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Drawing on the life writing genres of autoethnography and autotheory, this article reflects on the author's enduring friendships with research participants in El Salvador and Cuba through the seminal anthropological concept of the gift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying associations between phenotype and genotype is the fundamental basis of genetic analyses. Inspired by frequentist probability and the work of R. A. Fisher, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) extract information using averages and variances from genotype-phenotype datasets. Averages and variances are legitimated upon creating distribution density functions obtained through the grouping of data into categories. However, as data from within a given category cannot be differentiated, the investigative power of such methodologies is limited. Genomic informational field theory (GIFT) is a method specifically designed to circumvent this issue. The way GIFT proceeds is opposite to that of GWAS. Although GWAS determines the extent to which genes are involved in phenotype formation (bottom-up approach), GIFT determines the degree to which the phenotype can select microstates (genes) for its subsistence (top-down approach). Doing so requires dealing with new genetic concepts, a.k.a. genetic paths, upon which significance levels for genotype-phenotype associations can be determined. By using different datasets obtained in Ovis aries related to bone growth (dataset 1) and to a series of linked metabolic and epigenetic pathways (dataset 2), we demonstrate that removing the informational barrier linked to categories enhances the investigative and discriminative powers of GIFT, namely that GIFT extracts more information than GWAS. We conclude by suggesting that GIFT is an adequate tool to study how phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation are linked. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: The genetic basis of complex traits remains challenging to investigate using classic genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Given the success of gene editing technologies, this point needs to be addressed urgently since there can only be useful editing technologies whether precise genotype-phenotype mapping information is available initially. Genomic informational field theory (GIFT) is a new mapping method designed to increase the investigative power of biological/medical datasets suggesting, in turn, the need to rethink the conceptual bases of quantitative genetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To increase charitable donations, not-for-profit organisations sometimes include a pre-giving incentive such as a monetary gift alongside a request to donate. Little is known about how monetary pre-giving incentives impact subsequent donation intentions, particularly for young consumers who are an important market for the not-for-profit sector. Using the principles of reciprocity, this paper aims to examine whether the value of monetary pre-giving incentives induces obligation (i.e. a negative psychological state) and/or gratitude (i.e. a positive psychological state) and whether this subsequently impact young consumers' initial donation amount and future donation intention. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a one-factor, three-level between-subjects experimental design (n = 274) to test the effect of different values of pre-giving incentives on gratitude, obligation, initial donation amount and future donation intentions of young consumers. Findings: Higher value pre-giving incentives increase young consumers' experience of obligation and subsequent donation intention as well as future donation intention. Unexpectedly, gratitude towards the organisation was not influenced by the value of the pre-giving incentive but did increase obligation. Originality/value: This research highlights an ethical tension about the use of pre-giving incentives to solicit donations from young consumers: while this strategy is effective, it activates an obligation that can negatively impact young consumers' wellbeing. As such, it also contributes to extending the limited empirical examination of the ethics of fundraising. Theoretically, this research extends understanding of the distinct but simultaneous mechanisms of gratitude and obligation, which has not received sufficient research attention, generated by the norm of reciprocity within the not-for-profit context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

60-days trial was performed to study the effect of inland saline water (ISW) at 10ppt salinity on lipid requirement of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) juveniles. Six purified iso-nitrogenous (37% crude protein) and hetero-caloric (380–430 Kcal DE/100 g) diets having graded levels of dietary lipid viz., 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14% were prepared. Two hundred and seventy acclimated GIFT juveniles (1.90 ± 0.1 g) were randomly distributed (15 fish per 300 L tank) into six different treatments viz., T4, T6, T8, T10, T12 and T14 in triplicates. The increase in dietary lipid resulted in an increase in body lipid and a diminution in moisture levels in fish. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in weight gain (g), percent weight gain (WG%), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) with increasing dietary lipid level up to 8% and decreased thereafter, but an opposite trend was noted in the feed conversion ratio (FCR). The serum glucose level linearly elevated with the rise in dietary lipid level, but higher lipid (beyond 8%) fed groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) more total protein in serum. Though there was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in cholesterol levels, no clear trend was observed; while other parameters viz., body indices (VSI and HSI), serum albumin, globulin and A-G ratio was not showed any significant (p > 0.05) variation with varying dietary lipid level. Based on regression models, it was observed that the optimum lipid level required for GIFT in ISW (10ppt) is in the range of 8.35–9.05%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In four studies, we found that receiving a customized gift leads recipients to appreciate the gift more highly because of vicarious feelings of pride. This vicarious pride is the same feeling that the customizer experiences after having self‐customized a product. In the first two experiments with real‐life pairs of friends, vicarious pride was documented among recipients of customized gifts. The findings show that the relationship between customization and gift appreciation is mediated by vicarious pride. Study 3 and Study 4 replicate the results of the first series of experiments, and reveal the role of vicarious pride in enhancing state self‐esteem and, in turn, gift appreciation. Study 4 also tests the effect of a relational variable (i.e., relationship anxiety) on this relationship. Specifically, relationship anxiety affects vicarious pride, and then consequently state self‐esteem and gift appreciation, which are only enhanced by customization when the relationship is not anxious. As a practical implication, this research emphasizes the importance of communicating gift customization to gift