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Kukuruzni moljac (Ostrinia nubilalis, Hubner, 1796.) je uz kukuruznu zlaticu (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, LeConte, 1868.) gospodarski najznačajniji štetnik kukuruza. Gusjenica kukuruznog moljca izgriza list, buši stabljiku i smanjuje joj čvrstoću. Osim navedenih direktnih šteta od gusjenica, indirektne čine i odrasle jedinke prenoseći spore mikotoksigenih gljivica. Mikotoksini su sekundarni metaboliti koje gljivice sintetiziraju tijekom rasta na određenim supstratima. Oni, mogu biti uzročnici različitih bolesti kod ljudi i životinja najčešće putem hrane. Najistaknutiji mikotoksini su aflatoksin B1 i okratoksin A. Istraživanje je provedeno u cilju utvrđivanja potencijala leptira kukuruznog moljca da prenosi spore mikotoksigenih gljivica. Tijekom dvije vegetacije 2021. i 2022. u pokusnom polju Instituta u Osijeku, lovnom lampom u kukuruzištu su uhvaćeni leptiri. U laboratoriju su isprani s 1ml destilirane vode. Uzorak isprane vode za svaku jedinku leptira je nanesen na hranjivu podlogu. Nakon inkubacije razvijene kulture gljivica su podvrgnute morfološkoj determinaciji prema dostupnim ključevima. Tijekom istraživanja determinirani su rodovi Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp. i Fusarium spp. Uzorci čistih kultura nakon presađivanja dokazano pozitivni na aflatoksin B1 i okratoksin A determinirani su do rodova: Aspergillus spp. i Penicillium spp. U istraživanju je dokazano je da je kukuruzni moljac prijenosnik spora mikotoksigenih gljivica. The european corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner, 1796.) (ECB) is with western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, Leconte, 1868.) (WCR) economicly the most significant corn pest. The ECB catapillar cause bites off leaves, drills through stem and weakens its firmness. Other than the mentioned primary damages, indirectly the adult individuals cause damage by carring the spores of mycotoxigenetic fungi. Mycotoxins are secundary metabolits which fungi synthesize during growth on specific substrate. They, can be the cause of different diseases on people and animals mostly by food. The most significant mycotoxings are aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A. The research has been done in the purpose of determening the ECB butterfly potential of carring the spores of mycotoxigenetic fungi. During two growing seasons, 2021. and 2022. in the experimental field of Institute of Osijek the butterflys were caught in corn fields with light traps. In laboratory they were rinsed with 1ml destilled water. The sample of rinsed water from every individual were inflicted on nutritious base. After incubation the developed fungi were submitted to morphological determination according to available keys. During research the following genus were determened: Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium spp. The samples of pure cultures, after the determination, were proven to be positive on aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A. The positive samples belonged to the genus Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. Transplanting the fungi of mentioned genus on nutritios base MEA (Malt extract agar), their extraction and finally by liquid chromatography, it is proven that the ECB is a carrier of mycotoxigenetic fungi.

Kukuruzna zlatica (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) jedan je od najvažnijih i najopasnijih štetnika kukuruza. Ima jednu generaciju godišnje i tri razvojna stadija. Ličinka se hrani na korijenu biljaka, a odrasli oblik se hrani na nadzemnim dijelovima biljaka pri čemu je oštećuje. Najveće štete koje uzrokuju ličinke očituju se u tome što biljke lako poliježu ako imaju oštećen korijen, a štete na korijenu dovode do smanjenog prinosa. Međutim osim izravnih šteta kukuruzna zlatica može biti prenositelj mikotoksigenih gljivica i tako doprinositi kontaminaciji kukuruza. Mikotoksini su sekundarni metaboliti gljiva koji mogu toksično djelovati na ljude i životinje. Čimbenici koji utječu na nastanak i na stvaranje mikotoksina su temperatura, vlaga, kukci prisutni u polju ili neka mehanička oštećenja biljnih organa. Neki od ekonomski najznačajnijih mikotoksina su aflatoksin B1 i okratoksin A. Istraživanje je provedeno u sklopu projekta „Proizvodnja hrane, biokompozita i biogoriva iz žitarica u kružnom gospodarstvu“ (EFRR) (projekt-klima.eu)., KK 05.1.1.02.0016, financiranog od strane Ministarstva okoliša RH iz sredstava ESF, Operativni program konkurentnost i kohezija. U svrhu datog istraživanja prikupljeni su odrasli oblici kukuruzne zlatice. Ukupno je prikupljeno 100 uzoraka metodom vizualnog pregleda biljaka. Utvrđeno je 60 potencijalnih uzoraka na aflatoksin B1 i 60 potencijalnih uzoraka na okratoksin A. Od 179 čistih kultura, broj proizvođača aflatoksina B1 je iznosio 2,8 % i ukupan broj proizvođača okratoksina A je iznosio 3,4 %. Uzorci koji su bili pozitivni na aflatoksin B1 i okratoksin A pripadaju u rodove Aspergillus i Penicillium. The corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is one of the most important and dangerous pests of corn. It has one generation per year and three developmental stages. The larva feeds on the roots of plants and the adult form feeds on the aerial parts of plants, damaging them. The greatest damage caused by the larvae is manifested in the fact that the plants easily lie down if they have damaged roots and damage to the roots leads to a reduced yield. However, in addition to direct damage, corn rootworm can be a carrier of mycotoxigenic fungi and thus contribute to the contamination of corn. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that can have a toxic effect on humans and animals. Factors that affect the emergence and formation of mycotoxins are temperature, moisture, insects present in the field or some mechanical damage to plant organs. Some of the most economically significant mycotoxins are aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A. The research was carried out as part of the project "Production of food, biocomposites and biofuels from cereals in a circular economy" (EFRR) (projekt-klima.eu)., KK 05.1.1.02.0016, financed by the Ministry of the Environment of the Republic of Croatia from ESF funds, Operational Program Competitiveness and Cohesion. For the purpose of this research, adult forms of the corn rootworms were collected. A total of 100 samples were collected by visual inspection of plants. There were 60 potential samples for aflatoxin B1 and 60 potential samples for ochratoxin A determined. Out of 179 pure cultures, the number of producers of aflatoxin B1 was 2.8% and the total number of producers of ochratoxin A was 3.4%. The samples that were positive for aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A belong to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium.