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Background: Gynura procumbens, a well-known traditional herb, has been studied to be an effective chemotherapeutic agent against a wide range of cancer cell types. Case Description: A 7-year-old chihuahua dog was presented to the VTH with multiple cutaneous MCT grade III masses found on the cranial aspect of the right front leg and the dorsal aspect of the neck/back. Local excision of all cutaneous tumors were performed followed by chemotherapy (vinblastine, prednisone and cyclophosphamide) every 21-day interval for 9 treatments. Nearby three months later, recurrent MCT was observed and lomustine was used instead for 21-day interval. During the first chemotherapy, the dog had a fever, weak, lethargy and vomiting. Alternative natural therapy preferred, the dog has been received Gynura procumbens daily. The dog responded well to this herbal treatment. These recurrent masses began to shrink after a few weeks of treatment. Several months of treatment, all masses were completely gone. Moreover, no micro-metastasis to lungs, spleen and liver were detected. Conclusion: This natural herbal was helpful to stop the growth of tumor, to prevent micro-metastasis and to relieve the patient's symptoms. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(6.000): 1491-1496]

In order to investigate the material basis of the uric acid-lowering activity of Gynura procumbens, G. procumbens extracts obtained by hot reflux extraction with different ethanol concentrations (0%, 30% and 70%) were evaluated for bioactive ingredients, xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity. The extracts were analyzed and identified by non-targeted metabolomics. Meanwhile, the 30% and 70% ethanol extracts, which exhibited high XOD inhibitory activity, was evaluated for uric acid-lowering activity in a mouse model of hyperuricemia induced by hypoxanthine and potassium oxonate. The results showed that the XOD inhibitory activity of the extracts was significantly positively correlated with the total flavonoid and total organic acid contents (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), and the superoxide anion scavenging capacity was significantly positively correlated with the total phenol content (P < 0.01). A total of 705 differential metabolites were detected by non-targeted metabolomics. In vitro experiments revealed that naringenin, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, α-linolenic acid, ferulic acid and diosmetin were the key contributors to the uric acid-lowering activity of G. procumbens. Both 30% and 70% ethanol extracts alleviated hyperuricemia by lowering serum uric acid and inhibiting XOD (P < 0.01), and alleviated hyperuricemia-induced oxidative liver damage. In this study, through in vivo and in vitro experiments, the uric acid lowering activity of G. procumbens was verified, and the basis of the uric acid lowering substance was discussed, which could provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of uric acid-lowering substances from G. procumbens and the development of functional foods with uric acid-lowering activity.

Herbal medicines, a popular choice for treatments, are effective against diabetes when used with nanoparticles. Thus, this study investigates the effects of Gynura procumbens ethanolic extract with chitosan nanoparticles on streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rat model. Twenty-eight days old 16 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups such as T0 = control (normal), T1 = streptozotocin-induced diabetes, T2 = streptozotocin-induced diabetes treated with ethanolic extract of Gynura Procumbens (150 mg/kg body weight), and T3= streptozotocin induced diabetes treated with ethanolic extract of Gynura Procumbens (150 mg/kg) and chitosan nanoparticles (25 mg/kg). Blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the diabetic group T1 (26.27±1.76) compared to treatment T2 (18.32±.715) and T3 (15.45±1.33) groups. The body weight of T1 (115.75±0.08c) significantly decreased compared to control T0 (216.25±4.27) on the 21st day. Interestingly, there was significant (p [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2024; 7(1.000): 255-265]

In this study, genetic differences among 24 populations of Gynura procumbens from different geographical regions were studied using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and trnL-trnF sequences. The ITS sequence had an aligned length of 718 bp and a G+ C content of 49.8%, with five variable sites and three parsimonious informative sites. The trnL-trnF sequence had an aligned length of 835 bp and a G+ C content of 35.0%, with six variable sites and three parsimonious informative sites. The phylogenetic tree based on trnL-trnF sequences showed that all populations of G. procumbens clustered into one branch, indicating that this sequence has strong identification abilities in genetic difference research. Phylogenetic analysis using both ITS and trnL-trnF sequences showed similar results. Populations collected from Taiwan and Indonesia were grouped into one clade, whereas those collected from Guizhou, Guangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong shared close relationships corresponding to their geographical distribution patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nutrition & Feed Technology Journal / Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Lead exposure is a growing concern in recent public health because lead acts as an oxidant, causing oxidative stress. In this context, the administration of exogenous antioxidants is imperative. Our preliminary study revealed that Gynura procumbens leaf and root contain phenolics and flavonoids. The current study aims to determine the potency of G. procumbens adventitious root (ARGp) in preventing oxidative stress caused by lead exposure and the potential as an anti-cancer agent. Methods: ARGp was induced from leaf explant, propagated inside a bioreactor, and macerated by methanol. Balb/C mice were used in an in vivo study and divided into 5 groups, as follows: P1 (distilled water); P2 (Pb 100 mg/L); P3 (ARGp-100 mg/L + Pb 100 mg/L); P4 (ARGp-200 mg/L + Pb 100 mg/L); and P5 (ARGp-300 mg/L + Pb 100 mg/L). Hematologic parameters, the level of lipid peroxidation, and GPx-4 antioxidant gene expression were subsequently recorded. Results: Administration of ARGp significantly increased the hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume but did not significantly increase the mean corpuscular hemoglobin compared to lead exposure (P2). In contrast, ARGp significantly lowered the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and white blood count compared to P2. ARGp significantly decreased liver and kidney lipid peroxidation but not in the serum. These findings are consistent with the ability of ARGp to enhance endogenous antioxidant gene expression, especially GPx-4 . Furthermore, ARGp exhibited a cytotoxic effect on the hepatoma (Huh7it) cell line with an IC 50 44.65 mg/L. Conclusion: ARGp possesses antioxidants by restoring hematologic damage, lowering lipid peroxidation, and increasing antioxidant gene expression, as well as anti-cancer activity.

