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In this work, we have prepared the hierarchically nanostructured core–shell NiCo layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) nanosheets- and ZnFe2O4 nanocubes-decorated polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/pitch-based carbon nanofibers (PPCNs) webs (NiCo-LDH@PPCNs as cathode and ZnFe2O4@PPCNs as anode materials) with the bonded network structure by a facile and scalable hydrothemal method. Herein, the low-cost pitch with lower softening point (∼90 °C) as co-precursor was utilized to produce the PAN/pitch-based carbon nanofibers (PPCNs) with enhanced electrical conductivity. The obtained PPCNs with pitch content of 30% (PP30CNs) electrode material delivered higher specific capacitance (∼67 F g−1) than that (∼48 F g−1) of the PAN-based carbon nanofibers (PCNs) at 1 A g−1, due to the increased electrical conductivity and lower interfacial charge transfer resistance (RCT) of ∼0.16 Ω. Further, the NiCo-LDH-decorated PP30CNs (NiCo-LDH@PP30CNs) as cathode material showed superior specific capacitance of 1162 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 and ultra-high retention rate of 91.56% at 10 A g−1. The ZnFe2O4@PP30CNs as anode material also showed higher specific capacitance of 282 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and good rate capability with capacitance retention of 56.73% at 10 A g−1. The as-fabricated asymmetric NiCo-LDH@PP30CNs//ZnFe2O4@PP30CNs hybrid supercapacitor device delivered a specific capacitance of ∼98 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and excellent capacitance retention of ∼88% after 5000 charge–discharge cycles.

To study the effects of the morphology of ZnO particles on the properties of asphalt binder and asphalt mixture, the micro ZnO particles with different morphologies (agglomerate, sphere, rod and flower), whose average size were 2 µm, were made by the homogeneous precipitation and hydrothermal methods. A series of tests, including the softening point, bending beam rheometer (BBR), dynamic shear rheological (DSR), Marshall test, rutting test and so on, were used for evaluating the properties of asphalt binder and asphalt mixture. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the maximum relative difference (MRD) were introduced to study the effects of the morphology of ZnO particles on the properties of asphalt binder and asphalt mixture. Finally, the optimal morphology of the ZnO particle was recommended. The results show that the morphology of the ZnO particle has a significant effect on the rutting factor, has an effect on the viscosity in the situation of the dosages of SBS are 0% and 4%, has no effect on the low temperature ability of asphalt binder. In terms of asphalt mixture, the morphology of the ZnO particle has a noticeable effect on the high temperature stability, has an effect on the low temperature ability, has almost no effect on the water stability of asphalt mixture. Furthermore, the rod-like ZnO particles are more conducive to promote the properties of asphalt binder and asphalt mixture. As a result, the rod-like ZnO particle is recommended.

In this work, the effects of different fiber loadings on the mechanical properties of the composites at the sub-micron scale were studied through nanoindentation followed by physical characterization. The composites were prepared by incorporating different loadings of wheat straw, corn stalk, and rice husk in polypropylene copolymer using a melt processing method followed by thermal–hydraulic compression technique. Nanoindentation experiments in quasi-continuous stiffness mode were performed on the surfaces of produced composites to study the composites’ elastic modulus, hardness, and creep properties. The obtained results expressed the in-depth study of the micro- and macro-level structure and behavior of particle interactions. The findings demonstrated that observable shifts in composites’ hardness, elastic modulus, and creep rate had occurred. The WS-reinforced biocomposite sheet showed the highest elastic modulus of 1.09 and hardness of 0.11 GPa at 40 wt% loading in comparison to other loadings. An impact strength of 7.55 kJ/m2 was noted for the biocomposite at 40 wt% RH loading. In addition, optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, water absorption, thickness swelling, and Vicat softening point studies were conducted on biocomposite sheets to evaluate differences in physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The outstanding mechanical performance of the newly developed composites makes them suitable for use as a biodegradable packaging material.

