ-2 enabled the surface electronegativity of SQ-2@MOFs more suitable for BPA contact. Meanwhile, SQ-2 avoided the loss of Fe and Mn of CNT-hemin/Mn-MOF. Hydrogel augmented the above synergistic effect. This study provided new perspective for the development of biodegradation materials through interdisciplinary integration. [Display omitted] • Hydrogel immobilized SQ-2@MOFs composite with MOFs cooperated with bacteria SQ-2 was successfully prepared. • Immobilized SQ-2@MOFs could degrade 1–20 mg/L BPA within 24 h. • MOFs augmented electron transfer and bacterial BPA degradation ability. • Bacteria improved MOFs utilization and facilitated BPA attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS), a novel two-dimensional nanomaterial, find extensive applications in the field of photocatalysis. With the prohibition of bisphenol A (BPA), the utilization of bisphenol S (BPS), which is more resistant to degradation than BPA, has been steadily increasing. In this study, few-layer BPNS was prepared using an improved liquid-phase exfoliation method, showcasing its commendable specific surface area and notable adsorption capacity. Subsequently, a new type of nanocomposite material, BPNS-Cadmium sulfide (CdS), was hydrothermal synthesized involving BPNS and CdS. We conducted comparative assessments of BPNS, CdS, and their composite materials to identify the most efficient catalysts. Ultimately, we found that the composite material BPNS-CdS exhibited the highest capability for degrading BPS in an alkaline environment, achieving an impressive degradation rate of 86.9%. Notably, the degradation rate remained higher in an acidic environment compared to a neutral one. Through Electron Spin Resoance (ESR) experiments, it is revealed that BPNS-CdS, when exposed to visible light, generates •O 2 −, •OH, and h+ as confirmed. Additionally, we tested and validated the carrier separation and migration abilities of BPNS-CdS while also calculating the band gap for each material. Building upon these results, a possible photocatalysis mechanism experiment was proposed. Finally, the degradation products were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and put forth a plausible pathway for the BPS degradation, and it was found that 4-Phenolsulfonic acid, Ethyl protocatechuate and Isophthalic acid are the main intermediates of BPS. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the synergy between non-metallic catalysts like BPNS and metal catalysts like CdS. It also offers new insights into the degradation mechanisms and pathways for BPS. [Display omitted] • A new type of catalyst about black phosphorus and cadmium sulfide was prepared. • The highest degradation rate of Bisphenol S was 86.9% under visible light. • Superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical played an important role in photocatalysis. • The ring fracture of aromatic compounds is also a key step in the degradation of BPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Ag/Bi 2 O 3 /Bi 5 O 7 I with s-scheme heterostructures were successfully synthesized in situ by nano-silver modification of CUA-17 and halogenated hydrolysis.The growth rate of Bi 2 O 3 crystals was effectively controlled by adjusting the doping amount of Ag, resulting in the formation of a facet-coupling heterojunctions. Through the investigation of the microstructure and compositional of catalysts, it has been confirmed that an intimate facet coupling between the Bi 2 O 3 (120) facet and the Bi 5 O 7 I (312) facet, which provides robust support for charge transfer. Under visible light irradiation, the AgBOI.3 heterojunction photocatalyst exhibited an outstanding degradation rate of 98.2% for Bisphenol A (BPA) with excellent stability. Further characterization using optical, electrochemical, impedance spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance techniques revealed significantly enhanced efficiency in photogenerated charge separation and transfer, and confirming the s-scheme structure of the photocatalyst. Density functional theory calculations was employed to elucidate the mechanism of BPA degradation and the degradation pathway of BPA was investigated by LC-MS. Finally, the toxicity of the degradation intermediates was evaluated using T.E.S.T software. An S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst Ag/Bi 2 O 3 /Bi 5 O 7 I was successfully synthesized and applied to the photocatalytic degradation of BPA. [Display omitted] • Ag/Bi 2 O 3 /Bi 5 O 7 I with s-scheme heterostructures were successfully synthesized. • Characterization, photocatalytic efficiency, practical application and repeatability of Ag/Bi 2 O 3 /Bi 5 O 7 I were investigated. • The heterojunction mechanism was confirmed by radical trapping experiments and EPRtests. • DFT calculations was employed to elucidate the mechanism of BPA degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has unveiled the neurotoxicity of Bisphenol A (BPA) linked to neuropathological traits of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through varied mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective properties of cyanidin, an anthocyanin, in an in vivo model of BPA-induced Alzheimer's-like neuropathology. Three-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: vehicle control, negative control (BPA exposure), low-dose cyanidin treatment (BPA + cyanidin 5 mg/kg), and high-dose cyanidin treatment (BPA + cyanidin 10 mg/kg). Spatial memory was assessed through behavioral tests, including the Y-maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze. After behavioral tests, animals were euthanized, and brain regions were examined for acetylcholinesterase inhibition, p-tau, Wnt3, GSK3β, and β-catenin levels, antioxidant activities, and histopathological changes. BPA-exposed groups displayed memory impairments, while cyanidin-treated groups showed significant memory improvement (p < 0.0001). Cyanidin down regulated p-tau and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and restored Wnt3 and β-catenin levels (p < 0.0001). Moreover, cyanidin exhibited antioxidant properties, elevating catalase and superoxide dismutase levels. The intervention significantly reduced the concentrations of acetylcholinesterase in the cortex and hippocampus in comparison to the groups treated with BPA (p < 0.0001). Significant gender-based disparities were not observed. Cyanidin demonstrated potent neuroprotection against BPA-induced Alzheimer's-like neuropathology by enhancing antioxidant defenses, modulating tau phosphorylation by restoring the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and ameliorating spatial memory deficits. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of cyanidin in countering neurotoxicity linked to BPA exposure. [Display omitted] • Cyanidin abridged Bisphenol A-induced tau-phosphorylation. • Cyanidin restores canonical Wnt signaling in Alzheimer's-like neuropathology. • Cyanidin ameliorated BPA-induced impairment in spatial memory and cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental studies have suggested exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and its alternatives, such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), may exert adverse effects on ovarian reserve, but human evidence is limited. Moreover, the potential predictors of exposure to bisphenols among women seeking infertility treatment have not been reported. To explore whether individual or mixture of BPA, BPF, and BPS were related to antral follicle count (AFC), and further identify the predictors of exposure to bisphenols among women seeking assisted reproductive treatment. A total of 111 women from a reproductive center in Shenyang, China were enrolled in this study from September 2020 to February 2021. The concentrations of urinary BPA, BPF, and BPS were measured using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadruple mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). AFC was measured by two infertility physicians through transvaginal ultrasonography on the 2–5 days of a natural cycle. Demographic characteristics, dietary habits, and lifestyles were obtained by questionnaires. The associations between individual and mixture of urinary bisphenols concentrations (BPA, BPF, and BPS) and AFC were assessed by the Poisson regression models and the quantile-based g-computation (QGC) model, respectively. The potential predictors of exposure to bisphenols were identified by the multivariate linear regression models. After adjusting for confounders, elevated urinary concentrations of BPA, BPF and BPS were associated with reduced AFC (β = −0.016; 95%CI: −0.025, −0.006 in BPA; β = −0.017; 95%CI: −0.029, −0.004 in BPF; β = −0.128; 95%CI: −0.197, −0.060 in BPS). A quantile increase in the bisphenols mixture was negatively associated with AFC (β = −0.101; 95%CI: −0.173, −0.030). Intake of fried food had higher urinary concentrations of BPF, BPS, and total bisphenols (∑BPs) than women who did not eat, and age was related to increased urinary BPF concentrations. Our findings indicated that exposure to individual BPA, BPF, BPS and bisphenol mixtures were associated with impaired ovarian reserve. Furthermore, the intake of fried food, as identified in this study, could serve as an important bisphenols exposure route for reproductive-aged women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous organic polymers (POPs) present superior adsorption performance to steroid endocrine disruptors. However, the effective recovery and high cost have been a big limitation for their large-scale applications. Herein, magnetic azo-linked porous polymers (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 /ALP-p) were designed and prepared in a green synthesis approach using low-price materials from phloroglucinol and pararosaniline via a diazo-coupling reaction under standard temperature and pressure conditions, which embedded with Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 nanoparticles to form three-dimensional interlayer network structure with flexible-rigid interweaving. The saturated adsorption capacity to bisphenol-A (BPA) was 485.09 mg/g at 298 K, which increased by 1.4 times compared with ALP-p of relatively smaller mass density. This enhanced adsorption was ascribed to increment from surface adsorption and pore filling with 2.3 times of specific surface area and 2.6 times of pore volume, although the total organic functional groups decreased with Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 amendment. Also, the adsorption rate increased by about 1.1 and 1.5-fold due to enhancement in the initial stage of surface adsorption and subsequent stage pore diffusion, respectively. Moreover, this adsorbent could be used in broad pH (3.0–7.0) and salinity adaptability (<0.5 mol/L). The loss of adsorption capacity and magnetic recovery were lower than 1.1% and 0.8% in each operation cycle because of the flexible-rigid interweave. This excellent performance was contributed by synergistic effects from physisorption and chemisorption, such as pore filling, electrostatic attraction, π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interaction. This study offered a cost-effective, high-performing, and ecologically friendly material along with a green preparation method. [Display omitted] • Azo-functionalized magnetic porous organic polymer (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 /ALP-p) was generated. • The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of BPA reached 485.09 mg/g at 298 K. • Adsorption mechanism was clarified with combined experiments and DFT calculations. • Multiple adsorption function contributed to high adsorption capacity and fast adsorption rate. • Green synthesized adsorbent was highly recyclable, easily recoverable, and cost-effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic pollution has become a major environmental problem because it does not break down and poses risks to ecosystems and human health. This study focuses on the environmentally friendly synthesis of ZnO nanocubes using an extract from Ceropegia omissa H. Huber plant leaves. The primary goal is to investigate the viability of these nanocubes as visible-light photocatalysts for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). The synthesized ZnO nanocubes have a highly crystalline structure and a bandgap of 3.1 eV, making them suitable for effective visible-light photocatalysis. FTIR analysis, which demonstrates that the pertinent functional groups are present, demonstrates the chemical bonding and reducing processes that take place in the plant extract. The XPS method also studies zinc metals, oxygen valencies, and binding energies. Under visible light irradiation, ZnO nanocubes degrade BPA by 86% in 30 min. This plant-extract-based green synthesis method provides a long-term replacement for traditional procedures, and visible light photocatalysis has advantages over ultraviolet light. The study's results show that ZnO nanocubes may be good for the environment and can work well as visible light photocatalysts to break down organic pollutants. This adds to what is known about using nanoparticles to clean up the environment. As a result, this study highlights the potential of using environmentally friendly ZnO nanocubes as a long-lasting and efficient method of reducing organic pollutant contamination in aquatic environments. • Environmentally friendly synthesis of ZnO nanocubes using an extract from Ceropegia omissa H. Huber plant leaves. • ZnO nanocubes have a highly crystalline structure and a bandgap of 3.1 Ev. • Under visible light irradiation, ZnO nanocubes degrade BPA by 86% in 30 min to mitigate the Water Pollution. • An innovative addressing towards sustainable environment for mitigation of water pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the development of a highly sensitive amperometric biosensor for the analysis of