Unhealthy lifestyle habits greatly increase the risks of various degenerative illnesses, for example, diabetes mellitus as well as dyslipidemia. Recent studies have shown that the pharmaceutical drugs used for the treatment of these conditions have undesirable side effects. This indicates that it is necessary to find more effective and safe alternative treatment options, particularly in medicinal plants, such as Ageratum conyzoides and Gynura procumbens. Therefore, this research examined the combined antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activity of Ageratum conyzoides and Gynura procumbens extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The insulin sensitivity of the test animals was assessed at the beginning of the experiment using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) through the administration of 3 g/kgBW glucose. Pancreatic destruction was induced with the intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 150 mg/kgBW alloxan, and the rats were treated with ethanol extract for 14 days. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured using the enzymatic method. The results showed that the single extracts and their combination exhibited high antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activity. This was indicated by a substantial reduction in fasting blood sugar, TG, TC, and LDL-C (p

The goal of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of both the in vitro and in vivo plant part extracts of the medicinal plant Gynura procumbens. An effective protocol for regeneration and callus formation was developed using nodal segments and regenerated leaf explants, respectively. The highest fresh and dry weight calli were produced after four weeks of culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg/L BAP and 2.0 mg/L NAA, while the most shoots were produced on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L IAA. The in vitro shoots developed roots on MS media with 0.1 mg/L IBA. The antibacterial activity of extracts against various bacteria was examined to determine their significance (p

Gynura procumbens is an edible flowering plant that has been utilized as traditional therapy for numerous diseases. The current experiment investigates the hepatoprotective potentials of the ethanol extract of Gynura procumbens leaf (EEGPL) against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 clusters: A, rats received orally 10% Tween 80 and intraperitoneal (i.p) inoculation of sterile distal water; B, rats received orally10% Tween 80; C, rats received orally daily 50 mg/kg of silymarin, while groups; D and E, rats received orally daily doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg of EEGPL, respectively. Furthermore, B-E clusters received 200 mg/kg thioacetamide (i.p) three times a week for 60 days.The liver gross morphology of rats that received only TAA (B) revealed irregular rough surface layers compared to smoother livers of rats that received EEGPL. Histopathology of group B revealed clear hepatic necrosis and fibrous connective tissue, which were significantly reduced in C-E groups. EEGPL treatment caused a significant down-regulation of PCNA and α-SMA protein expressions. Antioxidant (SOD and CAT) enzymes in hepatic homogeneity were meaningfully lower, and MDA levels were significantly higher in TAA controls compared to those of C-E groups. Moreover, EEGPL treatment caused a reduction of TNF-α and IL-6 and increased expression of IL-10 cytokines. Therefore, the hepatoprotective potentials of EEGPL might be contributed to its modulation of detoxification enzymes, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. (Family: Asteraceae) is a tropical Asian medicinal plant found in Thailand, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. It has long been utilized to treat a variety of health concerns in numerous countries around the world, such as renal discomfort, constipation, diabetes mellitus, rheumatism, and hypertension. The chemical investigation resulted in the isolation and characterization of six compounds from the methanol (MeOH) extract of the leaves of Gynura procumbens, which were identified as phytol (1), lupeol (2), stigmasterol (3), friedelanol acetate (4), β-amyrin (5), and a mixture of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol (6). In-depth investigations of the high-resolution 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic data from the isolated compounds, along with comparisons to previously published data, were used to clarify their structures. Among these, the occurrence of Compounds 1 and 4 in this plant are reported for the first time. The crude methanolic extract (CME) and its different partitionates, i.e., petroleum ether (PESF), chloroform (CSF), ethyl acetate (EASF), and aqueous (AQSF) soluble fractions, were subjected to antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, and anti-diabetic activities. In a DPPH free radical scavenging assay, EASF showed the maximum activity, with an IC50 value of 10.78 µg/mL. On the other hand, CSF displayed the highest cytotoxic effect with an LC50 value of 1.94 µg/mL compared to 0.464 µg/mL for vincristine sulphate. In a thrombolytic assay, the crude methanolic extract exhibited the highest activity (63.77%) compared to standard streptokinase (70.78%). During the assay for anti-diabetic activity, the PESF showed 70.37% of glucose-lowering activity, where standard glibenclamide showed 63.24% of glucose-reducing activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoencapsulation of G. procumbens with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is intended to increase anti-dengue activity and prevent its bioactive deterioration. The particle size of Ga-NPs was 161.00 ± 2.17 nm with a PDI value of 0.33 ± 0.02 while the particle size of Gp-NPs was 136.33 ± 0.47 nm with a PDI value of 0.34 ± 0.01. Those indicated both Ga-NPs and Gp-NPs had a homogeneous particle size distribution. Moreover, both nanocapsules showed stability at 30-100oC but were less stable at high pH and salt concentrations. Ga-NPs have a %LE (96.236 ± 1.156%) higher than the %LE of Gp-NPs (95.567 ± 0.334 %), but release of Gp-NPs is better than Ga-NPs. G. procumbens extract, Ga-NPs, and Gp-NPs exhibited anti-dengue activity with IC50 values of 11.22, 7.67, and 12.75 µg/mL, respectively. However, Ga-NPs and Gp-NPs are more potent because they have higher SI values with low cytotoxicity (CC50) compared to G. procumbens extract. Herein, nanoencapsulation of G. procumbens is proved to increase bioavailability and controlled release and allow precision targeting of bioactive compounds to enhance bioactivity activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gynura procumbens is a traditional herb and food extensively cultivated in China and Southeast Asian countries. This study was designed to determine the content of the main chemical components and elucidate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of G. procumbens flowers extracts (GPFE). GPFE was rich in flavonoids and phenolics and exhibited great reducing power as well as strong scavenging ability of ABTS+ and DPPH radicals. The pro-inflammatory factors including IL-6, IL-1β, NO, TNF-α, PGE2 and their mRNA transcriptions were strongly inhibited with the treatment of GPFE in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Meanwhile, GPFE could attenuate the inflammation via suppressing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and downregulating the MAPK signalling pathways. Furthermore, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C isolated from GPFE all had a high content and showed potent anti-inflammatory activities. Our findings suggest that GPFE could be used as a natural anti-inflammatory agent.