The hydrogenation of petroleum resin (PR) is an effective process to prepare high value-added hydrogenated PR (HPR). However, the preparation of non-noble metal-based catalysts with high catalytic activity for PR hydrogenation still remains a challenge. Herein, a La promoted Ni-based catalyst is reported through the thermal reduction of quaternary NiLaMgAl-layered double hydroxides (NiLaMgAl-LDHs). The incorporation of La is beneficial to the reduction and stability of Ni particles with reduced particle size, and the increased alkalinity effectively mitigates the breakage of molecular chains of PR. As a result, the La promoted Ni-based catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity and excellent stability for PR hydrogenation. A hydrogenation degree of 95.4% and 96.1% can be achieved for HC5PR and HC9PR with less reduced softening point, respectively. Notably, the hydrogenation degree still maintains at 92.7% even after 100 hours’ reaction, much better than that without La incorporation or prepared using conventional impregnation method.

Palm oil clinker (POC) is a by-product produced by the palm oil industry dumped in open sites, contributing to the environment's issues. Thus the need for strategic ways to mitigate its environmental effect and improves sustainability is crucial. This research was conducted to ascertain the suitability of using the palm oil clinker fine (POCF) as bitumen modifiers through material characterization tests. Furthermore, the evaluation of the influence of modification mixing parameters on the conventional properties of the POCF-modified bitumen. The incorporation of The POCF into the bitumen was done using a high shear mixer with the mixing speed, temperature, and time varied between 500 and 2000 rpm, 140–160 °C, and 30–60 min respectively, whereas the dosage of POCF was varied between (2–10% by weight of bitumen). Subsequently, the effect of the mixing parameters on penetration and softening point tests were used to assess the POCF-modified bitumen conventional properties relating to the base bitumen. From the material characterization, its pozzolanic properties suggest the feasibility of utilizing it as a bitumen modifier. Also, the findings reveal that all the mixing parameters have an influence on the POCF-MB properties and the optimum mixing parameters are 900 rpm at 160 °C for 30 min. While 6.3% of POCF is the optimum dosage that displays more improvement in the conventional properties of the bitumen such as decreasing penetration, increasing softening point. Generally, the incorporation of POCF enhances conventional bitumen properties while concurrently encouraging and harnessing sustainability.

Ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) sheet has been used in automobile structures for light weight and energy efficiency. The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the heat softening phenomenon and its effect on the formation of welding residual stresses and deformation in UHSS lap joints. Firstly, the lap joints of 1180 MPa steel sheets were fabricated using the cold metal transfer (CMT) welding process, and obvious heat softening was observed in the tempered area by hardness measurement. Miniature tensile test shows that the heat softening zone has about 33% reduction in strength comparing with the base metal. To identify the softening temperature, the simulated thermal cycle experiment was performed by applying various thermal cycles to the 1180 MPa sheet. It was found that the softening zone corresponds to the range of peak temperature from 500 °C to 720 °C. Based on the in-house FEM code JWRIAN, heat softening was modeled and included in the numerical models of CMT welded lap joints. By the verification with measured data, more accurate simulation results were obtained by the numerical model considering heat softening behavior. It was found that there exist the compressive or small tensile residual stress in the weld zone due to low temperature solid-state phase transformation and large tensile residual stress in the heat softening zone. A combined out-of-plane deformation was observed in the 1180 MPa steel lap joint. The upper plate has a downward angular distortion and concave longitudinal deflection, while the lower plate is deformed in the opposite manner. The effects of plate thickness on the welding distortion and residual stresses in 1180 MPa steel lap joints were parametrically analyzed using the developed model.