phenolic compounds such as catechol. The biosensor architecture is based on the immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE) modified with nanodiamond particles (ND), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (IL) and poly- l -lysine (PLL). Surface morphologies of the electrodes during the modification process were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to investigate the electrochemical characteristics of the modified electrodes. Owing to the synergistic effect of the modification materials, the Tyr/PLL/ND−IL/SPE exhibited high sensitivity (328.2 μA mM−1) towards catechol with a wide linear range (5.0 × 10−8 – 1.2 × 10−5 M) and low detection limit (1.1 × 10−8 M). Furthermore, the method demonstrated good reproducibility and stability. The amperometric response of the biosensor towards other phenolic compounds such as bisphenol A, phenol, p -nitrophenol, m -cresol, p -cresol and o -cresol was also investigated. The analytical applicability of the biosensor was tested by the analysis of catechol in tap water. The results of the tap water analysis showed that the Tyr/PLL/ND−IL/SPE can be used as a practical and effective method for catechol determination. [Display omitted] • A novel amperometric catechol biosensor based on tyrosinase was developed. • Tyrosinase was immobilized on nanodiamond, ionic liquid, poly- l -lysine modified screen-printed carbon electrode. • The biosensor showed high sensitivity towards catechol. • The amperometric response of the presented biosensor towards other phenolic compounds was also investigated. • The biosensor was successfully applied for catechol determination in tap water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the Fenton-like reaction using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) has been acknowledged as a potential method for breaking down organic pollutants. In this study, we successfully synthesized a highly efficient and stable single atom molybdenum (Mo) catalyst dispersed on nitrogen-doped carbon (Mo-NC-0.1). This catalyst was then utilized for the first time to activate PMS and degrade bisphenol A (BPA). The Mo-NC-0.1/PMS system demonstrated the ability to completely degrade BPA within just 20 min. Scavenging tests and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have demonstrated that the primary reactive oxygen species was singlet oxygen (1O 2) produced by Mo–N 4 sites. The self-cycling of Mo facilitated PMS activation and the transition from a free radical activation pathway to a non-radical pathway mediated by 1O 2. Simultaneously, the nearby pyridinic N served as adsorption sites to immobilize BPA and PMS molecules. The exceptionally high catalytic activity of Mo-NC-0.1 derived from its unique Mo–N coordination, which markedly reduced the distance for 1O 2 to migrate to the BPA molecules. The Mo-NC-0.1/PMS system effectively reduced the acute toxicity of BPA and exhibited excellent cycling stability with minimal leaching. This study presented a new catalyst with high selectivity for 1O 2 generation and provided valuable insights for the application of single atom catalysts in PMS-based AOPs. [Display omitted] • Single-atom Mo–N–C catalyst was first fabricated and employed in PMS activation. • Optimum site Mo–N 4 improved the hit rate of BPA in reactive oxygen species. • The self-cycling of Mo could transform PMS activation into 1O 2 mediated non-radical pathway. • Mo–N–C-0.1/PMS system showed superiority in efficiency, stability and environmental safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) are found in all environments, within the human food chain, and have been recently detected in several human tissues. The objective herein was to undertake an analysis of MP contamination in human urine samples, from healthy individuals and participants with endometriosis, with respect to their presence, levels, and the characteristics of any particles identified. A total of 38 human urine samples and 15 procedural blanks were analysed. MPs were characterised using μFTIR spectroscopy (size limitation of 5 μm) and SEM-EDX. In total, 123 MP particles consisting of 22 MP polymer types were identified within 17/29 of the healthy donor (10 mL) urine samples, compared with 232 MP particles of differing 16 MP polymer types in 12/19 urine samples from participants with endometriosis. Healthy donors presented an unadjusted average of 2589 ± 2931 MP/L and participants with endometriosis presented 4724 ± 9710 MP/L. Polyethylene (PE)(27%), polystyrene (PS)(16%), resin and polypropylene (PP)(both 12%) polymer types were most abundant in healthy donor samples, compared with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (59%), and PE (16%) in samples from endometriosis participants. The MP levels within healthy and endometriosis participant samples were not significantly different. However, the predominant polymer types varied, and the MPs from the metal catheter-derived endometriosis participant samples and healthy donors were significantly smaller than those observed in the procedural blanks. The procedural blank samples comprised 62 MP particles of 10 MP polymer types, mainly PP (27%), PE (21%), and PS (15%) with a mean ± SD of 17 ± 18, highlighting the unavoidable contamination inherent in measurement of MPs from donors. This is the first evidence of MP contamination in human urine with polymer characterisation and accounting for procedural blanks. These results support the phenomenon of transport of MPs within humans, specifically to the bladder, and their characterisation of types, shapes and size ranges identified therein. [Display omitted] • MPs were found in 9/19 endometriosis participant and 12/19 healthy donor urine samples. • Polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene fragments were the most abundant. • Catheter sampling led to significantly smaller sized MP fragments detected. • MP sizes detected raises key issues regarding transport to bladder via the kidney. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical that interferes with normal steroid hormone production in various species. However, the underlying mechanism of the effect of BPA on steroid production in the human ovary is not well understood. In the present study, we found that BPA, at very low concentrations (10−11 to 10−8 M), significantly increased the expression of FOXL2, a transcriptional factor essential for proper ovarian development and function, in a human ovarian granulosa cell-derived cell line (KGN). Furthermore, BPA enhanced CYP19A1 (aromatase) expression levels and estradiol (E2) production, but these effects were not observed in FOXL2 knockout (KO) cells. In addition, we found that BPA upregulates β-catenin (CTNNB1) and stimulates nuclear translocation of CTNNB1, leading to transcriptional activation of FOXL2 mRNA. Furthermore, BPA failed to induce CYP19A1 and E2 production in CTNNB1-silenced KGN cells. Thus, we reveal a comprehensive molecular signaling cascade encompassing BPA-CTNNB1-FOXL2-CYP19A1-E2 that contributes to the endocrine-disrupting activities of BPA in human ovarian granulosa cells. • Low dose bisphenol A stimulates estradiol production in human granulosa cells. • Bisphenol A increases β-catenin level and nuclear translocation. • Bisphenol A increases β-catenin-dependent FOXL2 expression. • Bisphenol A stimulates FOXL2-dependent CYP19A1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Metal-free activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) for degrading organic pollutants in water has received increasing attention because it can prevent secondary pollution. However, most of the catalysts that are efficient are derived from non-renewable fossil resources, are very expensive and have complex preparation processes. Also, the emerging non-radical mechanism is still unclear. Herein, 3D sucrose-derived N -doped carbon xerogels (NCXs) were synthesized by a simple and sustainable hydrothermal process and then employed as novel metal-free PDS activators to degrade organic pollutants. The structure, composition and performance of NCXs were regulated by changing the carbonization temperature. The sample carbonized at 900 °C (NCX900) exhibited the best catalytic performance, completely removing bisphenol A in 60 min. Quenching experiments and linear sweep voltammograms demonstrated that PDS was activated mainly through an electron-transfer non-radical mechanism. It was found that graphitic N played a critical role in activating PDS. With this non-radical mechanism, the NCX900/PDS system could adapt well to the wide pH range (3–11) and high Cl− concentration; it selectively oxidized organic pollutants with low ionization potentials. This work provides a sustainable approach to the low-cost and efficient metal-free catalysts for wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is one of the most promising techniques for wastewater treatment. Herein, an ingenious system by coupling of photocatalysis and PMS activation was developed, using hollow-structured amorphous prussian blue (A-PB) decorated on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) as the catalyst. Degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) via the A-PB-g-C 3 N 4 mediated PMS activation under visible light (Vis) was systematically investigated. Astonishingly, it was found that ~ 82.0%, 92.6%, 98.2% and 99.3% of BPA (40 mg/L) were removed within 2, 4, 6 and 7 min, respectively, suggesting the extremely strong oxidizing capacity of the A-PB-g-C 3 N 4 /PMS/Vis system. Synergistic effect between the decorated A-PB and the g-C 3 N 4 substrate promoted the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox cycling and facilitated the charge transfer at the A-PB/g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction interface. As a result, both photocatalysis and heterogeneous activation of PMS were boosted in the A-PB-g-C 3 N 4 /PMS/Vis system, leading to the production of large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The various ROS (SO 4 •–, HO•, •O 2 – and 1O 2) was responsible for the ultrafast degradation of BPA. Moreover, the A-PB-g-C 3 N 4 catalyst also exhibited outstanding reusability and stability, retaining 98.9% of the removal percentage for BPA after five consecutive reaction cycles. This study suggests that the A-PB-g-C 3 N 4 can be an all-rounder to bridge photocatalysis and PMS activation, and shed a new light on the application of multiple ROS for the ultrafast elimination of micropollutants from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cu-O governs the boosted peroxymonosulfate activation. • The Cu-O covalent and polarization electric fields synergistically promote PMS activation. • The degradation rate constant of CuO-CN-catalyzed PMS for DCF increased by a factor of 14.8. • DFT and 2D-FTIR-COS was employed to elucidate the catalytic mechanism for PMS. • CuO-CN/PMS can degrade organic pollutants efficiently for up to 30 days in a filter reactor. Surface structure can govern heterogeneous catalysis, resulting in its critical role in nonradical reactions. Here, we explored whether Cu-O covalency plays a critical role in controlling the inherent properties of copper oxide/graphitic carbon nitride (CuO-CN). Experiments and theoretical calculations show that, in contrast to the traditional concept of low-valent metal control activity, surface modification enlarges Cu-O covalency, and high-valent copper species at the surface easily bind peroxymonosulfate (PMS, (HSO 5 -)) anions. Therefore, optimized CuO-CN corresponds to a 14.8-fold higher kinetic reaction rate (0.10392 min−1) for PMS activation and pollutant degradation over those of unoptimized CuO-CN. Based on two-dimensional Fourier transform infrared correlation spectroscopy (2D-FT-IR-COS), Cu-O was determined to be the main active site. Cu-O is more active than other groups and acts before other groups. Benefiting from this electron transfer mechanism, CuO-CN shows good environmental tolerance (pH, anions, humic acid and actual water bodies such as tap water and groundwater). The established empirical kinetic model shows a strong linear correlation with the experimental kinetic reaction rate (> 0.94). CuO-CN/PMS can degrade organic pollutants efficiently for up to 30 days in a filter reactor. This work provides an understanding of the key role of the surface electronic structure in the nonradical activation of PMS and may provide support for improving the design of PMS catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • In 2 O 3 /OGCN nanocomposite by adjustment of oxygen balanced mechanism is successfully fabricated. • Photocatalytic degradation of BPA was enhanced through In 2 O 3 /OGCN heterojunction. • Charge transfer between OGCN and In 2 O 3 promote the photoinduced charges separation. • A 3D/2D based heterojunction have a good reusability and recycling stability. Hybrid semi-conductor heterojunction appears to be a promising technology for pollutant removal and wastewater treatment. However, the interface modification of the heterojunction and the working mechanisms remain elusive, thus impeding the development of highly efficient photocatalysis. In this work, we highlighted the key role played by the 3D/2D In 2 O 3 /oxygen doped graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C 3 N 4) heterojunction, named In 2 O 3 /OGCN, on the photocatalytic performance. The characteristic results showed a balance of oxygen between In 2 O 3 and OGCN, which enabled a stable interaction in the heterojunction to specifically tune the oxidation power, and this strategy can be applied to rationally control the photocatalytic activity of organic pollutants. The optimized In 2 O 3 /OGCN heterojunction demonstrated a notable photocatalytic degradation capability for bisphenol A (BPA), which was better than that of pristine In 2 O 3 and OGCN, respectively. This photocatalyst had a great physical stability