In Indonesia, Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr., known as Longevity Spinach or Sambung Nyawa, is commonly grown in tropical and subtropical Asian countries. Many biological activities of G. procumbens have been reported. As we know, the composition and concentration of metabolites, as well as plant parts will significantly affect the biological activities. In this work, UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS was used for the putative identification of metabolites present in 70% ethanol extract of G. procumbens leaves and stem extract. Also, we performed clustering of G. procumbens leaves and stem extracts using principal component analysis (PCA) with the peak area of the identified metabolites as the variable. Thirty-one metabolites were identified, and the number of identified peaks in the leaves is higher than in the stem. Those identified metabolites are phenolics, fatty acids, oxo monocarboxylic acids, porphyrins, and chlorophyll fragments. The PCA results showed that the leaves and stem extracts could be grouped, indicating that the composition and concentration of detected compounds differed.

Gynura procumbens has been widely used to treat several health disorders, such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, diabetes, and allergies. This study aimed to determine the flavonoid content of G. procumbens cultured in a balloon-type bubble bioreactor using various sucrose concentrations (10, 30, and 50 g/L) and explant densities (5, 10, and 15 explants). The plant parts used were stem nodes of G. procumbens, grown in a balloon-type bubble bioreactor using Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid media with IAA 2 mg/L and BAP 4 mg/L. The total flavonoid content was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (λ= 510 nm), and the flavonoid profile was tested using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The administration of 10 g/L sucrose produced the highest total flavonoid production. In the treatment of explant density, the most increasing total flavonoid production was obtained in the treatment of 5 explants. The TLC results showed that each treatment forms spots like standard. This study proved that sucrose and explant densities culture on balloon-type bubble bioreactor method had optimized the production of flavonoids of plant shoots of G. procumbens culture.

Introduction:Gynura procumbens is an important medicinal plant that contains different types of chemical constituents that show tremendous curative effects.