Up to the present time, assiduous efforts were devoted to mitigating the development of asphaltic pavement rutting. To this intention, nanotechnology recently received considerable attention to magnify the resistance against such distress. This work elucidated the worthiness of utilizing the industrial carbon nanotubes, CNT, as a strengthening additive. Accordingly, four dosages with an upper limit of 2.0% from this nanoscale material were added to two bitumen grades, 40/50 and 60/70. The modified binders were subjected to several tests including penetration, softening point, viscosity, and rheological properties. Furthermore, sets of cylindrical and slab-shaped specimens containing these binders were fabricated and underwent volumetric analysis, Marshall test in addition to rut measurement by the wheel tracking test. The outcome of this work revealed that higher viscosity bitumen consumes relatively less amount of the CNT with a better rutting performance rate and Marshall stability, whereas the 40/50 grade yielded an increase in rutting resistance by 61.0% and stability by 35.0% at 1.5% of the CNT while the 60/70 grade needed 2.0% of this material to be near these improving values. Regarding the Superpave rutting indicator addressed by G*/sin δ, a continuous ascending tendency was observed by adding the CNT for the basic and aged conditions. The cost analysis results specified the 1.5% of CNT mixed with 40/50 bitumen to be the threshold of economic feasibility, any further dosage or utilizing softer bitumen will omit its viability. All the results have been subjected to a comprehension statistical analysis that produced a significant regression model.

To elucidate the crystal growth process of hematite in high-temperature lead-free multicomponent alkali borosilicate glass, which is essentially important to control the color of red overglaze enamels, frit and hematite mixture is heat-treated and subjected to microscopic observations. Hematite particles slightly grew due to sintering at low temperature. Once the glass matrix formed near the softening point of frit, hematite dissolved into glass fluid. Hematite crystal growth concomitantly ensued with decrease in the number of hematite particles via Ostwald ripening as the temperature increased. The grown particles exhibited an anisotropic morphology with straight outlines reflecting crystal planes, the morphology of which is completely different from those grown by sintering and particles prior to heating. These results suggest that comprehensive understanding of frit and hematite from the perspectives of glass science and chemistry as well as powder technology are important to truly control the color of red overglaze enamels.

The work deals with the detection of presence of RAP (reclaimed asphalt pavement) in asphalt mixtures. Information about the presence of RAP in an asphalt layer can be technically advantageous, for example, when planning further recycling of the layer. The method described in the paper can also be used to verify the success of a treatment of an aged binder in RAP, which is dosed in the production of new asphalt mixtures. The asphalt binder was obtained by a method of successive extraction from asphalt mixtures with different RAP content. Basic empirical tests of the asphalt binder (needle penetration and softening point) were chosen to detect the presence of RAP. The complex shear modulus G* was further determined on the extracted binders using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR).

Although waste materials have negative effects on the environment, they can be utilized in civil engineering applications, particularly in pavement construction. This research investigates the feasibility of using agricultural waste and byproduct materials i.e., Rice Husk (RH) and Sawdust (SD) as modifiers to asphalt binders and mixtures. A mechanical mixer was used at 1400 rpm speed, and temperature of 140°C±5°C to blend the byproduct material with a typical 60/70 penetration grade asphalt for 60 minutes. Three different contents of 10, 15, and 20% by total weight of asphalt binder) were employed for modifying asphalt binders. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for the microstructural and chemical characterization of the modified asphalts. The neat and modified asphalts were tested against conventional properties. Modified asphalt mixtures were prepared and designed by Marshall method utilizing an optimum content of 15% by the total weight of asphalt binder for each of the byproduct materials. The moisture sensitivity was characterized in the laboratory for the control and modified mixes using the Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) and loss of stability. Results showed that with the increase in the content of the waste/byproduct material, penetration value decreased, softening point temperature increased, and viscosity increased. Marshall stability of the prepared hot asphalt mixture containing RH-modified asphalt binder was the highest but with higher loss of stability compared with other asphalt mixes. The TSR of the control mix was the highest compared with other mixes.

Macro evaluation indexes (penetration, ductility and softening point) are considered as an important basis for rational evaluation of asphalt service performance, but their micromechanisms have not...