and can be recycled for further use. Meanwhile, the exceptional photodegradation capacity was attributed to spatially separated charge carriers, fast-charge transportation characteristics, and the special band gap structure of In 2 O 3 /OGCN heterojunction. In addition, the covalent bond between In-O significantly improved oxygen stability in the lattice, thereby increasing the reliability of the material. This research presents a new opportunity to fabricate metal oxides/OGCN heterojunction photocatalysts which have potential application in wastewater treatment by adjusting the oxygen between the two compounds in heterojunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Stable and recyclable catalysts are crucial to the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) based advanced oxidation process (AOPs) for wastewater treatment. Herein, nitrogen-rich carbon wrapped Fe 3 C (Fe 3 C@CN) on carbon felt (CF) substrate was synthesized by using Prussian blue (PB) loaded CF as the precursors. The obtained Fe 3 C@CN/CF catalyst was applied for degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) via the heterogeneous catalytic activation of PMS. Results showed that ~91.7%, 95.2%, 98.1% and 99.1% of BPA (20 mg/L) were eliminated in the Fe 3 C@CN/CF + PMS system within 4, 10, 20 and 30 min, respectively. The fast degradation kinetics is attributed to the production of abundant reactive species (OH, SO 4 − and 1O 2) in the Fe 3 C@CN/CF + PMS system, as demonstrated by the electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and quench experiments. The Fe 3 C@CN/CF catalyst was stable and can be easily recycled by using an external magnet. The results indicated that the nanoconfined Fe 3 C endowed Fe 3 C@CN/CF with high stability and magnetic property and enabled the efficient electron transfer for PMS activation. This study provides a cost-effective approach for the fabrication of stable and recyclable Fe 3 C@CN/CF catalyst, and shed a new light on the rational design of multifunctional catalyst for advanced water remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tightly-bonded BiOBr/MoS 2 heterojunction exhibited superior peroxymonosulfate activation capacity for refractory organic pollutants by virtue of SO 4 −, OH and O 2 – radicals. [Display omitted] • 2D/2D heterojunction with intimate interfacial coupling accelerate carrier transfer. • Photoinduced electrons and Mo sites with multivalence and multiphase efficiently activated PMS. • PMS promote h+-e− separation and OH, SO 4 − generation. • Excellent catalytic activity for phenol, BPA, CBZ, dyes and Cr(VI) removal. Utilization of heterogenous catalysts to trigger peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation is considered an efficient strategy for environmental decontamination. Herein, a tightly bonded flake-like 2D/2D BiOBr/MoS 2 heterojunction was successfully designed through co-precipitation process. By virtue of matched energy levels and intimate interfacial coupling, the Type-II BiOBr/MoS 2 heterojunction significantly expedited charge carrier transfer and thereby promoted the catalytic performance for organic dye oxidation and Cr(VI) reduction. The specially designed BiOBr/MoS 2 heterojunction is also conducive to split PMS and continuously generated highly active species (SO 4 −, OH and O 2 –) in a photo-Fenton system, achieving extraordinary catalytic capacity for various emerging organic pollutants (including phenol, bisphenol A and carbamazepine). The photoexcited electron with prolonged lifetime and exposed Mo sites with multivalence and multiphase nature can effectively activate PMS, which further promotes the oxidation efficiency of holes, as confirmed by scavenging experiments. The excellent stability and oxidative properties could justify scale up using BiOBr/MoS 2 to a small pilot test, implementing the potential value in practical applications. This study would provide novel insight and cognition of PMS activation via a superior heterojunction for complex polluted wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues are still one of the most important substances that pollute aquatic systems and pose a threat to aquatic organisms. Tannic acid (TAN) is a kind of glycosyl compound, which has the functions of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis. However, it is unknown if BPA can regulate PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway to induce pyroptosis of grass carp hepatocytes (L8824) and the antagonistic effect of tannic acid (TAN) through oxidative stress. Therefore, we established the grass carp hepatocytes (L8824) cell model treated with BPA. The oxidative stress indexes (SOD, CAT, GSH, H 2 O 2 and T-AOC) were detected by oxidative stress kit, mRNA and protein expression of associated genes were examined using qRT-PCR and western blotting. The results showed that BPA treatment increased the content of hydrogen peroxide and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH, and T-AOC) in L8824 cells. We also found that PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway was activated dramatically and the expression of pyroptosis-related genes (GSDMD, NLRP3, Caspase1, ASC and IL-1β) was increased significantly. In addition, TAN could significantly reduce the toxicity of BPA on L8824 cells. After the addition of PTEN specific inhibitor SF1670, the activation of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway decreased by BPA was inhibited and the expression of scorch related genes was decreased. On the whole, TAN inhibits BPA-induced pyroptosis of L8824 by modulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. The present study provides a novel perspective for toxicological mechanism of BPA, and new insights into the detoxification mechanism of TAN. [Display omitted] • 1.Bisphenol A enhanced the level of reactive oxygen species in grass carp hepatocytes. • 2.Bisphenol A induced pyroptosis in grass carp hepatocytes. • 3.Tannic acid inhibited BPA-induced pyroptosis by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of evaluating the cardiotoxicity potential of common chemicals as well as new drugs is increasing as a result of the development of animal alternative test methods using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM). Bisphenol A (BPA), which is used as a main material in plastics, is known as an endocrine-disrupting chemical, and recently reported to cause cardiotoxicity through inhibition of ion channels in CMs even with acute exposure. Accordingly, the need for the development of alternatives to BPA has been highlighted, and structural analogues including bisphenol AF, C, E, F, and S have been developed. However, cardiotoxicity data for analogues of bisphenol are not well known. In this study, in order to evaluate the cardiotoxicity potential of analogues, including BPA, a survival test of hiPSC-CMs and a dual-cardiotoxicity evaluation based on a multi-electrode array were