Gynura procumbens is a traditional herb and food extensively cultivated in China and Southeast Asian countries. This study was designed to determine the content of the main chemical components and elucidate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of G. procumbens flowers extracts (GPFE). GPFE was rich in flavonoids and phenolics and exhibited great reducing power as well as strong scavenging ability of ABTS+ and DPPH radicals. The pro-inflammatory factors including IL-6, IL-1β, NO, TNF-α, PGE2 and their mRNA transcriptions were strongly inhibited with the treatment of GPFE in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Meanwhile, GPFE could attenuate the inflammation via suppressing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and downregulating the MAPK signalling pathways. Furthermore, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C isolated from GPFE all had a high content and showed potent anti-inflammatory activities. Our findings suggest that GPFE could be used as a natural anti-inflammatory agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently there has been increase in patronage of herbal medicine due to economic constrain particularly among low income earners in the developing countries such as Nigeria. Gynura procumbens, (Molucan spinach) is widely used in traditional medicine for treatment of wide ailments such as fever, malaria, anti-glycaemic, rheumatism, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer, kidney diseases, anti-inflammatory, constipation, male sterility and body pain among others. This study reviews the ethnobotanical and pharmaceutical properties of G. procumbens (Lour.) Merr hence provided some data and information on the biological activity of G. procumbens which evaluated and validated its efficacy and safety in the treatment of different ailments. Based on the traditional uses of G. procumbens, the specie appears to possess high therapeutic potential for treatment of various diseases hence making it a target for pharmacological studies. Despite the knowledge and use of ethnomedicine the current scientific evidence on biological activities of G. procumbens remain scanty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The anti‐cancer effects of Gynura procumbens leaves extract (GPE) have been reported in various human cancers. However, the anti‐cancer effects and molecular mechanisms of this extract on canine mammary cancer (CMC) have not yet been elucidated. Objectives The main goal of this study was to investigate the anti‐cancer properties of GPE against two CMC cell lines (CHMp‐13a and CHMp‐5b). Methods The GP leaves were extracted with 80% ethanol. Anti‐cancer potentials of GPE on CHMp‐13a and CHMp‐5b cancer cell lines using dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT), wound healing, transwell migration, and caspase 3/7 activity assays were evaluated. The mRNA expression levels of two oncogenes: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST) and one tumour suppressor gene: phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in these cell lines were determined by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). In addition, The EGFR and PTEN protein levels as well as protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation levels expression were also evaluated by western blot analysis. Results The results showed that GPE caused a significant concentration‐ and time‐dependent reduction in cell proliferation of both CHMp‐13a and CHMp‐5b cells, detected by MTT assays. This extract also significantly suppressed cancer cell migration in both cell lines, tested by wound healing and transwell migration assays. Additionally, the increase in caspase 3/7 activity observed in both CMC cell treated with GPE suggests that GPE induced caspase 3/7 dependent apoptosis. Moreover, GPE significantly decreased EGFR mRNA and protein expression levels compared to control in both cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner. Conclusion These findings emphasized that GPE has an in vitro anti‐cancer activity against CMC by inhibiting EGFR signalling pathway. Thus, GPE may serve as an alternative therapy in CMC with high EGFR expression.

Introduction: Gynura procumbens (Lorr.) Merr. (GP) displays cardio-protective effect, which may hinder atherogenesis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and leukocytes. The current study was undertaken to elucidate the chemical constituents of GP ethanol extract and its aqueous, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions, and their effects on CD4+ T cell differentiation during atherogenesis. Methods: Initially, the bioactive constituents in GP ethanol extract and its fractions were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Generated mouse bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDC) were loaded with oxLDL and GP ethanol extract and its fractions for 24 hours and co-cultured with mouse CD4+ T cells for 72 hours. For the determination of T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt, Foxp3, DLL-3, and Jagged-1 mRNA gene expression, the floating cells (CD4+ T cells) and adherence cells (BMDC) were isolated from their total RNAs and reverse transcribed into cDNA.Results: GC-MS analysis showed that GP ethanol extract and its fractions contained various volatile compounds. GP ethanol extract and its fractions also increased the DLL-3 gene but suppressed Jagged-1 gene expression in oxLDL-treated BMDC. Furthermore, GP ethanol extract and its fractions suppressed T-bet, GATA-3, and RORγt gene expression but increased the expression of the Foxp3 gene in differentiated CD4 + T cells. Conclusion: GP ethanol extract and its fractions are composed of various bioactive chemical components that can induce anti-atherogenic effects by inhibiting pro-atherogenic cells such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells while increasing anti-atherogenic cells, Treg cells.

Recently there has been increase in patronage of herbal medicine due to economic constrain particularly among low income earners in the developing countries such as Nigeria. Gynura procumbens, (Molucan spinach) is widely used in traditional medicine for treatment of wide ailments such as fever, malaria, anti-glycaemic, rheumatism, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer, kidney diseases, anti-inflammatory, constipation, male sterility and body pain among others. This study reviews the ethnobotanical and pharmaceutical properties of G. procumbens (Lour.) Merr hence provided some data and information on the biological activity of G. procumbens which evaluated and validated its efficacy and safety in the treatment of different ailments. Based on the traditional uses of G. procumbens, the specie appears to possess high therapeutic potential for treatment of various diseases hence making it a target for pharmacological studies. Despite the knowledge and use of ethnomedicine the current scientific evidence on biological activities of G. procumbens remain scanty.

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exposure to cadmium (Cd) could increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in expression of antioxidant genes. Gynura procumbens is a medicinal plant that is rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The aimed of study to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of G. procumbens adventitious root (GAR) extract against Cd toxicity, especially expression rate of hepatic antioxidant genes. Twenty-five male mice were treated as follows: P1 (control), P2 (Cd100mg/L), P3 (GAR100mg/L + Cd100mg/L), P4 (GAR200mg/L + Cd100mg/L), and P5 (GAR300mg/L + Cd100mg/L). The samples (blood and liver) were collected for analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and their relative gene expression were determined. The hematological assay showed Cd-treated administered with GAR extract increased the number of red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), but reduced the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In addition, the GAR extract decreased the MDA production, but increased the activities of SOD and CAT. These enzymatic activities were positively correlated with their respective gene transcripts. Our study revealed that GAR extract administration showed marked hepatoprotective effects against Cd-induced oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leaves of Annona muricata (sirsak), Gynura procumbens (sambung nyawa), and Typhonium flagelliforme (keladi tikus) have been used as traditional medicines in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the antioxidant capacity and putatively identified phenolics from the leaves of three medicinal plants forementioned above. We used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method for measuring radical scavenging (antioxidant assay) while the phenolics profiling was determined using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. The results showed that the percentage of radical scavenging activity of G. procumbens leaves extract in ethanol was higher than the other two plants. Phenolics profiling of the three medicinal plants was identified with 38 compounds belonging to flavones and flavanols hydroxycinnamic acid, and several other groups. The number of metabolites identified putatively was 12, 31, and 19 metabolites in the extracts of A. muricata, G. procumbens, and T. flagelliforme, respectively. The results confirmed the correlation between the phenolics presence and the antioxidant capacity of three plants used in this study.