The mechanical features evaluated theoretically using Makishima-Mackenzie's model for glasses xBaO-(50-x) PbO–50P2O5 where x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mol%. Wherefore, the elastic characteristics; Young's, bulk, shear, and longitudinal modulus calculated. The obtained result showed an increase in the calculated values of elastic moduli with the replacement of the PbO by BaO contents. Moreover, the Poisson ratio, micro-hardness, and the softening temperature calculated for the investigated glasses. Besides, gamma and neutron shielding ability evaluated for the barium doped lead phosphate glasses. Monte Caro code (MCNP-5) and the Phy-X/PSD program applied to estimate the mass attenuation coefficient of the studied glasses. The decrease in the PbO ratio has a negative effect on the MAC. The highest MAC decreased from 65.896 cm2/g to 32.711 cm2/g at 0.015 MeV for BPP0 and BPP7, respectively. The calculated values of EBF and EABF showed that replacement of PbO with BaO contents in the studied BPP glasses helps to reduce the number of photons accumulated inside the studied BPP glasses. © 2021 Korean Nuclear Society. Taif University, Saudi Arabia is kindly acknowledged for Supporting our work through the Project number (TURSP-2020/84).

Twenty-two straight run vacuum residues extracted from extra light, light, medium, heavy, and extra heavy crude oils and nine different hydrocracked vacuum residues were characterized for their bulk properties and SARA composition using four and eight fractions (SAR-ADTM) methods. Intercriteria analysis was employed to determine the statistically meaningful relations between the SARA composition data and the bulk properties. The determined strong relations were modeled using the computer algebra system Maple and NLPSolve with the Modified Newton Iterative Method. It was found that the SAR-ADTM saturates, and the sum of the contents of saturates and ARO-1 can be predicted from vacuum residue density, while the SAR-ADTM asphaltene fraction content, and the sum of asphaltenes, and resins contents correlate with the softening point of the straight run vacuum residues. The softening point of hydrocracked vacuum residues was found to strongly negatively correlates with SAR-ADTM Aro-1 fraction, and strongly positively correlates with SAR-ADTM Aro-3 fraction. While in the straight run vacuum residues, the softening point is controlled by the content of SAR-ADTM asphaltene fraction in the H-Oil hydrocracked vacuum residues, the softening point is controlled by the content of SAR-ADTM Aro-3 fraction content. During high severity H-Oil operation, resulting in higher conversion, hydrocracked vacuum residue with higher SAR-ADTM Aro-3 fraction content is obtained, which makes it harder and more brittle.

Los pavimentos están expuestos a condiciones ambientales y cargas vehiculares que causan que estos se envejezcan. Por la alta demanda de construcción de pavimentos y por la escasez de recursos, es necesario implementar materiales como el RAP (Recycled Asphalt Pavement). En este proyecto se realizó una comparación de las propiedades físicas y reológicas de una mezcla asfáltica 100% virgen y una con 20% de RAP. Para hacerlo, al asfalto se le realizaron los ensayos de punto de ablandamiento, penetración y viscosidad, y al pavimento el ensayo de Marshall. Estos indicaron que el envejecimiento causó un endurecimiento en el asfalto. El ensayo de Marshall arrojó buenos resultados, por lo que es posible usar mezclas asfálticas con un 20% de RAP. Pavements are exposed to environmental conditions and vehicle loads that cause them to age. Due to the high demand for pavement construction and the scarcity of resources, it is necessary to implement materials such as RAP (Recycled Asphalt Pavement). In this project, a comparison was made of the physical and rheological properties of a 100% virgin asphalt mix and one with 20% RAP. To do this, softening point, penetration and viscosity tests were performance to asphalt, and Marshall test was performance to pavement. These indicated that aging caused a hardening in the asphalt. The Marshall test yielded good results, so it is possible to use asphalt mixes with 20% RAP. http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Pregrado

