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AbstractIndustrial fisheries are some of the most dangerous workplaces in the world. This paper argues that oceans deserve to be understood as ‘working spaces’ embedded within complex jurisdictions, material processes, and social relations. I coin the term ‘labor governance frontier’ to develop a conceptual analysis that captures the ways in which material processes and governance programs, introduced by state and non-state actors, seek to expand and improve labor rights at sea. Labor in fisheries is an emerging field that has caught the attention of diverse disciplines. I argue that, to date, little research has explored workers’ individual and collective agency in relation to the materiality of working at sea. I explore the potential of the concepts labor regime, labor precarity, and hybrid governance, to comprehend and expand the labor governance frontier. I conclude by outlining a research agenda for labor governance frontiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The VTK-m software library enables scientific visualization on exascale-class supercomputers. Exascale machines are particularly challenging for software development in part because they use GPU accelerators to provide the vast majority of their computational throughput. Algorithmic designs for GPUs and GPU-centric computing often deviate from those that worked well on previous generations of high-performance computers that relied on traditional CPUs. Fortunately, VTK-m provides scientific visualization algorithms for GPUs and other accelerators. VTK-m also provides a framework that simplifies the implementation of new algorithms and adds a porting layer to work across multiple processor types. This paper describes the main challenges encountered when making scientific visualization available at exascale. We document the surprises and obstacles faced when moving from pre-exascale platforms to the final exascale designs and the performance on those systems including scaling studies on Frontier, an exascale machine with over 37,000 AMD GPUs. We also report on the integration of VTK-m with other exascale software technologies. Finally, we show how VTK-m helps scientific discovery for applications such as fusion and particle acceleration that leverage an exascale supercomputer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outer space is often described as a frontier – an unsettled, mysterious or wild place that should be explored and eventually inhabited. The metaphor evokes a pioneer spirit and a sense of freedom, but it is also bound up with violent histories of settler colonialism and social injustice. Although the frontier narrative remains prevalent in political, commercial and media discourses in the United States and elsewhere, we know little about whether the public understands space exploration in this way. We also lack studies about how those working to popularise space exploration and make it comprehensible to a global audience understand and apply the frontier narrative. A long-term ethnographic study of their work shows that their understandings of the space frontier are refracted through everyday forms of sociality and experience that they cultivate near Boca Chica in South Texas, where SpaceX builds and tests Starship prototypes. The labour of imagination performed by SpaceX fans and space creators upends the problematic myth of the frontier and points towards alternative ways of understanding space exploration. • We lack studies that analyse whether the public really understands space as a frontier. • Their labour of imagination rather than the frontier narrative binds space creators. • The work of SpaceX fans points to alternative ways of imagining space exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of urban governance, the concept of community is often regarded as the fundamental unit for the delivery of public services. People strive to tackle diverse challenges, such as social segregation and rigid bureaucracy, through the lens of community development. Hence, a precise articulation of this concept is crucial. However, "community" can refer to either a physical area or a group of people, resulting in multiple definitions. The boundary of a community may be defined in various ways. Consequently, a paradox arises: people may enthusiastically explore the suitability of a community for providing public services, but without exactly clarifying where the discussed community itself is. This ambiguity can cause confusion in practical applications of the concept of community, resulting in a decrease in the effectiveness of community governance, the neglect of social attributes, and the undermining of public nature. This conceptual article advocates for a new approach to defining communities, one that integrates sociological components while also having a concrete spatial anchor. It proposes substituting the idea of a clear-cut "boundary" with a buffer "frontier" (or "boundary," depending on the author's intended meaning) as a means of demarcating the community. By comparing the conceptual characteristics of "frontier" and "boundary," we believe that this substitution can eliminate the yes-or-no binary determination inherent in the traditional community concept. In addition, by adopting the concept of "amenity," we aim to provide a more tangible anchor for identifying the boundaries of a community, clarifying ambiguities, and offering guidance for subsequent research operationalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, the contacts between the Cossacks and the Chinese population were established and their particular strengthening occurred during the construction of the Chinese-Eastern Railway between 1897 and 1903. The imperial authorities devised a plan to establish the Sungurian Cossack army, which was to be augmented by the Cossacks dispatched to protect the ‘KVZhD’. These troops were to comprise the descendants of Albazin and the local population. In the context of the present circumstances, the Cossacks in the peripheral Ussuri Territory and Manchuria served as the frontiers of the system of relations with the local Chinese and Korean populations, as well as the modernizing transformation of the region. As the most mobile and passionate segment of the population, the Cossacks played a pivotal role in the socio-economic and cultural transformation of the region. Their extensive involvement in the agrarian economy and their diverse socio-class and ethno-confessional composition contributed to the diversification of the regional mosaic. During this historical period, the Cossacks served as the driving force of the Russian exploration of the Far Eastern space. Moreover, they facilitated the militarization of the newly developed territories. The format of the study permits presenting a set of relations risen along the Center–Far Eastern Cossacks axis. The objectives of this paper is to ascertain the nature of this relationship within the system and to study the dissemination of the experience of the Cossack self-government system to neighboring regions, including the process of Japanese colonization of the island of Hokkaido. The research findings indicate the efficacy of applying the Cossack administrative and economic management experience to the Far East and Manchuria, as well as in adjacent regions, such as Hokkaido. The article is intended for Cossack specialists and sinologists.