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. (Family: Asteraceae) is a tropical Asian medicinal plant found in Thailand, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. It has long been utilized to treat a variety of health concerns in numerous countries around the world, such as renal discomfort, constipation, diabetes mellitus, rheumatism, and hypertension. The chemical investigation resulted in the isolation and characterization of six compounds from the methanol (MeOH) extract of the leaves of Gynura procumbens, which were identified as phytol (1), lupeol (2), stigmasterol (3), friedelanol acetate (4), β-amyrin (5), and a mixture of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol (6). In-depth investigations of the high-resolution 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic data from the isolated compounds, along with comparisons to previously published data, were used to clarify their structures. Among these, the occurrence of Compounds 1 and 4 in this plant are reported for the first time. The crude methanolic extract (CME) and its different partitionates, i.e., petroleum ether (PESF), chloroform (CSF), ethyl acetate (EASF), and aqueous (AQSF) soluble fractions, were subjected to antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, and anti-diabetic activities. In a DPPH free radical scavenging assay, EASF showed the maximum activity, with an IC50 value of 10.78 µg/mL. On the other hand, CSF displayed the highest cytotoxic effect with an LC50 value of 1.94 µg/mL compared to 0.464 µg/mL for vincristine sulphate. In a thrombolytic assay, the crude methanolic extract exhibited the highest activity (63.77%) compared to standard streptokinase (70.78%). During the assay for anti-diabetic activity, the PESF showed 70.37% of glucose-lowering activity, where standard glibenclamide showed 63.24% of glucose-reducing activity.

Background: The anti‐cancer effects of Gynura procumbens leaves extract (GPE) have been reported in various human cancers. However, the anti‐cancer effects and molecular mechanisms of this extract on canine mammary cancer (CMC) have not yet been elucidated. Objectives: The main goal of this study was to investigate the anti‐cancer properties of GPE against two CMC cell lines (CHMp‐13a and CHMp‐5b). Methods: The GP leaves were extracted with 80% ethanol. Anti‐cancer potentials of GPE on CHMp‐13a and CHMp‐5b cancer cell lines using dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT), wound healing, transwell migration, and caspase 3/7 activity assays were evaluated. The mRNA expression levels of two oncogenes: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST) and one tumour suppressor gene: phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in these cell lines were determined by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). In addition, The EGFR and PTEN protein levels as well as protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation levels expression were also evaluated by western blot analysis. Results: The results showed that GPE caused a significant concentration‐ and time‐dependent reduction in cell proliferation of both CHMp‐13a and CHMp‐5b cells, detected by MTT assays. This extract also significantly suppressed cancer cell migration in both cell lines, tested by wound healing and transwell migration assays. Additionally, the increase in caspase 3/7 activity observed in both CMC cell treated with GPE suggests that GPE induced caspase 3/7 dependent apoptosis. Moreover, GPE significantly decreased EGFR mRNA and protein expression levels compared to control in both cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner. Conclusion: These findings emphasized that GPE has an in vitro anti‐cancer activity against CMC by inhibiting EGFR signalling pathway. Thus, GPE may serve as an alternative therapy in CMC with high EGFR expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Phytochemicals of Gynura procumbens (GP) were determined. • The ethyl acetate fraction (EA-F) exhibited significant antioxidant activity. • The α-amylase and α-glucosidase were potentially inhibited by the GP-EA-F. • GP-EA-F augmented the glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. • The presence of phytochemicals in GP-EA-F analyzed by LC–MS/MS. This work aimed to evaluate the phytochemicals, antioxidants, antidiabetic, and biocompatibility of methanolic extract and its various solvent fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, methanol/water) of Gynura procumbens (GP). Among the extract/fractions, ethyl acetate fraction (EA-F) exhibited the higher total phenol content (88.52 ± 1.21 GAE μg/g) and total flavonoid content (51.69 ± 1.16 QE μg/g) with higher DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, and enzyme inhibition activities. The IC 50 of GP-EA-F were 144 ± 12.1 μg/mL for DPPH scavenging, 72 ± 2 μg/mL for ABTS+ scavenging, 90.7 ± 2.5 μg/mL for α-glucosidase inhibition and 136 ± 4 μg/mL for α-amylase inhibition. Also, GP-EA-F augmented the glucose uptake in insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cells. Besides, the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC/QTOF-MS/MS) analysis revealed the presence of phytochemicals including kaempferol, quercetin, caffeoyl- O -hexoside, caffeoylquinic acid, coumaroyl- O -hexoside, and coumaroylquinic acid in GP-EA-F. Further, the molecular docking analysis demonstrated the strong molecular interaction between the digestive enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) and selected molecules. Hence, this work concluded that GP-EA-F contains potent antidiabetic molecules which deserved further isolation, purification, and pharmacological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gynura procumbens (GP) grows abundantly in Southeast Asia. The present work was conducted to investigate the cardioprotective potential of ethanol extract of GP on cardiac markers, antioxidant levels, and histopathology of isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI). A total of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups. Treatments were given via oral gavage for 28 days: two groups were given normal saline 0.9%; two groups were given GP250 mg/kg/day- and two groups were given GP500 mg/kg/day. On day 27 and 28, MI was induced with a subcutaneous injection of 85 mg/kg isoproterenol. The rats were sacrificed 48 h after the 1st injection. Cardiac markers, lipid peroxidation, oxidative status, and histopathological analyses were evaluated. Isoproterenol significantly increased the levels of troponin T, creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CKMB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly decreased. In addition, the histopathological findings showed a necrosis of the myocardium as evidenced by neutrophil infiltration, and interstitial oedema with acceleration of apoptosis in MI. Interestingly, treatment with GP restored the levels of troponin T, LDH, MDA, SOD, and catalase significantly. Moreover, GP preserved the myocardial architecture while decreasing both necrosis and apoptosis. GP has the potential to limit myocardial injury after MI, and this is most likely achieved through its modulation of antioxidant enzyme activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gynura procumbens (GP) is a herbal medicinal plant of South-East Asian origin, popularly recognised as ‘Sambung nyawa’. The plant has been used traditionally to treat various diseases including hypertension. The anti-hypertensive activity of this plant has also been scientifically proven both in vivo and in vitro yet the investigation on its mechanisms of actions remains limited. Our previous study has demonstrated the vasodilatory action of both aqueous and methanol GP extracts possibly via activation of the cholinergic pathway and that kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside is the active ingredient responsible in mediating this effect. Hence, in this study we further confirm the involvement of the cholinergic pathway by using several pharmacological interventions, focusing on the downstream mechanism of this pathway. Our results showed that in the presence of endothelium, GP extracts induced vasodilation via activation of the muscarinic M3 receptors. However, in the absence of endothelium, GP mediated vasodilation possibly via stimulation of other muscarinic receptors and/or involvement of nicotinic receptors, a speculation that needs further investigations. GP-induced relaxation was markedly inhibited by nitric oxide (NO) blocker, L-NAME, suggesting that GP elicited ACh endothelium-dependent relaxation by producing NO in rat aortic rings. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the vasodilatory effect of GP extracts appears to be mediated via cholinergic pathway.