recipients to enhance their gift experience and appreciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the recent publication of Donner le tempts II, we question the status of the gift, its singularity, its relationship, beyond the intentional structure of decision and consciousness, with the general problematic of democracy and the archive, of Khora as an enigma that haunts the same Onto-Theo-Cosmological conjugation of metaphysics and logocentrism, to show that the question about the gift is also the question about history and about the very possibility of democracy, beyond the capitalist logic of accumulation and valuation. We end up referring to the strange case of the 'six pesos' thematized in Miguel Angel Asturias's novel, Hombres de maiz, as a case of the incalculable. Far from an instrumental account, but also from a providential version of the gift, we try to show it as an event always already inscribed in the abyss of our exchange relations, a possibility contained in its own impossibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I explore how the limitations of sociological and economic approaches to the gift can be exposed not only through deconstructive analysis, such as Jacques Derrida pursues in Given Time, vols. I & II, but also through the philological resources and biological conceptuality of 'metabolism'. By bridging Derrida's textual conception of survival with neurobiological and phenomenological approaches to life, I argue that what 'gift' names is nothing distinctly human but, rather, a possibility at the origin of any economization of differences, be they 'textual' or 'biological' in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Derrida's reading of Heidegger's 1962 lecture On Time and Being concludes the last session of the 1978–79 seminar published in Donner le temp II. There, Heidegger suggests that the task of thinking consists of thinking Being without regard to metaphysics, while ceasing all overcoming of metaphysics as such. What is given as the task for thought is that which onto-theology makes impossible to think, that is, the constitutive aporetic remainder of metaphysical thinking. This essay contends that for both Heidegger and Derrida the task of thought consists in this same matter of thinking, with which the question of the gift primarily deals. It maintains that in order to think the giving of the gift without regard to metaphysics, the gift could be thought in terms of anxiety. In this perspective, anxiety emerges as a thoughtful affect that gives an access to thinking the impossible, cutting through the onto-theological order of metaphysics. Finally, bringing together Heidegger and Lacan's accounts of anxiety allows us to creep deeper into this liminal dimension of what is to be thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the positive effects of family ties were studied in light of the hadiths. The library approach was used in its study, and the form of the article was descriptive and analytical. The content of this research can be summarized that maintaining independence is a duty and cutting it off is a grave sin, and by severing ties of kinship, life in this world and the hereafter is corrupted, and it is the main reason for strengthening and strengthening social relationships, as it is a reason for the forgiveness of sins. It appears from the positive effects of maintaining family ties that maintaining family ties is one of the greatest acts of closeness and obedience. Indeed, it is always obligatory and not limited to a time, and severing them is a major sin. And whoever wants to have his lifespan delayed and his livelihood extended, then he must maintain family ties, with whatever the connection has been achieved to a degree. He can, by giving them money that suffices them and meets their necessary needs, or by visiting them for the sake of God, and asking about their conditions, or by giving them a gift, and saying kind words to them, and being kind to them, and being kind to them, and so on. The extent of Islam's interest, especially the noble Prophetic Sunnah, in maintaining ties of kinship, and the commandment of the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, to keeping ties of kinship, and that he was the closest of people to his kinship. Connecting kinship is obligatory, and severing it is a major sin. Connecting kinship has many virtues, and its effects are great on the individual and society, as we demonstrated in our research, Salvao. Finally, maintaining family ties leads to an increase in lifespan and increased livelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jin Ping Mei 金瓶梅 details the legal activities in Ming society with exceptional vividness. In other pre modern Chinese literary narratives, the ending usually featured poetic justice. However, Jin Ping Mei is a novel with unique realism in Chinese fiction in that it does not have a happy ending. More importantly, the novel depicts the normal condition and rationale of life based on guanxi 关系, an informal institution that was ubiquitous in Chinese society. Guanxi is a concrete embodiment of métis in the novel. This article sets out to demonstrate the métis in Jin Ping Mei through the analysis of guanxi in two cases. It argues that Jin Ping Mei depicts guanxi as the rationale of legal activities. Through guanxi, which is achieved through the manipulation of li 禮, ganqing 感情, renqing 人情, and mianzi 面子, gifts, banquets, and intermediaries, the culprits can easily find their way out of the unfavorable condition. The blend of rationality and emotion which is embodied in guanxi is the cultural root of the manipulation in the legal activities. The narrative of legal activities in Jin Ping Mei focuses on the métis based on guanxi in microlevel society and thus achieves unprecedented realism in premodern Chinese fiction narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction. The article is the first one to conduct a comparative analysis of two economic models, reflecting previously little-studied aspects of the processes of exchange and consumption. A connection is established between the archaic paradigm of abundance and the postmodern theory of unlimitedly producing capitalism. Theoretical analysis. According to Daniel M. Bell (The Economy of Desire: Christianity and Capitalism in a Postmodern World), the economy of desire is based on overcoming the scarcity approach to the processes of production and exchange. The main goal of this economy becomes the formation of desires for consumption, and not the creation of benefits. The approach Bell describes is based on the idea of resource abundance. This brings him closer to the gift economy, which, as J. Bataille writes (“The Accursed Share”), is aimed at getting rid of attachment to material goods through transcendence. The act of giving is a waste of which only those who are not afraid of scarcity are capable. Conclusion. The author concludes that the economy of desire, although it overcomes scarcity, is nevertheless aimed at immanence, since desires force one to focus on oneself and one’s current states. In the modern world, these two models simultaneously compete, since they have attitudes that are incompatible with each other, and coexist, as the capitalist system becomes more diverse and requires new ways of relationships between subjects.