The use of hydrocracked and straight-run vacuum residues in the production of road pavement bitumen requires a good understanding of how the viscosity and softening point can be modeled and controlled. Scientific reports on modeling of these rheological properties for hydrocracked and straight-run vacuum residues are scarce. For that reason, 30 straight-run vacuum residues and 33 hydrocracked vacuum residues obtained in a conversion range of 55–93% were investigated, and the characterization data were employed for modeling purposes. An intercriteria analysis was applied to investigate the statistically meaningful relations between the studied vacuum residue properties. It revealed that the straight-run and hydrocracked vacuum residues were completely different, and therefore their viscosity and softening point should be separately modeled. Through the use of nonlinear regression by applying CAS Maple and NLPSolve with the modified Newton iterative method and the vacuum residue bulk properties the viscosity and softening point were modeled. It was found that the straight-run vacuum residue viscosity was best modeled from the molecular weight and specific gravity, whereas the softening point was found to be best modeled from the molecular weight and C7-asphaltene content. The hydrocracked vacuum residue viscosity and softening point were modeled from a single property: the Conradson carbon content. The vacuum residue viscosity models developed in this work were found to allow prediction of the asphaltene content from the molecular weight and specific gravity with an average absolute relative error of 20.9%, which was lower of that of the model of Samie and Mortaheb (Fuel. 2021, 305, 121609)—32.6%.

Polimeri su neizostavni dio modernog društva. Oni čine veliki dio svih većih industrija; prometa, građevinarstva, energije, poljoprivrede, tekstila, prehrane, farmacije, itd. Polimerni materijali upotrijebljeni u takvim industrijama mogu dolaziti u različitim oblicima i sadržavati različita svojstva. U ovom radu objašnjena su svojstva polimera, a težina je stavljena na njihova mehaničko toplinska svojstva. Opisane su norme određivanja toplinske postojanosti oblika pod opterećenjem (HRN EN ISO 75), određivanje temperature omekšavanja po Vicatu (HRN EN ISO 306) i metoda dobivanja temperature postojanosti oblika po Martensu. U eksperimentalnom dijelu rada potrebno je dostupni uređaj na katedri za preradu polimera poboljšati te pustiti u rad. Nakon toga provedena su ispitivanja temperature omekšavanja po Vicatu na četiri različitih plastomera za potvrdu ispravnosti uređaja. Polymers are indispensable materials to modern society. They constitute a large part of major industries, including transport, construction, energy, agriculture, textiles, food, pharmacy, etc. The polymers used in such industries come in different forms and contain various characteristics. This paper will examine the properties of various polymers and focus on their mechanical and thermal properties. The described standards include determination of temperature of deflection under load (HRN EN ISO 75), determination of Vicat softening temperature (HRN EN ISO 306), and Martens method for determining heat – deflection temperature. The experimental part of this paper discusses improvement and putting into service the machine at polymer processing department. Lastly, tests of determination of Vicat softening temperatures are carried out on four different thermoplastic materials to confirm machine accuracy.

High temperature and traffic loading are two primary threats for asphalt pavement during the pavement's life cycle. The mentioned threats lead to significant distractions, namely bitumen's oxidative aging, rutting, and fatigue failure. In this study, calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) obtained from lignin was investigated as an anti-aging bitumen additive. After morphology analysis of CLS particles based on field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) technique, the CLS was mixed with the bitumen of 60/70 penetration grade at four quantities (i.e., 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). Then, the rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) was used to simulate bitumen aging. In the next step, physical tests (penetration, softening point, and ductility), rheological tests (rotational viscosity and dynamic shear rheometer), and performance tests (multiple stress creep recovery and linear amplitude sweep) were conducted on both aged and un-aged samples. Finally, to evaluate the change of bitumen's chemical components during the aging process, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out. Results showed that CLS particles had a bumpy structure. Moreover, the addition of CLS into the bitumen increased the stiffness and high-temperature performance of bitumen. Although CLS modified bitumen needed more energy for mixing and compaction to compare with virgin bitumen, CLS modified bitumen had lower rutting susceptibility than virgin one. The presence of CLS within the bitumen increased the binder's brittleness, leading to fatigue life degradation. Based on FTIR analysis and aging indices, CLS as a recycled bitumen additive can significantly inhibit bitumen's oxidative reaction.