Background: Gynura procumbens , a well-known traditional herb, has been studied to be an effective chemotherapeutic agent against a wide range of cancer cell types., Case Description: A 7-year-old chihuahua dog was presented to the veterinary teaching hospital with multiple cutaneous MCT grade III masses found on the cranial aspect of the right front leg and the dorsal aspect of the neck/back. Local excision of all cutaneous tumors was performed followed by chemotherapy (vinblastine, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide) every 21-day interval for 9 treatments. Nearby 3 months later, recurrent MCT was observed and lomustine was used instead for 21-day intervals. During the first chemotherapy, the dog had a fever, weak, lethargy, and vomiting. Alternative natural therapy is preferred, the dog has been receiving G. procumbens daily. The dog responded well to this herbal treatment. These recurrent masses began to shrink after a few weeks of treatment. After several months of treatment, all masses were completely gone. Moreover, no micro-metastasis to the lungs, spleen, and liver were detected., Conclusion: This natural herbal was helpful to stop the growth of tumors, to prevent micro-metastasis, and to relieve the patient's symptoms., Competing Interests: The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.

This study focused to assess the efficacy of Gynura procumbens (GP) leaf extract against cisplatin (CP)-induced hepatorenal complications in Wister albino rats. Additionally, it aims to detect polyphenolic compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). The rats were treated intraperitoneally with CP (7.5 mg/kg) to mediate hepatorenal damage. They were then treated with GP extract (75 and 150 mg/kg, P.O.) for 7 consecutive days. Although GP extract significantly ameliorated CP-mediated hepatorenal biomarkers like alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in a dose-dependent manner, GP extract at 150 mg/kg dose normalized hepatorenal biomarkers ALP (45.11 U/L), ALT (34 U/L), AST (29 U/L), creatinine (10.3 mg/dl) and BUN (11.19 mg/dl) while comparing to control and disease group. Similarly, though it significantly reduced CP-induced oxidative stress inducers, including nitric oxide (NO) and advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP), higher dose (150 mg/kg) exhibited better activity in reducing NO (281.54 mmol/gm tissue in liver and 52.73 mmol/gm tissue in the kidney) and AOPP (770.95 mmol/mg protein in liver and 651.90 mmol/mg protein in the kidney). Besides, it showed better enhancement in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, and glutathione levels at a higher dose (150 mg/kg). Histopathological studies showed that CP caused collagen accumulation in the liver and kidney tissues. GP extract drained the collagen mass and acted against hepatorenal damage. Ellagic acid, gallic acid, quercetin hydrate, kaempferol, and rutin hydrate were revealed in GP extract. In-silico modelling showed good docking scores of the polyphenolic compounds with molecular targets including CYP4502E1, NF-κB, caspase-3, and TNF-α. GP could be an effective therapeutic option for management of anticancer drugs' complications like CP-induced organ damage, although clinical studies are required to establish herbal formulation., (© 2024 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