Contemporary philosophical psychoanalysis is increasingly turning to mythological stories in order to explain the phenomenon of autocommunication as a constant loss of self and encounter with self. The relevance of the article is determined by the complex superimposition of such mythological plots, requiring the involvement of certain interdisciplinary instruments of analysis in philosophical research. In the Lacanian tradition of psychoanalysis, we suggest that the story of Eurydice serves to explain Dora’s case and substantiates the autocommunicative core of experience. This plot allowed us to criticize both positivist and economic (investment, fetishism) aspects of classical psychoanalysis and to show the epistemological potential of autocommunication as overcoming the totality of the uncanny and returning «to one’s home». The aim of the article is to investigate the epistemological potential of autocommunication, to which psychoanalysis gives a narrative dimension, and the modern philosophy of the self and the alien – an axiological meaning; the task is to clarify, using the example of the newest psychoanalysis’ work with the uncanny, the limits of autocommunication as a mechanism of both seduction (Sirens) and the return of all participants of future communication to themselves (their own mind). The main method of the study was a metacritique of psychoanalysis from the perspective of general notions of the structure of experience and encounter with the other across generations. The main results of the study are that, contrary to the models of the uncanny as fear of encountering oneself or one’s place in the world, another understanding of the uncanny is possible as a choice that all people face in the continuation of the human race. In this case, the happiness of continuation of the species or creative self-realization overcomes the initial impulses of creative temptations, turning reasoning alone with oneself into a mirror of communication with others that has already taken place. The newness consists in the fact that the paper solved the main contradiction of the theory of autocommunication, which is divided into two parts: the illusion of the desire to communicate and the imperative encounter with one’s speech as a stranger, creating a situation of joint communication. It has been shown that, contrary to the common view in philosophy, this joint communication is socially determined and not at all an extension of the internal topology or structure of thought. The contradiction can be resolved by adopting the concept of «the gift of time» (Derrida), which overcomes the antinomy of exchange and gift. Directions for further research on the basis of this work imply the development of a consistent theory of autocommunication that does not reduce it to individual cases of finding the self or postulating the other and that takes into account the social framework of any communication.

If you are having a hard day, what can someone else do to help you feel better? Maybe they could verbally comfort you or maybe they could give you a small gift. In seven studies, including an in‐person real gifting study, we find that receiving a small material gift, such as a candy bar or flowers, improves receivers' affect more than a supportive conversation with a close other does. We investigate the mechanism for this effect and find that support receivers perceive a gift to be a larger sacrifice than a conversation. This occurs because gifts seem more receiver‐focused (i.e., actions done solely to benefit the receiver) than do conversations. This difference in perceived sacrifice makes gifts (vs. conversations) more effective at promoting emotional recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Money is often, but not always, considered an inappropriate gift. By considering recent insights in the social function of gratitude, we argue that the acceptability of money relies upon its capacity to evoke gratitude through conveying relational concerns. Study 1 (N = 240, US participants) revealed that monetary gifts are generally perceived as less acceptable and evoke less gratitude than non-monetary gifts of equivalent value. Furthermore, when monetary gifts were designated as specific gift coupons, they evoked more gratitude and were more acceptable. Study 2 (N = 471, Chinese participants) revealed that 520 RMB cash, symbolizing love in China, elicits increased gratitude and was therefore considered a favorable gift compared to similar amounts without such connotations. Taken together, we identify gratitude as the psychological mechanism underlying the acceptability of money and advocate for the recognition of monetary gifts with broader social, cultural, and psychological implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I endeavor to advance discussion of the symbolic "meaning" of sacrifice during the Second Temple period by examining the wisdom instruction of Ben Sira. As part of his longest exposition of his views on sacrifice, Ben Sira emphasizes the "gift" aspects of the regular, literal altar service initiated by an individual (35:6-13). Such ritual gifts sought to be "acceptable" (35:9a) and communicated a relationship of gratitude for God's prior generosity (35:11-13). These gifts may also have aimed, as the contemporaneous Samaritan inscriptions would have it, at "good remembrance" (cf. Sir 35:9b)--perhaps concretely realized as Yhwh's bestowal of benefits like healing upon his pious dependent (38:9-11). The ritual joy and generosity initiated by the individual participated in a divinely ordained temple cultus by which the cosmos was thought to be properly ordered, and contributed conceptual support for broad circles of reciprocity encompassing God, the pious Israelite, and neighbors who may never have been able to "repay" (35:3-4; cf. 29:8-13). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Maintaining stable blood supplies presents an increasing challenge for blood collection agencies (BCAs). Novel and multidisciplinary approaches and research have been called for to understand the mechanisms underlying the trends. The current body of sociological research on blood donation is a potentially valuable resource, but it is dispersed over different publications and theoretical frameworks. Materials and Methods: We conducted a scoping review of sociological research on voluntary, non‐remunerated blood donation to identify insights and practical applications for researchers and BCAs. Results: Four organizing themes were identified: donated blood, blood donors, organizations and blood service systems. Key challenges associated with the organization of voluntary blood donation exist at the institutional and systems levels, and they may not be readily resolved by interventions focussed solely on the individual donor level. We identified opportunities for organizations to build trust with donors and the public through communications and working with communities to promote inclusion in blood donation. Conclusion: The results support a multidisciplinary approach and research for BCAs to move forward and find novel ways to ensure safe, resilient blood service systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elderly people make up an increasingly large part of society and the Church. The theme of old age is also increasingly present in papal teaching. This is evidenced, for example, by the series of Wednesday Catecheses on old age delivered by Pope Francis in 2022, or by the establishment of the World Day for Grandparents and the Elderly. Given the importance of the presence of the elderly, this article aims to present old age in the perspective of faith, and the importance of the presence of the elderly in the life of the Church. The author will therefore focus, first and foremost, on the view of old age as a time of thanksgiving and gratitude to God for the gift of life, for the goods received, the experiences lived, and the people encountered. Viewed from the perspective of faith, old age is also a time of preparation for death and for meeting the Risen Christ. It is therefore a time to adopt a new outlook on faith and the call to holiness. Old age is, at the same time, a period of life in which individuals can still contribute a lot to the life of the family, society, and the Church through their commitment, service, bearing witness to the faith, bearing witness to the Gospel and the values that flow from living the Gospel, through works of charity and, above all, through sharing the awareness that life is a beautiful gift from God that is worth using well and wisely. And, through the wisdom gained over the many years of their lives, elderly people become authentic witnesses of God's love. The experience of long life and gratitude for this gift is not only relevant to Catholics and Christians, but has a universal appeal, since in any society, regardless of faith, human life should also be valued in old age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The security of information being transmitted through wireless communication is of vital importance. Authenticated encryption aims to provide security through the confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data transmitted. Wireless sensor nodes have their own operational constraints, which makes the security algorithm light in terms of area and low power consumption. In this work, a novel architecture of authenticated encryption is proposed that combines the lightweight symmetric block cipher GIFT for encryption and the SPONGE function for authentication. Iterative architectures of GIFT-64 and GIFT-128 are proposed and implemented with minimum resources and better throughput on various FPGA devices. Moreover, two hash functions, namely Spongift-56 and Spongift-112, are also proposed and implemented with minimum resources. A perfect combination of the proposed iterative GIFT architecture and the Spongift function is a better choice for authenticated encryption to be deployed in resource-constrained environments like wireless sensor nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The findings of anthropologists who have studied the practice of gifting in the process from potlaç to the present day show that gift giving is a common and functional social behaviour in all societies. Giving gifts and having gifts in return are considered by sociologists as the most effective way to interact decisively between individuals. There is a consensus among disciplines that strong bonds are formed between individuals through the act of gift giving. Therefore, gifting is a characteristic feature of human relations in all cultures. Although it varies by culture, people give gifts on birthdays, births, new years, weddings, wedding anniversaries, promotions, retirements, and to welcome or bid farewell to a neighbour moving into or out of a neighbourhood or apartment building. In addition to these universal gift-giving behaviors, in our culture, it is quite common to bring food during feasts, to those going to the military, to those going on pilgrimage to Mecca or Umrah, to children undergoing circumcision, during teething ceremonies, and to households in mourning. In addition, various gifts are given on special occasions (such as Mother’s Day, Father's Day and Valentine's Day, Teachers' Day). In these gifting practices, gifts and celebration activities given to the newborn before and after birth, taking into account their needs, occupy an important place. In our culture, the behaviour of giving postpartum gifts continues from the past to the present as a traditional practice. Gift giving to the newborn, which occupies an important place in Turkish culture, has taken on a pretentious appearance, taking on completely different meanings at the point when the consumer society came. In consumption societies, this ostentatious consumption is manifested by “baby shower”, which has begun to become widespread, especially in recent years. Contrary to the proverb “don’t count your chickens before they hatch”, imported celebration and gift acts such as “baby shower” have become a fact with the imposition of consumer culture. The posts and liked presentations shared by media influencers through social media networks are increasingly being adopted by the public, and 'Baby Shower' parties are showing a tendency to increase. Hence, social media phenomena (Blogger, vlogger, youtuber, influencer, Instagrammer, etc.) there is a linear relationship between consumption patterns and consumption habits of individuals. In this study, it is discussed the point where gift giving and celebration activities that start before the baby is born and continue after birth come in the consumer society. In the study, the meaning of gifting in Turkish society with its general features, the value of the child, the practice of giving gifts and celebrating are discussed. The study concludes that some gifts and celebration practices change due to the influence of consumption culture, while some practices are imported from Western societies. Traditionally, 'Baby Shower' parties meant the socialization of the expectant mother, equipping her with the knowledge she would need while raising her baby. However, nowadays, they have completely fallen under the influence of consumer culture. Therefore, gift-giving and celebrations have turned into a means of power display and authority establishment, rather than contributing to the needs of the other party. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines rituals of gift exchange in the North Indian state of Awadh in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. It draws parallels between the gifting practices of the Nawabs and the English East India Company and examines how specific objects were selected to perform the role of gifts. It explores the practice of gift exchange where objects emerged as sites on which power was asserted, subverted and contested. In studying gifts, the aim is to delve into the institutional and ceremonial significance attributed to objects which made them the site of diplomatic encounters. The range of objects that were brought within the lexicon of gifts, and the power struggles that marked this process, inform the discussion. In exploring these themes, the paper addresses the larger question of how objects were imagined by political powers and the multiple ways in which meanings were added onto and erased from objects over the course of their circulation as gifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his recently published Donner le temps II, Derrida raises, but does not develop, the possibility that Heidegger's notion of Gelassenheit ('releasement', 'letting-be') might escape the economic confines of exchange, debt, and repayment and therefore qualify as a pure gift. In this paper, I explore this possibility, explaining that Gelassenheit would have to be understood, first, not primarily as a human comportment but at the level of being itself, second, beyond appropriation, and third, as 'without why'. If Heidegger's focus on appropriation in 'Time and Being' remains entangled in the economy of exchange (as Derrida insinuates in the final session of Donner le temps II), Heidegger's anarchic treatment of 'letting' (laisser, Lassen) in the final session of his 1969 seminar in Le Thor opens instead onto a 'pure giving' (pur donner, reines Geben). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates a neglected aspect of charismatic authority: the problem of economic practices of charismatic leaders and their communities. Drawing on Weber's classical theory of charisma, I argue that charismatic communities and their ideologies economically operate on principles of gift and bounty. I demonstrate the value of this analysis on a contemporary case of Elon Musk's charisma and his involvement with the Dogecoin cryptocurrency through Twitter. Through analysis of Musk's performances and his admirers' online activity, I argue that to those who believed in Musk, his involvement constituted either a gift to the community or a bounty-hunter-like feat that further enhanced his charismatic authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Kiriwina, a society of horticulturists in Papua New Guinea, labor seems to be given freely. However, certain events in social life are institutionalized moments to account for reproductive labor and reward it. This article develops an analysis of the non-commercial circulation of labor and shows that labor, thought of as a favor between relatives, is a transaction within a personal relationship and a long temporality that must be returned. These individuals, who live in a hybrid economy and are thus acquainted with market and non-market work, articulate these labor regimes according to their economic socialization and the stakes of the situation in which they find themselves.

In discussing truth in Being and Time Heidegger speaks of this as always involving a robbery (ein Raub). This is a revealing word but not noted by commentators. Is it an incidental metaphor not to be taken too seriously? Or does it help us focus on something of the informing orientation to being and truth marking the Heidegger of Being and Time? This reflection offers thoughts on Alētheia in light of the meaning of theft. Significantly, the later Heidegger witnesses an ontological attunement entirely other to that of a robber who steals what is not his own. This attunement is closer to one of being graced or gifted by being rather than stealing secrets from the hiddenness of being. What terms do we need to make sense of theft and gift; how do we turn from, get from, theft to gift? How get from Polemos to Gelassenheit? Does Heidegger leave us in the dark on this great question? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) and Enoyl-CoA hydratase short-chain 1 (ECHS1) are considered key enzymes that regulate the β-oxidation of fatty acids. However, very few studies have investigated their full length and expression in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus), an important aquaculture species in China. Here, we cloned CAT and ECHS1 full-length cDNA via the rapid amplification of cDNA ends, and the expressions of CAT and ECHS1 in the liver of juvenile GIFT were detected in different fat and carnitine diets, as were the changes in the lipometabolic enzymes and serum biochemical indexes of juvenile GIFT in diets with different fat and carnitine levels. CAT cDNA possesses an open reading frame (ORF) of 2167 bp and encodes 461 amino acids, and the ECHS1 cDNA sequence is 1354 bp in full length, the ORF of which encodes a peptide of 391 amino acids. We found that juvenile GIFT had higher lipometabolic enzyme activity and lower blood CHOL, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C contents when the dietary fat level was 2% or 6% and when the carnitine level was 500 mg/kg. We also found that the expression of ECHS1 and CAT genes in the liver of juvenile GIFT can be promoted by a 500 mg/kg carnitine level and 6% fat level feeding. These results suggested that CAT and ECHS1 may participate in regulating lipid metabolism, and when 2% or 6% fat and 500 mg/kg carnitine are added to the feed, it is the most beneficial to the liver and lipid metabolism of juvenile GIFT. Our results may provide a theoretical basis for GIFT feeding and treating fatty liver disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GIFT is a lightweight cipher proposed by Banik et al. at CHES'17, motivated by the design strategy of PRESENT. GIFT-64[2021] is a variant of GIFT proposed by Sun et al. at EUROCRYPT'22 to achieve better resistance against differential attack while maintaining a similar security level against linear attack. At EUROCRYPT'22, Dong et al. proposed a new rectangle framework considering the key guessing strategies for linear key-schedule ciphers, and established a uniform automatic search model for the whole rectangle attack. In this paper, we extend it to be applicable to bit-oriented ciphers, and construct an automatic search model involved in the distinguisher and key-recovery phase for GIFT. Moreover, we utilize the key relations of the linear key-schedule to the model, and find some new distinguishers both for GIFT-64 and GIFT-64[2021]. To evaluate the probability more accurately, we propose a method to calculate the probability of the 2-round middle part which connects the boomerang distinguisher for GIFT , and apply it with the SAT method to evaluate the probability of the whole distinguishers. As a result, we search out a new 20-round related-key boomerang distinguisher for GIFT-64 , and achieve a 26-round attack with better time complexity than the best previous attack. For GIFT-64[2021] , we find a 20-round boomerang distinguisher and give the first 26-round rectangle attack under related-key scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses Roger Scruton's understanding of what he called "moments of revelation". In two short essays, both entitled "Effing the ineffable", Scruton framed his discussion of moments of revelation with reference to the medieval Christian mystical discourse. Introducing the medieval discussion of this topic, this study provides an analysis of Scruton's approach to the theme. In tune with the traditional discourse on revelation, his general aim was to demonstrate that there are ways of revealing important truths about the supernatural, of the world "beyond the window", that do not require words to be pronounced. He calls our experiences of such phenomena moments of revelation and identifies four different transitory sources of revelation. This study deals with them one by one, after considering whether it is right to label such a revelation transcendental. The four sources of Scruton's moments of revelation are natural beauty, the beauty of painting, the beauty of music, and personal encounters. The first three examples are connected to his thoughts on art and beauty as a substitute of divine revelation. Perhaps the most surprising of these is the last ones, moments of intersubjective human relationships, "our knowledge of each other". Relying on both Buber and Levinas, Scruton makes the strong claim that it is in the other that we can experience that world "beyond the window". His phenomenological exploration of human encounters sheds light on concepts like grace, shekhinah, or real presence and gift. He explains the Christian understanding of the human–divine relationship as well along the lines of the nature of interpersonal human relationship, both of them being in a certain sense, he claims, transcendental. From grace, his account moves forward to self-sacrifice and finally arrives at his idiosyncratic understanding of gratefulness for life. His moments of revelation in art and interpersonal exchange turn out to be, indeed, late and secular versions of the Christian understanding of revelation. In its summary, this study claims that revelation, understood by Scruton as a form of general human experience, allows to catch a glimpse of that which is beyond the window, by the direct, sensually based experience of either the existence of another person or of the beauty of nature and art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent fault analysis (PFA) has emerged as a powerful technique that can recover the secret key by influencing ciphertext distribution. Most research work highlights its application for investigating the last round key. This work presents PFA attack methods to recover deeper round keys of SPN ciphers, wherein the last round key alone can not determine the entire master key. We use GIFT and KLEIN ciphers to validate our methods and show the effectiveness of the proposed approach through simulation. We could recover the full master keys of both the GIFT cipher versions by retrieving the round keys up to the depth 2 and 4 for GIFT-128 and GIFT-64, respectively. Our method recovered KLEIN's last round key and penultimate round key in average 75 and 180 ciphertexts, respectively. We also analyzed the success rate of our approach for varying depths and Hamming distances. In GIFT-64, for Hamming distance 1, keys were recovered in approximately 110, 290, and 750 ciphertexts for round numbers 28, 27, and 26, respectively, with a 100% success rate. For round 25, around 2000 ciphertexts were sufficient to recover the round key in 90% of the cases out of 1000 experiments. For 39th round of GIFT-128, the round key can be recovered with a 100% success rate in roughly 380, 575, and 1100 ciphertexts for the Hamming distance 1, 2, and 3, respectively. However, for the same round with Hamming distance of value 4, the success rate is 75% for around 2000 ciphertexts. In addition, we propose a countermeasure to thwart PFA attacks and Intermediate-oriented fault attacks, such as, differential fault analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inland saline waters were continuously observed to have low potassium concentrations compared to their seawater counterpart of the same salinity. We hypothesize that the toxic effect of sulfate may manifest in low potassium saline (LPSW) waters compared to brackish water of the same salinity. Thus, LC50 trials were performed in GIFT (genetically improved farmed tilapia) fry (0.5 ± 0.02 g) to determine the acute sulfate toxicity in freshwater (FW, 0.5 g L−1), artificial seawater (ASW, 10 g L−1), and LPSW (10 g L−1). The median lethal concentrations (96h LC50) of sulfate ion in FW, LPSW, and ASW for the GIFT were 5.30 g L−1, 2.56 g L−1, and 2.98 g L−1, respectively. A second experiment was conducted for 21 days, exposing fish to a sub-lethal level of sulfate ion (SO42−) concentration (1000 mg L−1, one-fifth of FW LC50) with different types of waters (FW, freshwater, 0.5 g L−1; ASW, artificial seawater, 10 g L−1; LPSW, low