Moisture damage is one of the most common and main distresses in asphalt pavements. Using Nanomaterials due to their unique and outstanding properties in the asphalt pavement industry has received much attention in recent years. This paper investigated the effects of Nano Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Nano Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) on moisture susceptibility resistance of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) mixtures. SMA mixtures are a type of hot mix asphalt (HMA) containing two main parts of coarse aggregates and bitumen-filled mortar (bitumen, stabilizing additives, and filler aggregates). There is a wide range of test methods for evaluating the moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures; this study used the immersion Marshall test, indirect tensile strength test, boiling water test, static creep test, pull-off adhesion, and Semi-circular bending (SCB) fracture test for this aim. The pure bitumen was modified with three content of Nano ZnO and Nano RGO (0.2 %, 0.4 %, and 0.6 % by weight of asphalt binder). The experimental results obtained in this research indicated that the addition of Nano RGO in pure binder increases the softening point and viscosity and decreases the penetration and ductility properties of pure bitumen. Also, the addition of Nano ZnO in bitumen can increase the ductility, softening point, and viscosity, and decrease the penetration properties of pure bitumen. The mechanical test results showed that an increase in the percentage of Nano ZnO and RGO lead to a rise in Marshall Stability, indirect tensile strength, accumulated strain, pull-off adhesion strength, and fracture energy and improve the bitumen coating on aggregates in SMA mixtures. According to calculated moisture susceptibility indices of the mentioned tests above, the Nano ZnO and Nano RGO can significantly improve the resistance of stone mastic asphalt mixtures against moisture susceptibility. Examination of the test results showed that the ITS, pull-off, and Semi-circular bending (SCB) fracture test can give a good estimation of the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixture. In addition, the results of the ANOVA test depicted that in ITS, Pull-off, and SCB fracture tests, Nano ZnO has a more significant effect on improving moisture susceptibility than Nano RGO.

Cílem tohoto příspěvku je popsat vliv přidání různého množství zestárlého pojiva znovuzískaného z R-materiálu na změnu vlastností polymerem modifikovaného asfaltu třídy 45/80-65 a polymerem modifikovaného asfaltu označovaného jako 45/80 RC, což je pojivo vhodné pro stmelení asfaltových směsí, které obsahují vysoké množství R-materiálu. Je snahou také zhodnotit změny vlastností těchto směsných asfaltových pojiv způsobených laboratorní simulací stárnutí metodou RTFOT (rolling thin film oven test) a PAV (pressure ageing vessel). Pro znovuzískání zestárlých pojiv je využit R-materiál obsahující nemodifikované asfaltové pojivo i R materiál získaný z asfaltové směsi, u které lze předpokládat, že obsahuje polymerem modifikovaný asfalt. Zestárlé pojivo získané z R-materiálu je do čerstvého pojiva dávkováno v množství 0 %, 15 %, 30 % a 50 %. The aim of this paper is to describe the effect of adding different amounts of aged binder recovered from RAP on the change in properties of polymer modified bitumen 45/80-65 and polymer modified bitumen referred to as 45/80 RC, which is a binder suitable for cementing asphalt mixtures containing high amounts of RAP. It is also an effort to evaluate the changes in properties of these blended asphalt binders caused by laboratory simulation of aging by rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) and pressure aging vessel (PAV). Both RAP containing unmodified asphalt binder and RAP obtained from an asphalt mixture that can be assumed to contain polymer modified bitumen are used to recover the aged binders. The aged binder obtained from the RAP is dosed into the fresh binder at 0 %, 15 %, 30 % and 50 %.

This paper presents the use of NBR waste (nitrite butadiene rubber) in association with commercial polymer EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) in the bitumen modification in order to improve its physical and rheological properties. Experimental tests such as penetration, softening point, and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) at high in service temperature were performed in the conventional and modified binders. The results showed, an improvement in physical properties: decrease in penetrability and increase in softening point, and an improvement in the rheological characteristics such as shear modulus G*, phase angle δ and rutting resistance at high in service temperature represented by the parameter G*/sinδ. The results also showed a logical consistency in the association NBR/EVA, modified binders B + 5%[NBR/EVA] gave intermediate results between the two binders containing 5%NBR and 5%EVA separately. These performances improve when the EVA proportion increases in this association. The use of this association is not only to improve the bitumen characteristics, but also to minimize the proportions of NBR waste at landfills.