The study was carried out to examine the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilisation on phytochemical content quality, to determine types of phytochemicals compositions, and to establish phytochemicals marker compounds in Gynura procumbens. In this two factors study, three stages of harvesting (H) time and three rates of N were laid out according to Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD). Physiological and biochemical attributes were recorded to exhibit the trend for plant quality. The results showed that, N has affected phytochemical content significantly (p < 0.05) with stronger effect on physiological and biochemical attributes (p < 0.01). The results suggested that 0 and 90 kg/ha N, respectively are highly and least effecting the Photo, Cond, TChlC, TCC, TPrc, TLiC, TPC and TFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of both the in vitro and in vivo plant part extracts of the medicinal plant Gynura procumbens . An effective protocol for regeneration and callus formation was developed using nodal segments and regenerated leaf explants, respectively. The highest fresh and dry weight calli were produced after four weeks of culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg/L BAP and 2.0 mg/L NAA, while the most shoots were produced on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L IAA. The in vitro shoots developed roots on MS media with 0.1 mg/L IBA. The antibacterial activity of extracts against various bacteria was examined to determine their significance ( p  < 0.05). The least significant difference (LSD) test results showed that the regenerated leaf extract had the highest antibacterial activity while the callus extract had the lowest. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were also established. Regenerated leaf extract had the highest toxicity and the lowest lethal concentration (LC50) value (1.21 ± 0.03 μg/mL) in a brine shrimp lethality bioassay. In contrast, callus extract had the lowest toxicity and the highest LC50 (11.09 ± 0.4 μg/mL). In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity test results revealed that the callus and field leaf extracts had anti-cell-proliferative properties. The regenerated leaf and stem extract, however, could induce cell growth., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Gynura procumbens is an edible flowering plant that has been utilized as traditional therapy for numerous diseases. The current experiment investigates the hepatoprotective potentials of the ethanol extract of Gynura procumbens leaf (EEGPL) against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 clusters: A, rats received orally 10% Tween 80 and intraperitoneal (i.p) inoculation of sterile distal water; B, rats received orally10% Tween 80; C, rats received orally daily 50 mg/kg of silymarin, while groups; D and E, rats received orally daily doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg of EEGPL, respectively. Furthermore, B-E clusters received 200 mg/kg thioacetamide (i.p) three times a week for 60 days. The liver gross morphology of rats that received only TAA (B) revealed irregular rough surface layers compared to smoother livers of rats that received EEGPL. Histopathology of group B revealed clear hepatic necrosis and fibrous connective tissue, which were significantly reduced in C-E groups. EEGPL treatment caused a significant down-regulation of PCNA and α-SMA protein expressions. Antioxidant (SOD and CAT) enzymes in hepatic homogeneity were meaningfully lower, and MDA levels were significantly higher in TAA controls compared to those of C-E groups. Moreover, EEGPL treatment caused a reduction of TNF-α and IL-6 and increased expression of IL-10 cytokines. Therefore, the hepatoprotective potentials of EEGPL might be contributed to its modulation of detoxification enzymes, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Our previous studies found that the ethanol extract of Gynura procumbens (EEGS) reduced hepatic steatosis in alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD). To explore the active ingredients from EEGS and their relevant mechanism of action in alleviating alcoholic liver injuries. To explore the active ingredients from EEGS and their intestinal absorption characteristics as an approach for understanding mechanism of action in alleviating alcoholic liver injuries. Monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), chemical constituents from the prepared EEGS were isolated by means of solvent extraction, repeated column chromatography, preparative HPLC and other methods, and their structures were identified based on spectroscopic methods. The in vivo intestinal absorption rate of chlorogenic acid (CA), the active component of the EEGS, both in a single form and in the EEGS were monitored by the single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) method in rats. The protective effect of EEGS and its active components on alcoholic liver injuries was evaluated in the alcoholic liver injury model of C57BL/6J male mice induced by Lieber-DeCarli alcohol liquid feed. Three noncaffeoyl quinic acid components were isolated and identified from the EEGS, namely, 3-trans- p -coumaroyl quinic acid (0.9%), 3-cis- p -coumaroyl quinic acid (2.7%), and trans- p -coumaric acid (0.6%). In vivo intestinal absorption of CA decreased with the increase of pH value of perfusion solution in the range of 5.5–7.8. The maximum absorption percentage of CA alone was 6.7 ± 2.4%, while the maximum absorption percentage of CA in the EEGS was 16.0 ± 2.2%, which was 2.4 times higher than that of CA alone. The results of animal experiments showed that the degree of fatty liver of mice treated with EEGS was significantly lower than that of the CA, trans- p -coumaric acid, and the combination group of CA and trans- p -coumaric acid alone. The above results indicated that trans- p -coumaric acid isolated from the dried stems of Gynura procumbens assisted CA being absorbed into the body and worked together with CA to improve the function of liver lipid metabolism, reduce hepatic lipid accumulation in a mouse model of AFLD and effectively counteract alcohol-induced fatty liver disease. [Display omitted] • Three coumaric acids were firstly isolated from ethanol extract of Gynura procumbens. • Trans- p -coumaric acid can improve the intestinal absorption of chlorogenic acid (CA). • Trans- p -coumaric acid together with CA play a reversal effect of AFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. (GP) is a herbaceous plant that grows in Malaysia and other parts of Southeast Asia. The herb is consumed as a remedy for various inflammatory-associated diseases, such as cancer, rheumatism, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. Scientific studies demonstrate that GP extract possesses cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Cardiovascular disease is mainly caused by atherosclerosis, and inflammation plays a major role in all phases of atherosclerosis. The early inflammatory events in atherogenesis are the activation of endothelial cells and the recruitment of monocytes. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of 80% ethanol extract of GP leaves (GPE) on the adherence of monocytes to the activated human endothelial cells and its underlying mechanism. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extract were carried out by using a validated HPLC and UHPLC-MS/MS methods. The MTT test was used to select the range of concentration of extract for this study. The effect of GPE on TNF-α-induced monocyte-endothelial interaction was determined by the in vitro adhesion assay. Expression of cell surface proteins (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were determined by western blot, while expression of a chemokine (MCP-1) was identified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HPLC and UHPLC-MS/MS analyses indicated that GPE contained chlorogenic acid, nicotiflorin and astragalin as the major compounds. GPE at 20, 40 and 60 μg/mL concentrations showed a significant reduction in monocyte adherence to endothelial cells and expression of ICAM-1 and MCP-1. However, only GPE at concentrations of 40 and 60 μg/mL was able to reduce VCAM-1 expression. Furthermore, GPE significantly inhibited IKKα/β, IκBα, NF-κB phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation. In conclusion, GPE may inhibit monocyte adherence to the activated endothelial cells and expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MCP-1, which are important proteins for monocyte-endothelial interaction, by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. The results of this study support the traditional use of GPE to counteract inflammation-associated diseases and suggest that GP can be a potential source for bioactive compounds for the development of anti-inflammatory agents to prevent atherosclerosis. [Display omitted] • Gynura procumbens reduced monocyte adhesion to human endothelial cells. • It inhibited expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MCP-1. • It inhibited IKKα/β, IκBα, NF-κB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. • It reduced adhesion molecule and chemokine production by inhibiting NF-κB activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quorum sensing (QS) enables virulence factors in bacteria for biofilm formation and pathogenic invasion. Therefore, quorum quenching (QQ), disruption of QS circuit, becomes an alternative antimicrobial therapy. In this study, leaf extract of Gynura procumbens (GP) was used to inhibit biofilm and virulent factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The extract inhibited the biofilm production ( p ≤ 0.05 ) in P. aeruginosa strains MZ2F and MZ4A. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was recorded at 250 and 500 μg/ml while total activity was found at 288 and 144 ml/g, respectively. Moreover, a significant reduction of virulence factors ( p ≤ 0.05 ) at sub-MBEC without affecting the growth implies the QQ action of the extract. The bioactive fractions were rich in polyphenols and tentatively identified as quercetin and myricetin (R f =0.53-0.60). Furthermore, we employed computational methods to validate our findings and their interactions with QS receptors (LasR and RhlR). Interestingly, docking studies have also shown that quercetin and myricetin are the promising anti-QS agents out of 31 GP compounds. Notably, their binding affinity ranged between -9.77 and -10.52 kcal/mol for both QS receptors, with controls ranging from -5.40 to -8.97 kcal/mol. Besides, ΔG of quercetin and myricetin with LasR was -71.56 and -74.88 kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, compounds were suitable drug candidates with stable binding interactions. Therefore, the anti-QS activity of GP leaves and the identified polyphenols can be used in developing QQ-based therapeutics. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Gynura procumbens (GP) is a herbal medicinal plant of South-East Asian origin, popularly recognised as 'Sambung nyawa'. The plant has been used traditionally to treat various diseases including hypertension. The anti-hypertensive activity of this plant has also been scientifically proven both in vivo and in vitro yet the investigation on its mechanisms of actions remains limited. Our previous study has demonstrated the vasodilatory action of both aqueous and methanol GP extracts possibly via activation of the cholinergic pathway and that kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside is the active ingredient responsible in mediating this effect. Hence, in this study we further confirm the involvement of the cholinergic pathway by using several pharmacological interventions, focusing on the downstream mechanism of this pathway. Our results showed that in the presence of endothelium, GP extracts induced vasodilation via activation of the muscarinic M 3 receptors. However, in the absence of endothelium, GP mediated vasodilation possibly via stimulation of other muscarinic receptors and/or involvement of nicotinic receptors, a speculation that needs further investigations. GP-induced relaxation was markedly inhibited by nitric oxide (NO) blocker, L -NAME, suggesting that GP elicited ACh endothelium-dependent relaxation by producing NO in rat aortic rings. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the vasodilatory effect of GP extracts appears to be mediated via cholinergic pathway. • Gynura procumbens (GP) relaxes the blood vessels via a cholinergic pathway mediated by kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside • With endothelium, GP mediates vasodilation by acting on muscarinic M 3 cholinergic receptors via nitric oxide • Without endothelium, GP mediates contraction by acting on muscarinic M 2 cholinergic receptors • GP induces relaxation via muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors present in vascular smooth muscles [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]