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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contribute to the release of microplastics into the environment. While the removal efficiency of MPs in WWTPs can reach up to 99.9 %, the highest amount of microplastics is retained in the sludge. Anaerobic digestion, one of the most promising and common processes, can help reduce sludge volume and odour, and due to the formation of biogas, mainly consisting of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), can help decrease the operating costs of WWTPs. A test measuring the inhibition of biogas production using the OxiTop® measuring system was employed to determine the effect of added microfibres (MFs) on biogas production. Particles less than 1 mm in size of polyester, polyamide, and polyacrylic, were added to anaerobic sludge at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.10 g l–1 to simulate their effect on biogas production. The yields of CH4 and CO2 produced during anaerobic digestion of the MFs-contaminated sludge were determined. The addition of MFs to sewage sludge affects methane production. The results indicated that the lowest added concentrations of 0.05 g l–1 of MFs promoted methane production, while the presence of 0.1 g l–1 decreased methane production for all types of MFs used. Polyacrylic at 0.1 g l–1 had the most negative effect on methane production (up to 27 %), while polyamide at 0.05 g l–1 reached the highest methane production (up to 25 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the dyeability of 100% polyamide (6.6) fabric which was dyed with black water that is one of the olive oil production wastes was investigated. Olive oil production waste was divided into two components, namely olive oil wastewater (black water) and pomace by using filtration. The black water obtained after filtration was used as a natural dyestuff source. Before dyeing, the polyamide (6.6) fabric was mordanted by pre- and meta-mordanting methods. Mordanting was done at various concentrations and mordanting times and also worked with aluminium sulfate, iron(II)sulfate, tannic acid and tartaric acid as mordant agents. Conventional method was used in dyeing. All stainings were dyed in 1:20 liquor ratio. 100% black water was used as dyestuff in dyeing. Color analyzes of the obtained dyeings were made and CIEL*a*b* and K/S values of dyed fabrics were examined. HPLC-DAD analyzes of dyed fabrics were also carried out and the coloring agents in olive oil waste water were examined. In addition, light fastness, washing fastness, wet and dry rubbing fastness, acidic and alkaline perspiration fastness and water spotting fastness of dyed fabrics were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Materials & Technologies / Materiali in Tehnologije is the property of Institute of Metals & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)