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This study examines the changes in the population placement system within Northwestern Siberia during the 1930s-1950s. It provides an overview of the settlement network that formed the basis of population distribution in the region. Previously unpublished archival data on settlement typology, population size, resettlement to the north during industrialization and collectivization, and post-war periods are introduced into scholarly discourse. The dynamics of population size and distribution in national districts are discussed, along with an exploration of the ethnic composition of rural settlements’ inhabitants. The study notes a decrease in the proportion of indigenous peoples alongside an increase in the number of Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Germans in the ethnic composition of the population, largely due to mass forced migrations. It is concluded that compared to the 1920s, there was a reduction in the number of small settlements of nomadic peoples (yurts, reindeer camps) during the period under review. As a result of sedentarization efforts among the indigenous population of the region, a significant portion of their settlements became permanent and acquired town status. The typological structure of the settlement network changed: the number of “alien” type settlements decreased, giving rise to “special settlements,” an increase in towns, and rural nonagricultural settlements such as animal farms, forestry areas, and settlements near factories.

The study analyzes the population, typology, and size of settlements in the Novosibirsk district, which was one of the administrative-territorial units of the Siberian region in 1925—1930. The peculiarities of the development of the settlement network in this district are determined in comparison with neighboring districts. Data on the quantitative ratio of settlements of different types, their household and population composition are presented for the first time, and continuity and transformation in the development of the settlement system in the district are traced. The relevance of the study lies not only in the poorly studied nature of the topic but also in the possibility of using historical experience from previous generations to build an effective agricultural policy and revive the Russian village in its modern stage of development. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the functioning of the settlement network in the early years of Soviet power, including the typical structure of its units, the average number of peasant households in settlements of different types, and the placement of mono-ethnic settlements in the Novosibirsk district. A new trend has been noted in transforming rural settlements into urban ones, expressed in a refusal to make purely administrative decisions on this issue in favor of taking into account the sequential evolution of a specific settlement.

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Geographical analysis of the current Hungarian settlement network has shown that the population number and local social and economic structures are interrelated. Indices of demography, local labour market, income level, level of education, structure of local economic production are some of the dimensions correlating with the population number. The role of population size has been analysed intensively in the case of the smallest villages (usually defined as villages below 500 inhabitants); these settlements have been facing a complex set of issues, at least from the last third of the 20th century. The current paper is focusing on the changing role of population size between 1720 and 1910 in the territory of pre-World War I Hungary. Based on settlement-level data, some major characteristics of local social and economic structures are analysed, in order to shed light on the interconnectedness of the population number and geographical disparities, using quantitative methods. Main questions to be answered are the following: (1) has the role of settlement size changed throughout the 18th and 19th centuries and in what way? (2) could the role of regional/geographical disparities or rather the role of settlement size be considered more important? (3) is it possible to delimit certain settlement types based on their size in the analysed period? By answering these questions, the research might contribute to the analysis of historical geographical disparities, and provide additional considerations to the research focusing on the recent processes of rural areas. It is shown that the 'settlement ladder' can be detected both in the 18th and in the early 20th century. Even if the regional differentiation of the settlement network was significant, the role of the settlement size is evident as well. In the 18th century the smallest villages (those under 100 inhabitants), the villages between 100 and 2000 inhabitants and the towns above 10 000 inhabitants could be distinguished, while in 1910 the smallest (under 100 inhabitants), and the settlements above 50 000 inhabitants could be characterised by specific indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My paper presents some cases of the settlement network of Pápai Bakonyalja, a Transdanubian area from the Angevine era. In the analysis I used the detailed description of the settlement's boundaries from the charters from this era. It is possible to localize the medieval boundaries on the base of the cadastral maps from the mid-19th century with the matching of the similar place names. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of a 8.1 m long peat sequence from Tăul fărăfund ("Bottomless Lake," Transylvanian Basin, Northern Romania) offers a series representing wetland development since the Middle Holocene. The most striking feature of the sequence is a cca. 900 year-long hiatus caused by peatcutting in the 14th century AD. An artificial reservoir was constructed there in the Late Middle Ages by the excavation of the uppermost peat layer, afflicting a significant environmental impact on this remote location. One of the oldest documented Hungarian settlements from the time of the Hungarian Kingdom (11th century AD, presumably with previous history) in Transylvania was discovered in the vicinity of the former reservoir by an archaeological field survey. By harmonising historical data and the exact chronological sequence of the borehole, the creation of the reservoir was inserted into the local history of the developing mediaeval settlement network at the time when some of the early settlements had been abandoned and a permanent village was established, with a church and upscale landowners, in the area of present-day Băgău in the 13th to 14th century AD. Significant environmental impacts have emerged during this transitional period around the reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Builder (1896-0642) is the property of PWB MEDIA Zdzieblowski sp.j. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Presents a novel settlement network optimisation model. • The model integrates urbanisation-energy nexus and its socio-economic impacts. • Shows how to achieve energy efficiency via development pattern and tech leverage. • Coordinated urban development is essential for successful energy transition. The nexus between urbanisation and energy transition represents a critical juncture in the pursuit of sustainable development. As cities continue to grow and expand, their energy needs rise, driving consumption and emissions. Simultaneously, efforts to transition towards renewable energy sources and improve energy efficiency are underway to mitigate climate change and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. However, urbanisation poses a challenge to these efforts, as sprawling cities require more energy for transport, infrastructure and buildings. Reconciling the need for urban development with sustainable energy practices requires integrated spatial planning approaches that consider the spatial layout of residential areas, land use patterns and transport systems. To address this nexus, our study explores the complex interplay between energy efficiency and urban development, alongside communities' quality of life, which is crucial for urban sustainability. We have developed a settlement network model that integrates socio-economic factors and the spatial distribution of energy consumption. Using a U-NSGA 3 algorithm, we have attempted to optimise future settlement network to simultaneously improve the two goals of energy efficiency and socio-economic factors. By optimising settlement networks, we shed light on the relationship between energy efficiency and communities' quality of life arising from different urban development patterns, offering insights for strategic spatial planning and technological advances. Using insights from a Swiss case study, we delineate modified strategies encompassing coordinated development, densification and the use of electric vehicles and building insulation. The results offer practical solutions for policymakers and spatial planners dedicated to fostering sustainable urban development. The overall conclusion underscores the critical significance of a coordinated approach to urban development in attaining overarching sustainability objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Památky Archeologické is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the peculiarities of the settlement network of the established Kolomyia district (raion) of Ivano-Frankivsk oblast and its importance in the formation of territorial communities (hromada). We analyzed the peculiarities of the functioning of local settlement systems through the indicators of transport accessibility to the center of the community and administrative service centers, as well as the concentration coefficient of the population. We identified strengths and weaknesses, as well as threats and opportunities during the SWOT-analysis.

In the oldest stages of the early Middle Ages, the settlements located between the Warta and the Obra were concentrated predominantly in a few areas: between the Warta, the Sama and the Samica Stęszewska, in the vicinity of Pniewy and Lwówek, and to the west of Sieraków. The resulting structure, over time supplemented with settlement clusters in Opalenica Plain, formed the basis for a network of gords established in the 9th and the early 10th centuries. The arrangement of hamlets and gords allowed to reconstruct long-range transport routes connecting these regions with south Wielkopolska, Lusatia as well as the north-western Slavic domains.