potassium saline water, 10 g L−1) with and without sulfate inclusion to constitute the treatments as follows, (FW, FW + SO4, ASW, ASW + SO4, LPSW, LPSW + SO4). The effect of sulfate on GIFT reared in sulfate-rich potassium-deficient medium saline water was evaluated by focusing on the hematological adjustments, stress-induced oxidative damage, and osmoregulatory imbalances. The survival was not altered due to the sulfate concentration and K+ deficiency; however, there were significant changes in branchial NKA (Na+/K+-ATPase) activity and osmolality. The increase in NKA was highest in LPSW treatment, suggesting that internal ionic imbalance was triggered due to an interactive effect of sulfate and K+ deficiency. The cortisol levels showed a pronounced increase due to sulfate inclusion irrespective of K+ deficiency. The antioxidant enzymes, i.e., SOD (superoxide dismutase), catalase, GST (glutathione-S-transferase), and GPX (glutathione peroxidase), reflected a similar pattern of increment in the gills and liver of the LPSW + SO4 groups, suggesting a poor antioxidant status of the exposed group. The hepatic peroxidation status, i.e. TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and the peroxide values were enhanced due to both K+ deficiency and sulfate inclusion, suggesting a possible lipid peroxidation in the liver due to handling the excess sulfate anion concentration. The hematological parameters, including haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, and hematocrit level, reduced significantly in the LPSW + SO4 group, indicating a reduced blood oxygen capacity due to the sulfate exposure and water potassium deficiency. The hepatic acetylcholine esterase activity was suppressed in all the treatments with sulfate inclusion, while the highest suppression was observed in the LPSW + SO4 group. Thus, it is concluded that sulfate-induced physiological imbalances manifest more in potassium-deficient water, indicating that environmental sulfate is more detrimental to inland saline water than freshwater or brackish water of the same salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article arises from my clinical experience in the "Distracted Stork" Service of the Institute of Higher Education and Family Psychotherapy in Florence and in the staff of the Demetra Assisted Procreation Center in Florence and aims to delve deeper into the specific complexities of fertilization with donation of gametes and to offer clinical observation and intervention tools to professionals working in this delicate area of intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What does 'equality' (ἰσότης) mean in 2 Cor. 8.13–14? What is the significance of the phrase ἀλλʼ ἐξ ἰσότητος (8.13)? To date, no one has sufficiently dealt with Paul's striking use of ἐκ in the phrase ἐξ ἰσότητος. Dieter Georgi sought to explain it by comparing Paul's use of ἰσότης with Philo's understanding of the term as a divine cosmic power, but the majority of scholars have rightly rejected this comparison as unconvincing and implausible. However, in so doing, they overlook one of his major insights. Paul wrote ἐξ ἰσότητος (8.13). This article accounts for Paul's otherwise unexpected use of ἐκ by advancing a new reading of ἀλλʼ ἐξ ἰσότητος (8.13) that takes seriously Paul's broader theology of the Christ-gift in 2 Cor. 8–9. Contrary to many who reject the theological significance of ἰσότης in 2 Cor. 8.13–14, this article will disclose the nature of equality in Christ, God's fundamental role in its realization, and its socially disruptive effects on gift-giving relationships in the church. What results is a sociotheological reading of ἰσότης, one that centers on the grace of God in Christ (2 Cor. 8.9). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The philosophical account of experience presented here considers this ‘most deceitful’ (Whitehead 1959: 16) and ‘obscure’ (Gadamer 1998: 346) word as an epistemological category, that is, as integral to our access to truth in both its gnoseological and ontological dimensions. Experience, in this sense, is the practical or speculative knowledge that emerges in time as the fruit of the eventful engagement of all of ourselves with others, the world, and, ultimately, God. While less directly existential than descriptive elucidations of experience that emphasize the affective and sensorial resonance of what the subject lives and undergoes, the philosophical approach grants better grasp of the way experience contributes to the building of different worldviews within which people understand and order human life. The polysemic and ubiquitous character of experience, while forestalling a univocal and all-encompassing narrative, does not prevent us from discovering threads tying various discourses on experience together. It also does not hinder the recognition of the essential elements that constitute every human experience of the engagement of the whole person with all of reality. The entry begins by examining the etymology of experience to show the original richness and permanent complexity of this term. Without the claim of being exhaustive, the following study keeps a speculative emphasis and illustrates some key shifts of meaning that occurred during the historical unfolding of Western culture. It first shows the early Greek understanding of experience as a kind of knowledge and its deepening enabled by the Christian perception of reality as created from nothing by a transcendent God. It then suggests that, in the course of its historical development, the concept of experience undergoes a threefold conceptual reversal. During the long centuries of modernity, experience is no longer seen as a type of knowledge but as its very form. Experience is then conceived mostly as an experiment carried out by the human subject who has the measure of truth within. Finally, more recent attempts conceive experience as the living out of human historical finitude and seek to avoid the interpretative control of subjectivity. Although it does not deal directly with religious or Christian experience, this philosophical elucidation explores the intrinsic relation between reality, God, and our knowledge of both. Furthermore, without absorbing theology into philosophy, it also integrates significant elements of Christian revelation. This philosophical view on experience thus sets the foundation for an exploration of Christian experience that is carried out elsewhere.