In this research, an attempt was made to analyse the modified bitumen of grade 60/70 with polythene carry bags as waste plastics in two phases. In first phase, optimum bitumen volume was found as 5.5% by varying its volume from 4 to 6% at the rate of 0.5%. In second phase, several experiments were conducted on optimized bitumen volume with waste plastics at the volume of 0, 3, 6, 9,12 and 15%. Tests such as penetration test, softening point, ductility, flash and fire test, viscosity, specific gravity and Marshall’s stability test were also carried out to ascertain the stability value, flow value. From second phase, Optimum volume of waste plastics blended with bitumen was found as 12% by considering its stability value, higher strength, lower flow value and more air gaps. Nevertheless, ANOVA analysis was also revealed that the optimal amount of waste plastics to be added is 12%. From the cost analysis, about 2600 kg of bitumen of worth 76 thousand rupees was saved for 1 km DBM road construction. This indicates that bitumen can be saved up to 12% with the help of plastic waste which would directly help to save the average cost of road construction.

This study examined the effect of amorphous poly alpha olefin (APAO) on the rheological behavior of asphalt binder. In order to modify asphalt binder, several percentages of APAO (0, 2, 4, 6, 8%, and 10% by the weight of asphalt binder) were used. The penetration grade, softening point, ductility, and viscosity tests were performed. Also, the multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests were conducted to evaluate the rutting and fatigue behavior of asphalt binder. The storage stability test was implemented to measure the ability of modified asphalt binder against separation. Based on the results, using APAO reduced the penetration grade and increased the softening point due, maybe, to the asphalt binder stiffening. The PI values increased with the addition of APAO, which indicated that the temperature susceptibility of all modified asphalt samples was reduced compared to the base asphalt binder. The increase in the viscosity of virgin asphalt binder due to APAO addition caused the mixture placement/compaction operations to become harder. The G*/sin δ parameter for all types of pre-post-aging RTFO asphalt binders was improved for APAO-modified asphalt binder, meaning that the latter stiffened and thus increased the respective rutting resistance of mixtures. The low-temperature performance of asphalt binder indicated that the stiffness of asphalt sample increased with an increase in the APAO percentage, which indicates that the addition of APAO improved the cracking potential of modified asphalt binders and had negative effects on the asphalt binders. The storage stability test results indicated that the phase separation of asphalt binder was related to the APAO content. Results revealed, ignoring the levels of stress, that using APAO reduced the non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr) value of virgin asphalt binder, indicating the production of an asphalt binder benefitting higher rutting resistance with APAO modification. APAO increased the %R of asphalt binder. Based on the LAS test results, the addition of APAO led to an increase in the fatigue life of asphalt binders, and by increasing the additive content, the fatigue life increased. The FTIR analysis indicated that no chemical interaction was observed between asphalt binder and APAO.

xBi2O3-(70-x)B2O3-8BaO-16ZnO-5.5SiO2-0.5Sb2O3(x=10-30mol%) glass was prepared by melt-quenching method. The microstructure, thermal properties, chemical stability and electrical properties of the glass were researched. The results show that all samples are in a good glass state. With the continuous increase of Bi2O3 content, the density and molar volume of the glass show a linear increase trend. In the glass structure, the vibration of [BiO3] and [BiO6] is increased, the total ratio of [BO3] and [BO4] is reduced and part of [BO4] is converted to [BO3]. The glass network structure becomes loose, resulting in an increase in the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass, and a decrease in the transition temperature and softening temperature. The water resistance and acid resistance of glass have been continuously enhanced. The resistivity maintained at a relatively high level and continues to increase.