The article elucidates the issue of representation in Soviet cinema of historical events that transpired during the formation of the Caucasian frontier and the interactions that emerged between the indigenous population and the tsarist troops. The term “Eastern” is analogous to the term “Western” which refers to films about the exploration of the Wild West. This is a useful way of conceptualizing Soviet silent films created on Caucasian material from the 19th–early 20th centuries. This article aims to examine feature films from the 1920s that depict Russia’s advance into the Caucasus. It seeks to identify similarities and differences between these films and the first Soviet “Easterns/Osterns” and “Westerns,” as well as to analyze the influence of ideological attitudes in historical science on the interpretation and depiction of events that took place on the Caucasian frontier. The visual sources utilized in this study include the silent films ‘Abrek Zaur’ (1926), ‘The Law of the Mountains’ (1927), and ‘Zelimkhan’ (1929). Additionally, published materials from the 1920s, including periodicals such as newspapers and magazines, were consulted. The study yielded insights into the stylistic similarities between classic Westerns and the first Soviet Easterns, including the portrayal of protagonists, the use of action and stunts, and the incorporation of jumps. The content of the films is correlated with real historical events, but they reflect the Bolshevik paradigm of history in the study of ethnosocial conflicts in the Caucasus. In films about highlanders, masculine culture is a dominant feature due to gender attitudes and the national cultural identity of the peoples of the Caucasus. Films about mountaineers were instrumental in shaping perceptions of the Caucasus during the early decades of the twentieth century. They illustrate the attributes of traditional culture, daily life, customs of mountain village inhabitants, the characteristics of the landscape, and architectural features. In general, films of an adventurous nature created on Caucasian material are of interest to those with an affinity for classic cinema, particularly the earliest Soviet Eastern films, as well as to researchers seeking to gain insight into significant historical and cultural information. This article is intended for those engaged in the study of the history of Soviet cinema.

The article is devoted to the migration of Udmurts from the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to the Kazakh SSR in the 1960s. from the perspective of the frontier concept. The Udmurts are one of the Finno-Ugric peoples, who are also quite large. For a long time, the Udmurts lived relatively compactly, located mainly on the territory of several subjects. The largest part was in Udmurtia, where even in 1959 76.2% of all Udmurts of the Union lived. However, already in 1970 the share had dropped to 68.7%, which was undoubtedly caused by migration. One of the main flows of migrants went to the Kazakh SSR, where virgin lands were actively being developed during this period. In just one intercensus period (from 1959 to 1970), the number of Udmurts in Kazakhstan increased fourfold. Obviously, such an increase in such a short time was ensured by migration. The purpose of the study is to consider the migration of Udmurts from the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to Kazakhstan in the 1960s. The sources of the research were mainly statistical materials: population censuses and current accounting materials. Since 1960, mechanical movement materials began to be compiled also for rural areas, which makes it possible to obtain and use more complete information about migrations. Office documentation was also used.