Abstract The concept of giftedness has evolved significantly over time. Today, it still lacks a singular and precise definition, but it is continually evolving. One notable model found in the literature is the Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DMGT) by Gagné. This model appears to be a valid contribution to better understanding giftedness, the characteristics of gifted students and the problems related to these constructs. The article aims to highlight the characteristics of gifted students, underlining critical points and strengths in relation to the various contexts, specifically to the school context, and to Gagné’s model (personal, scholastic, environmental and social), with a focus on future implications.

Abstract The term “giving” refers to the altruistic act of offering something to another person for free without expecting anything in return. While prosocial behavior can also be found in very young children, altruistic behavior emerges later, with the moral and cognitive development, also supported by adult praise, that children may receive within the educational relationship. Education, in fact, has the noble purpose of guiding people to a better condition than they are now, through relationships. The aim of this paper is to review the works that have analyzed the effects of praise in the relationship between teacher and student. Experimental studies over the last 50 years have shown that praise is a low-cost strategy that teachers can use to increase adaptive behavior in the classroom and decrease problem behavior. Furthermore, the use of praise improves the classroom climate, as it is a vehicle for positive emotions. Modern neuroscience has now shown how emotions play an important role in learning, including school learning. Therefore, we could consider praise as one of the greatest gifts a teacher can give to their students.

Hediye, tarih boyunca bütün kültürlerde görülen evrensel bir unsurdur. Bu kültürel unsurun amaçları, özellikleri, biçimleri devlet ve toplumlara göre farklılık göstermektedir. İlk Türk devletlerinden itibaren çeşitli kavramlarla ifade edilen hediye Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti’nin kurulmasından sonra da değişen şartlara göre devam ettirilen bir gelenek olmuştur. Atatürk Döneminden itibaren Türkiye’ye gelen yabancı devlet başkanlarına verilen diplomatik hediyeler, muhatap ülke ile siyasî, kültürel, ekonomik ilişkilerde olumlu bir hava oluşturmak, ikili ilişkilerini geliştirmek, çeşitli sektörlerdeki işbirliğini devamlı kılmak gibi amaçlara katkı sağlamıştır. Türkiye’nin uluslararası ve bölgesel politikalarında dostluk, barış ve dayanışmanın bir aracı olmuştur. Ayrıca hediyeler ile özellikle Orta Doğu, Balkanlar ve Asya ülke liderlerine karşı Türkiye’nin zenginliklerini göstermek ve saygınlıklarını artırmak gibi sembolik hedeflerde gözetilmiştir. Bu çalışmada konu, arşiv belgeleri, süreli yayınlar, telif ve tetkik eserler gibi kaynaklardan yararlanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Buna göre; Atatürk Dönemi’nde Türkiye’ye gelen Afganistan Kralı Amânullah Han’dan itibaren pek çok devlet başkanına sunulan diplomatik hediyelerin neler olduğu ve sunuş biçimlerine değinilecektir. Diplomatik ziyaretlerin oldukça arttığı bir dönem olan Demokrat Parti iktidarı yıllarında ise hediye takdim edilen ülkelerde bariz farklılıklar ve farklı uygulamalara dikkat çekilecektir.

Derrida’s Given Time: I. Counterfeit Money is one of his most celebrated works, though Volume II only came out in French in 2021. Volume I ends with Session Five of the seminar while Volume II opens with Seven, with Session Six only seeing the light of day in early 2024. My essay explains this missing session and goes into some detail examining the relationship of Derrida’s project to Kant, briefly mentioned a few times in Volume I, as well as to some of Derrida’s own earlier essays. As Given Time gives us his most concentrated and thorough discussions of the gift, this missing chapter is essential to grasp this important topic.