performed. Acute exposure to all bisphenol analogues did not affect survival rate, but spike amplitude, beat period, and field potential duration were decreased in a dose-dependent manner in most of the bisphenols except bisphenol S. In addition, bisphenols, except for bisphenol S, reduced the contractile force of hiPSC-CMs and resulted in beating arrest at high doses. Taken together, it can be suggested that the developed bisphenol analogues could cause cardiotoxicity even with acute exposure, and it is considered that the application of the MEA-based dual-cardiotoxicity evaluation method can be an effective help in the development of safe alternatives. • Evaluation of bisphenols using hiPSC-CMs and MEA-based dual-cardiotoxicity assessment method. • Reduced electrophysiological signals and contractility by Bisphenol A, AF, C, E, and F exposure. • Among analogues, acute exposure to BPS does not cause cardiotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor of potential reproductive toxicities. Increasingly research elucidated that BPA exposure to the environment would change the epigenetic modifications of transcriptome, but the mechanism by which BPA affects m6A methylation in interfering with female reproductive health remains uncertain. Therefore, this study preliminarily proposed and tested the hypothesis that BPA exposure alters the m6A modification level in transcripts in female ovarian granulosa cells. After BPA was exposed to granulosa cells for 24 h, RNA methylation related regulatory genes (such as METTL3, METTL14, ALKBH5, FTO) and the global m6A levels showed significant differences. Next, we applied MERIP-seq analysis to obtain information on the genome-wide m6A modification changes and identified 1595 differentially methylated mRNA transcripts, and 50 differentially methylated lncRNA transcripts. Further joint analysis of gene common expression showed that 33 genes were hypermethylated and up-regulated, 71 were hypermethylated and down-regulated, 49 were hypomethylated and up-regulated, and 20 were hypomethylated and down-regulated. Enriched Gene Ontology (GO) and biological pathway analysis revealed that these unique genes were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, and apoptosis related pathways. Six of these genes (mRNAs IMPA1 , MCOLN1 , DCTN3 , BRCA2, and lncRNAs MALAT1 , XIST) were validated using RT-qPCR and IGV software. Through comprehensive analysis of epitranscriptome and protein-protein interaction (PPI) data, lncRNAs MALAT1 and XIST are expected to serve as new markers for BPA interfering with the female reproductive system. In brief, these data show a novel and necessary connection between the damage of BPA exposure on female ovarian granulosa cells and RNA methylation modification. [Display omitted] • BPA affects m6A methylation related genes. • BPA alters mRNA and lncRNA methylation transcriptomic profiles. • BPA intervenes with lipid metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis pathways in KGN cells. • M6A modification of lncRNA MALAT1 and XIST is the potential marker in response to BPA exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) and its substitute bisphenol S (BPS) are desirable materials widely used in manufacturing plastic products but can pose carcinogenic risks to humans. A new conductive iron-based metal-organic framework (Fe-HHTP)-modified pencil graphite electrode (PGE) for electrochemically sensing BPA and BPS was prepared and fully characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, and XPS. Results showed that the optimal conditions for preparing Fe-HHTP/PGE were a pH of 6.5, a Fe-HHTP concentration of 2 mg·mL−1, a deposition potential of 0 V, and a deposition time of 100 s. The Fe-HHTP/PGE prepared under such conditions harbored a significant electrocatalytic activity with a detection limit of 0.8 nM for BPA and 1.7 nM for BPS (S / N = 3). Correspondingly, the electrochemical response current was linearly correlated to BPA and BPS, ranging from 0.01 to 100 μM. Fe-HHTP/PGE also obtained satisfactory recoveries by 93.8–102.1% and 96.0–101.3% for detecting BPA and BPS in plastic food packaging samples. Our work has provided a novel electrochemical tool to simultaneously detect BPA and BPS in food packaging samples and environmental matrixes. [Display omitted] • A novel conductive iron-based metal-organic framework-modified pencil graphite electrode (Fe-HHTP/PGE) was prepared. • Fe-HHTP/PGE showed a good ability to simultaneously detect BPA and BPS ranging from 0.01 to 100 μM. • The detection limit of BPA and BPS in Fe-HHTP/PGE was as low as 0.8 nM and 1.7 nM, respectively. • Fe-HHTP/PGE exhibited good potential in sensing BPA and BPS in real samples by a recovery of 93.8–102.1% and 96.0–101.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on determining the concentrations of phenol derivatives in the gonads of seabirds and examining the potential factors (age, sex and region) affecting the degree of their bioaccumulation. The study involved assays of bisphenol A (BPA), 4- tert -octylphenol (4- t -OP) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in the gonads of long-tailed ducks taken as bycatch from the Southern Baltic region in 2015–2016. Among phenol derivatives, 4-NP was found to reach the highest concentrations in the gonads of long-tailed ducks, and its concentrations were in the range of <0.1–717.5 ng g−1 dw. The concentrations of BPA and 4- t -OP were similar and amounted to <0.4–181.6 ng g−1 dw and <0.1–192.4 ng g−1 dw respectively. The concentration levels of phenol derivatives in the birds' gonads were similar to the levels which had been observed to have negative endocrine effects in other authors studies. This shows that the studied xenoestrogens can interfere with the reproduction and development of birds. Moreover, adult long-tailed ducks had higher concentrations of phenol derivatives compared to immature ones, possibly resulting from long-term bioaccumulation, as well as from diverse pollution in their respective habitats. Particularly in the case of 4-NP, the median concentrations in gonads of adult birds were 2-fold higher than in immature ones. In turn, among adult long-tailed ducks, phenol derivatives were characterized by higher concentrations in males than in females, with almost 3 times and approx. 