The article is based on the materials of field research conducted in the Kaliningrad region in 2022–2023. The authors proceed from the idea of this region as a frontier emerged due to redefinition of jurisdiction of the territories of East Prussia after World War II and geopolitical transformations after 1991. Currently, the region is surrounded by EU countries, and this predetermines its perception as a civilizational frontier – a space of comparison between Russian and European ways of life, and intensified the politicization of local historical memory. The aim of the article is to examine the narratives underlying visual transformation of the cultural landscape of the Kaliningrad region since 1945, their relation to the tasks of de-actualization of the region’s past, appropriation of German heritage and its integration into the Russian cultural space. Cultural landscape is defined both as a product and environment of human activity saturated with a variety of artifacts, and as a sign system that forms, preserves, and controls a certain vision of the world. The use of the semiotic paradigm allowed us to consider monuments as its long-term semantic accents. We also took into account the multiplicity of actors influencing the organization and reorganization of the cultural landscape, the variability of the correlation of political forces and opportunities, and the participation in the transformation processes of both power institutions that limit the possibility of alternative perception of reality, and society that resists ideological programming. The evolution of semantic dominants of the cultural landscape we analyzed in the context of shifts in the ideology and attitudes of regional society. We conclude that the compromise tactics of appropriation of the region’s past, developed over time, are based on countering the challenges of the time and solving practical problems, rather than on political attitudes.

This article explores how Francisco de Aguirre used the Copiapó Valley encomienda to negotiate political power during the transition from conquest to colonial rule in northern Chile. Simultaneously, we analyze the circumstances of how a native society was incorporated into the Spanish Empire after a decade of fighting and resistance on the fringes of the empire. The strategic use of the fear of native rebellions to close the road from Peru to Chile gave Aguirre enough power to negotiate an important political position, which in the future would clash with the colonial authorities. Copiapó Valley’s peripheral location in the southernmost Atacama Desert constituted a political gray zone for the colonial administration. This space contributed to consolidating power for Aguirre and enabled locals some negotiation power within the possibilities afforded by the colonial system.

The technological push for hydrogen-based steel production has become a flagship project of the Swedish state for advancing its global environmental leadership and becoming the world's first fossil free welfare state. The new production process has the potential to drastically cut emissions in a heavy polluting industry. The plans also entail a drastic upscale in steel production, energy and iron ore consumption and risk increasing existing pressures on Indigenous Sami land, local communities, and biodiversity. This article sets out to investigate the frontier-making function of green steel imaginaries to contribute to debates on sacrificed spaces of extraction for green commodity demand. The article speaks to a call for a critical turn in sustainability transitions literature by introducing the concept of hype to scrutinise the material consequences of growth-based green transition imaginaries. This article builds on a narrative analysis of government, industry, and company actors' visions of a green steel future. The analysis illustrates how sociotechnical imaginaries are constructed to enable particular industrial futures over other green transition pathways. We show that the sociotechnical imaginary of green steel, fuelled through hype, serves to advance the new commodity and growth of the industry while effectively cancelling out democratic nuance and non-extractive alternatives. The findings illustrate the importance of pluralising green imaginaries to ensure inclusive transition pathways and to nuance and discursively dismantle the hype of green transitions that fail to break with the growth paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between March and June of 1759, a general military campaign ("entrada general") towards Chaco was held by the Governance of Tucumán, Buenos Aires and Paraguay. Despite the high amount of documents that were produced at the moment -both written papers and maps- this event has aroused little interest in historiography. In this paper, we aim at reviewing this military campaign from a historico-anthropological approach that resituates the documents in their contexts of production, by considering the complex relationships that link empirical facts -the actions-, imaginaries -the representations- and what is registered in the documents -the discourses. In this way, we present an ethnographic interpretation of the military campaign that delves into the facts, the different actors' objectives and motivations, and the distinct interethnic scenarios that were developed on the borders of Chaco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argentina. General Archive of the Nation. Written Documents Department. Argentine Confederation. Ministry of War and Navy. 58-1-1. Paper. [Part of the map of the Chaco that by order, and under the direction of the General Command is being drawn up by the engineer attached to the E.M. of the latter.] Undated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Examine state‐level data from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), and frontier and remote area (FAR) codes. Compare state‐level data from