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Background: A significant body of literature has examined the impact of verbal and non‐verbal bullying in surgical settings, where a central focus has been on the experiences of trainee and junior members of the surgical team, women in surgery and other health professionals, such as nurses. Research on how surgeons' perceive or experience bullying is more limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the views of surgeons on negative and disrespectful verbal and non‐verbal behaviour and bullying in surgical settings, including its impact on surgeons themselves and the surgical staff they oversee. Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with surgeons between February and November 2019. Questions explored surgeons' perceptions of interpersonal communication and behaviour in their surgical workplaces in the preceding 6‐months. A narrative analysis approach was used to code, interpret, and report the interview data. Results: Thirty‐one interviews were conducted with surgeons (19 male and 12 female), from Australia (26) and Aotearoa New Zealand (5) from 10 surgical specialties. Three themes were identified with associated subthemes: bullying (five subthemes), non‐verbal bullying (seven subthemes), and impact and outcomes of bullying (six subthemes). Conclusion: This study revealed a notable shift in the reported verbal and non‐verbal bullying behaviour among surgeons, demonstrating a decrease in intensity, physicality and violence for the 6‐months prior to interviews conducted in 2019, when compared with surgeons' historic experiences. Despite reported behaviour being more subtle and indirect, it nonetheless continues to have a marked impact on many surgeons as well as the staff they oversee. This study investigated the perspectives of surgeons on disrespectful behaviour and bullying in surgical settings. Thirty‐one interviews with surgeons from Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand were conducted, revealing three themes: verbal bullying, non‐verbal bullying, and the impact and outcomes of bullying. Despite becoming more subtle and indirect, bullying continues to significantly impact surgeons and the staff they oversee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For public spaces to be both accessible and hospitable, the provision of good quality public toilets is essential. This is particularly true for women as well as more specific groups, including older adults, people with health conditions or impairments, and those experiencing homelessness. Despite their importance, public toilets commonly conjure notions of dirtiness and nuisance, or of spaces used for purposes for which they were not intended, such as drug use, sexual encounters or shelter. Public toilets, therefore, reflect the complexity of shared public spaces. With a focus on Brussels, relevant authorities and organisations were interviewed, and on-site observations were carried out to explore the importance of public toilets for public spaces. The article is attentive to the nuisances linked to public toilets, and the difficulties in generating effective responses to their so-called misuse.

For public spaces to be both accessible and hospitable, the provision of good quality public toilets is essential. This is particularly true for women as well as more specific groups, including older adults, people with health conditions or impairments, and those experiencing homelessness. Despite their importance, public toilets commonly conjure notions of dirtiness and nuisance, or of spaces used for purposes for which they were not intended, such as drug use, sexual encounters or shelter. Public toilets, therefore, reflect the complexity of shared public spaces. With a focus on Brussels, relevant authorities and organisations were interviewed, and on-site observations were carried out to explore the importance of public toilets for public spaces. The article is attentive to the nuisances linked to public toilets, and the difficulties in generating effective responses to their so-called misuse.

For public spaces to be both accessible and hospitable, the provision of good quality public toilets is essential. This is particularly true for women as well as more specific groups, including older adults, people with health conditions or impairments, and those experiencing homelessness. Despite their importance, public toilets commonly conjure notions of dirtiness and nuisance, or of spaces used for purposes for which they were not intended, such as drug use, sexual encounters or shelter. Public toilets, therefore, reflect the complexity of shared public spaces. With a focus on Brussels, relevant authorities and organisations were interviewed, and on-site observations were carried out to explore the importance of public toilets for public spaces. The article is attentive to the nuisances linked to public toilets, and the difficulties in generating effective responses to their so-called misuse.

The objective of the study is to analyze how incivilities and social disorder are a principle that helps explain the increase in drug dealing and homicidal violence in the municipality of Tijuana. As it is a topic little addressed, the methodology is exploratory and explanatory and takes as a reference the theory of incivilities and social disorder. The results show that drug dealing and homicidal violence have increased along with urban decay and apathy on the part of municipal authorities to face the problem, leaving aside city management, co-responsibility and social cohesion as an essential strategy to deal with crime. For this reason, the contributions of the study are useful for the design of public policies in the fight against crime and crime prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this brief report, neighborhood tenure mixing is defined as the proportion of owner-occupied versus renter-occupied properties in a neighborhood. The current study examined the association between the proportion of neighborhood tenure mixing, neighborhood crime, and the physical conditions of the neighborhood environment (i.e., incivilities, territoriality, and built environment). Fourteen trained raters (i.e., 7 dyads) used the Revised Block Environmental Inventory to document the physical conditions of one owner-dominated, one renter-dominated, and one mixed neighborhood. Our findings suggest that the highest levels of built environments and territoriality were displayed in neighborhoods where the ownership occupation was between 30 to 50%. Implications for future studies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although urban disorder has played a central role in neighborhood research, its impact may have been overstated in studies relying on the subjective perception of survey respondents only. Research on the "perception bias"—defined as the divergence between respondents' subjective assessments and systematic observations of disorder—has revealed the ambiguous nature of disorder and opened a door to the analysis of the social construction of this environmental cognition. Using survey and observational data from 140 small neighborhoods in two German cities, we advance this research by focusing on the moderating role of residents' interethnic contacts and attitudes. The results show that the effects of neighborhood minority concentration on the perception bias are conditional on the residents' interethnic contacts and xenophobic attitudes. These findings highlight the subjectivity of disorder perceptions and caution against a naive understanding of Broken Windows theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of organisation in urban spaces plays a decisive role in the level of integration, communication and social bonds of the residents, impacting the citizens' feelings of trust and security. Different personal variables and contextual characteristics have been associated with the fear of crime (FOC). The main objective of this study is to analyse how individual and social/environmental variables, and incivilities, predict crime against people and property, crime that has either happened or is feared to happen. Five hundred and fifty-four residents (M = 43.82; SD = 18.38) in the Historic Centre of Porto (HCP), Portugal, answered 61 items of the Diagnosis of Local Security (DLS) Questionnaire. The results of this study show that in the most frequent crime category, 72% of occurrences represent crime against property. In the feared crime category, there is a preponderance of crime against people (61%). Age of the respondents predicted the most frequent and feared crime, while sex predicted the most feared crime only. Social/environmental variables, as well as incivilities, also predict the frequent and feared crime in two typologies, i.e., crime against people and crime against property. Practical implications to reduce FOC and areas for further investigation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examining the harmful effects of some existing governance approaches to urban space and various types of resistance to them, we outline a new framework to develop and evaluate security approaches in the city – in particular, towards ‘incivilities’. This framework relies on the redefinition of security, which we extended far beyond the realm of crime to include social security and concerns around vulnerability, sustainability, inclusion and so on, and takes into account the critique of existing governance measures. Simultaneously, it relies on the rethinking of ‘incivilities’, which involves shifting the focus away from behaviour deemed ‘anti-social’ to the actions or inactions of those who decide what ‘anti-social’ is in the first place, and their harmful consequences. The framework we propose – that takes into account harms, people’s broader sensitivities around public space and pro-social alternatives to current security approaches – should hopefully contribute to a more just and legitimate urban security governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]