3.5 times higher median concentrations of BPA and 4- t -OP, respectively. Lower concentrations of phenol derivatives in female gonads may result from the additional elimination of pollutants from their bodies through the transfer of pollutants from mother to egg. The results show the need for further research on phenol derivatives in the gonads of birds, focusing on their impact on the reproductive system and early development. [Display omitted] • Phenol derivatives can accumulate in the reproductive gland of long-tailed ducks. • Bird gonads demonstrated the highest concentrations of 4-NP. • The level of accumulation in the gonads may vary by sex and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human health and the environment are negatively affected by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol A. Therefore, developing appropriate remediation methods is essential for efficiently removing phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions. Enzymatic biodegradation is a potential biotechnological approach for responsibly addressing water pollution. With its high catalytic efficiency and few by-products, laccase is an eco-friendly biocatalyst with significant promise for biodegradation. Herein, two novel supporting materials (NH 2 -PMMA and NH 2 -PMMA-Gr) were fabricated via the functionalization of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) polymer using ethylenediamine and reinforced with graphene followed by glutaraldehyde activation. NH 2 -PMMA and NH 2 -PMMA-Gr were utilized for laccase immobilization with an immobilization yield (IY%) of 78.3% and 82.5% and an activity yield (AY%) of 81.2% and 85.9%, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) were used to study the characteristics of fabricated material supports. NH 2 -PMMA-Gr@laccase exhibited an optimal pH profile from 4.5 to 5.0, while NH 2 -PMMA@laccase exhibited optimum pH at 5.0 compared to a value of 4.0 for free form. A wider temperature ranges of 40–50 °C was noted for both immobilized laccases compared to a value of 40 °C for the free form. Additionally, it was reported that immobilized laccase outperformed free laccase in terms of substrate affinity and storage stability. NH 2 -PMMA@laccase and NH 2 -PMMA-Gr@laccase improved stability by up to 3.9 and 4.6-fold when stored for 30 days at 4 °C and preserved up to 80.5% and 86.7% of relative activity after ten cycles of reuse. Finally, the degradation of BPA was achieved using NH 2 -PMMA@laccase and NH 2 -PMMA-Gr@laccase. After five cycles, NH 2 -PMMA@laccase and NH 2 -PMMA-Gr@laccase showed that the residual degradation of BPA was 77% and 84.5% using 50 μm of BPA. This study introduces a novel, high-performance material for organic pollution remediation in wastewater that would inspire further progress. [Display omitted] • Modified PMMA polymer was fabricated and utilized for laccase immobilization. • Manufactured materials significantly improved the reusability and storage stability of laccase. • Laccase is immobilized in high yield, retained constantly, and stabilized. • Immobilized laccases significantly degraded bisphenol A by 84.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the environmental endocrine disruptors, due to its chemical stability it exists in abundant concentrations in water and soil consequently accumulating in the food chain and causing many endocrine-related health problems. So far, studies on the effects of BPA on marine invertebrates have focused on acute toxicity, endocrine regulation, reproduction, and development. However, fewer studies have been conducted on marine benthos. The current study aimed to detect the accumulation of BPA and its impact on tissue structure, antioxidant capacity, and immune indexes in marine worm, Urechis unicinctus. U. unicinctus , as a common marine benthic animal, were exposed to different concentrations of BPA. Blood cells and intestinal tract were taken for tissue structure inspection, and supernatant of the coelomic fluid was collected for oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers. Results showed that the accumulation of BPA in muscles of U. unicinctus tended to increase with exposure time. BPA induced a rise in H 2 O 2 and MDA content, and altered the activities of CAT, T-SOD, GST, LSZ and ACP, weaken the immune system functions. Moreover, pathological observation showed that BPA caused severe histopathology in the respiratory intestine, stomach, and midgut. These results will be helpful to understand the response mechanism of U. unicinctus under BPA exposure and provide a reference for controlling the aquaculture conditions and marine water quality of U. unicinctus. • BPA induced different damage to the stomach, midgut, and respiratory intestine of Urechis unicinctus. • BPA caused some negative effects on Urechis unicinctus immune indexes and oxidative stress indexes. • BPA affected the expression of MT and HSC70 genes. • BPA accumulated significantly in muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Endocrine Disrupting Chemical (EDC) is any compound that disrupts the function of the endocrine system in humans and is ubiquitous in the environment either as a result of natural events or through anthropogenic activities. Bisphenol A, phthalates, parabens, pesticides, triclosan, polychlorinated biphenyls, and heavy metals, which are frequently found in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and packaging sectors, are some of the major sources of EDC pollutants. EDCs have been identified to have a deteriorating effect on the female reproductive system, as evidenced by the increasing number of reproductive disorders such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure, menstrual irregularity, menarche, and infertility. Studying EDCs in relation to women's health is essential for understanding the complex interactions between environmental factors and health outcomes. It enables the development of strategies to mitigate risks, protect reproductive and overall health, and inform public policy decisions to safeguard women's well-being. Healthcare professionals must know the possible dangers of EDC exposure and ask about environmental exposures while evaluating patients. This may result in more precise diagnosis and personalized treatment regimens. This review summarises the existing understanding of prevalent EDCs that impact women's health and involvement in female reproductive dysfunction and underscores the need for more research. Further insights on potential mechanisms of action of EDCs on female has been emphasized in the article. We also discuss the role of nutritional intervention in reducing the effect of EDCs on women's reproductive health. EDC pollution can be further reduced by adhering to strict regulations prohibiting the release of estrogenic substances into the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remediation of water contaminated with bisphenol A (BPA) has gained significant attention. In this study, a hydrothermal composite activator of Cu 3 Mn-LDH containing coexisting phases of cupric nitrate (Cu(NO 3) 2) and manganous nitrate (Mn(NO 3) 2) was synthesized. Advanced oxidation processes were employed as an effective approach for BPA degradation, utilizing Cu 3 Mn-LDH as the catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The synthesis of the Cu 3 Mn-LDH material was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the characterization data and screening experiments, Cu 3 Mn-LDH was selected as the best experimental material. Cu 3 Mn-LDH exhibits remarkable catalytic ability with PMS, demonstrating good degradation efficiency of BPA under neutral and alkaline conditions. With a PMS dosage of 0.25 g·L−1 and Cu 3 Mn-LDH dosage of 0.10 g·L−1, 10 mg·L−1 BPA (approximately 17.5 μM) can be completely degraded within 40 min, of which the TOC removal reached 95%. The reactive oxygen species present in the reaction system were analyzed by quenching experiments and EPR. Results showed that sulfate free radicals (SO 4 •—), hydroxyl free radicals (•OH), superoxide free radicals (•O 2 —), and nonfree radical mono-oxygen were generated, while mono-oxygen played a key role in degrading BPA. Cu 3 Mn-LDH exhibits excellent reproducibility, as it can still completely degrade BPA even after four consecutive cycles. The degradation intermediates of BPA were detected by GC MS, and the possible degradation pathways were reasonably predicted. This experiment proposes a nonradical degradation mechanism for BPA and analyzes the degradation pathways. It provides a new perspective for the treatment of organic pollutants in water. [Display omitted] • With the introduction of H 2 O 2 , new two-dimensional multivalent LDHs were synthesized. • CuMn-LDH+PMS is extremely efficient and has a high degradation and mineralization capacity of BPA. • The CuMn-LDH+PMS system has a distinct bipath degradation pathway of 1O 2 and •O 2 — non-free radicals and free radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental endocrine disruptor (EDC), has been implicated in impairing intestinal and male reproductive dysfunction. The efficacy of gut microbiota modulation for BPA-exposed testicular dysfunction has yet to be verified through research. Therefore, this study explored the potential of mixed probiotics in restoring spermatogenesis damage through the gut-testis axis under BPA exposure. We selected two probiotics strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus plantarum) with BPA removal properties in vitro and the BPA-exposed male mice model was established. The probiotics mixture effectively reduced BPA residue in the gut, serum, and testis in mice. Through 16 S rDNA-seq and metabolomics sequencing, we uncovered that vitamin D metabolism and bile acid levels in the gut was abolished under BPA exposure. This perturbation was linked to an increased abundance of Faecalibaculum and decreased abundance of Lachnospiraceae _NK4A136_group and Ligilactobacillus. The probiotics mixture restored this balance, enhancing intestinal barrier function and reducing oxidative stress. This improvement was accompanied by a restored balance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Remarkably, the probiotics ameliorated testicular dysfunction by repairing structures of seminiferous tubules and reversing arrested spermiogenesis. Further, the probiotics mixture enhanced testosterone-driven increases in spermatogonial stem cells and all stages of sperm cells. Testicular transcriptome profiling linked these improvements to fatty acid degradation and peroxisome pathways. These findings suggest a significant interplay between spermatogenesis and gut microbiota, demonstrating that probiotic intake could be a viable strategy for combating male subfertility issues caused by BPA exposure. [Display omitted] • BPA led to abolished vitamin D metabolism and disrupted bile acid levels in gut and arrested spermiogenesis in testis. • Probiotics mixture altered BPA-induced structural disorders of seminiferous tubules and disrupted spermatogenesis. • Probiotics mixture enhanced testosterone-driven increases in spermatogonial stem cells and all levels of sperm cells. • Probiotics mixture improved BPA-damaged testicular transcriptome profiling may be related to fatty acid degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with end stage kidney disease treated by dialysis (ESKDD) process dialysis sessions to remove molecules usually excreted by kidneys. However, dialysis therapy could also contribute to endocrine disruptors (ED) burden. Indeed, materials like dialyzer filters, ultrapure dialysate and replacement fluid could exposed ESKDD patients to Bisphenol A (BPA) and chlorinated derivatives of BPA (ClxBPAs). Thus, our aim was to compare BPA and ClxBPAs exposure between ESKDD patients, patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD5) not dialyzed and healthy volunteers. Then we describe the impact of a single dialysis session, according to dialysis modalities (hemodialysis therapy (HD) versus online hemodiafiltration therapy (HDF)) and materials used with pre-post BPA and ClxBPAs concentrations. The plasma levels of BPA and four ClxBPAs, were assessed for 64 ESKDD patients in pre and post dialysis samples (32 treated by HD and 32 treated by HDF) in 36 CKD5 patients and in 24 healthy volunteers. BPA plasma concentrations were 22.5 times higher for ESKDD patients in pre-dialysis samples versus healthy volunteers (2.208 ± 5.525 ng/mL versus 0.098 ± 0.169 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). BPA plasma concentrations were 16 times higher for CKD5 patients versus healthy volunteers, but it was not significant (1.606 ± 3.230 ng/mL versus 0.098 ± 0.169 ng/mL) (p > 0.05). BPA plasma concentrations for ESKDD patients in pre-dialysis samples were 1.4 times higher versus CKD5 patients (2.208 ± 5.525 ng/mL versus 1.606 ± 3.230 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). For healthy volunteers, ClxBPAs were never detected, or quantified while for CKD5 and ESKDD patients one ClxBPAs at least has been detected or quantified in 14 patients (38.8%) and 24 patients (37.5%), respectively. Dialysis therapy was inefficient to remove BPA either for HD (1.983 ± 6.042 ng/mL in pre-dialysis versus 3.675 ± 8.445 ng/mL in post-dialysis) or HDF (2.434 ± 5.042 ng/mL in pre-dialysis versus 7.462 ± 15.960 ng/mL in post dialysis) regarding pre-post BPA concentrations (p > 0.05). The same result was observed regarding ClxBPA analysis. Presence of polysulfone in dialyzer fibers overexposed ESKDD patients to BPA in pre-dialysis samples with 3.054 ± 6.770 for ESKDD patients treated with a polysulfone dialyzer versus 0.708 ± 0.638 (p = 0.040) for ESKDD patients treated without a polysulfone dialyzer and to BPA in post-dialysis samples with 6.629 ± 13.932 for ESKDD patients treated with a polysulfone dialyzer versus 3.982 ± 11.004 (p = 0.018) for ESKDD patients treated without a polysulfone dialyzer. This work is to our knowledge the first to investigate, the impact of a dialysis session and materials used on BPA and ClxBPAs plasma concentrations and to compare these concentrations to those found in CKD5 patients and in healthy volunteers. [Display omitted] • Dialysis therapy overexpose patients to BPA and its ClxBPAs. • A single hemodialysis session does not impact BPA and ClxBPA concentrations. • Polysulfone dialyzers seems to overexpose patients to BPA. • ClxBPAs were only detected in ESKDD patients and patients with stage 5 CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]