the NSCH and YRBSS to state's FAR codes, to explore correlations between youth mental health/suicide and geographic remoteness. Methods: State‐level data from the NSCH, YRBSS and FAR codes were organized into tables. For each variable, states were ranked from 1 to 50 and assigned a numeric value. Using this numeric ranking system, Kendall's tau‐b was used to examine correlations between NSCH data and FAR codes, and YRBSS data and FAR codes. Results: There were no significant correlations between any FAR level and any NSCH variable. There were significant correlations between level 1 FAR areas and suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempt. There were also significant correlations between FAR levels 2, 3, and 4 and suicidal ideation and suicide planning. Conclusion: Continued surveillance of youth mental health is important in building the evidence base. However, because suicidal ideation and suicide planning appear higher across all FAR levels, there is opportunity to implement sustainable approaches to prevent suicidal behaviors among youth in FAR areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considered the global and local levels of the communication process, which changed after the start of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The authors of the article analyzed the public discussion of philosophers, political scientists and civil servants from Germany, Ukraine, China and Russia, determining the transition from a compromise based on the existing worldview model to the ultimate directions of modeling the future. The purpose of our article is to create a thinking model of the global communications system that would contribute to a constructive resolution of the Russian- Ukrainian interstate war. The use of the selected methodological base led the researchers to the opinion: in the metamodern type societies, the worldview models determine the practical activity of a person and society. Conceptualists and «elite -- people» communication channels are necessary for their functioning. The study recorded the crisis of the existing model of communications, because a compromise between democracy and authoritarianism is not possible in any way in the existing coordinate system. The material of the article contains the structure of the communication plane, which contains shadow, open and global levels, through which compromising and threatening messages are alternately exchanged to resolve the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. In our opinion, in order to win, Ukraine must move to an open level of communications in order to establish a dialogue between different layers of society in the middle of the country, as well as to become more understandable for the European community. According to our conclusions, Ukraine needs an open and balanced system of communications, the basis of which should be the training of internally oriented elite capable of constructive communication interaction with the people in order to build integral public-state relations. The authors of the study prove the necessity of creating a network system of communications -- the Ukrainian heartland. It should become the basis for a new supranational association. It should be comfortable for people to live in. This association gives them a potential purpose in life -- the development of a high-tech economy and effective collective defense.According to the authors of the study, Ukraine itself is potentially one of the basic centers of European civilization. Our country is able to offer a new supranational ethics of communications based on the achievements of Ukrainian philosophy. The creation of such a communication message and the foundations of a worldview model should become a perspective for research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how Francisco de Aguirre used the Copiapó Valley encomienda to negotiate political power during the transition from conquest to colonial rule in northern Chile. Simultaneously, we analyze the circumstances of how a native society was incorporated into the Spanish Empire after a decade of fighting and resistance on the fringes of the empire. The strategic use of the fear of native rebellions to close the road from Peru to Chile gave Aguirre enough power to negotiate an important political position, which in the future would clash with the colonial authorities. Copiapó Valley’s peripheral location in the southernmost Atacama Desert constituted a political gray zone for the colonial administration. This space contributed to consolidating power for Aguirre and enabled locals some negotiation power within the possibilities afforded by the colonial system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes a particular case of the maps of the Geographical Relations of 1577 belonging to the Chichimeca cultural region, north of the viceroyalty of New Spain. The analysis that has been carried out part of the methodology of reconstruction of the landscape and internal analysis of the document to, in this way, explain in detail the different elements corresponding to Military History in the document, as well as its explanation and contextualization within the conflict that developed between 1550-1600. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study is to compare impact of COVID-19 on trauma volume and characteristics on a set of trauma centers with a rural catchment area. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected different parts of the country quite differently, both in case volume and in local responses. State-wide responses have varied considerably, including variations in local mask mandates, school closures, and social distancing measures. Methods: This was a retrospective trauma registry review of patients who were admitted to three of the tertiary care trauma centers in North and South Dakota between 2014 through 2022. Results: In the analysis of 36,397 patients, we found a significant increase in trauma patient volume during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an increased percentage of patients presenting with a mechanism of injury secondary to abuse or assault. This increase in patient volume continued to rise during 2021 and 2022. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted trauma center admissions in the rural and frontier Midwest differently from more urban areas, and the importance of including a variety of settings in trauma research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frederick Jackson Turner, premier historian of the frontier and American exceptionalism, wondered late in his career how sectional identities had formed in the United States. Out of all the American sections, the Midwest seemed to have no distinct character, serving instead as a miniature model of the entire nation. Turner's professional descendants in the Midwestern History Association have interrogated the region's typicality, noting that it became in the twentieth century a generator of progressive reform movements and a new homeland for diverse groups. Looking back at the region's eighteenth- and nineteenth-century past, particularly within the conceptual framework of Indiana University Press's Trans-Appalachian Frontier series (1996–2018), lets historians determine when the Midwest separated from its parent region, the "old" West, which included the Deep South. The territories between the Appalachians and the Missouri River initially shared many features: a large and adaptive Native American population, a commitment among white settlers to commercial agriculture and land speculation, and attractiveness to utopian experimenters. The Midwest separated from this larger region after 1865, when formerly enslaved Black people moved to the midwestern states from the white-supremacist South, immigrants reshaped the social landscape of midwestern cities, and regional authors and artists began constructing a midwestern stereotype in order to critique and demystify it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Military-industrial practices have left widespread contamination affecting land, water, air, and human and nonhuman bodies. This article uses decolonial analysis to examine the racial-colonial foundations that underlie contemporary efforts to reuse former U.S. military land for development projects. Interrelating scholarship on security and development with that of militarization and political ecology, I use "geosocial spectacle" to probe the material and pedagogical governance, frontier logics, and colonial aesthetics that emerge through land remediation and redevelopment. Featuring two military sites within U.S. base closure and realignment—the U.S. Front Range area of Colorado and former U.S. unincorporated territory of the Panama Canal Zone—the article delineates and expounds on two types of U.S. military land conversions: brownfields and biodiversity recreation. The article interrelates the conversion of contaminated land in both cases as waste frontier that facilitates ongoing cycles of land repossession as a form of dispossession and containment or denial of war. The article concludes by advocating for decolonial studies of the global color line entrenched by the U.S. Pentagon's ongoing climate colonialism, to subvert the compartmentalized harms of war and capitalist extraction, and to galvanize explicitly anticolonial, antiracist land reuse and governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Loyalism was a potent force in the Trans-Appalachian West during the American Revolution. However, the experiences of western Loyalists differed from those elsewhere and provide a broader understanding of the forces affecting Loyalism in the British Empire. There were few reasons for western Loyalists to declare their sympathies and even fewer opportunities to seek assistance from the British. Geography meant that western Loyalists were isolated and could not cooperate effectively with the British government and army, while the threat of Indian attack also gave Loyalists and Whigs a common cause. Consequently, they lacked a clear identity, especially as most westerners were, to some degree, disaffected. Indeed, many frontier "patriots," from George Rogers Clark to Daniel Boone, were associated with disaffection, if not outright Loyalism. Finally, the reintegration of Loyalists into western society after the Revolution meant that memories of Loyalism were written out of family and local histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited U.S. research has been conducted examining factors affecting healthcare provider recruitment in rural settings, necessitating community-level investigations due to community differences. The aim of this study was to explore the factors involved in healthcare provider recruitment in a rural community in Northern Idaho. A retooled version of the Nursing Community Apgar Questionnaire (NCAQ) was used to collect data from 50 healthcare providers to assess items influencing provider recruitment. Items were categorized into five factors: geographic, economic, scope of practice, medical support, and facility and community support classes. Healthcare providers ranked items based on perceived importance and how advantageous or challenging it was to recruitment. A "Community Apgar" score is a composite score calculated using the advantage/challenge and importance scores. In our sample, medical support was rated as the most important class. Additionally, facility and community support was rated as the highest advantage class and had the most impactful Apgar scores, meaning it contained the most important advantage and challenge. Our findings suggest that these classes contain dominant factors related to the recruitment of providers in rural areas. Rural healthcare organizations seeking to improve the recruitment of healthcare providers should consider the potential impact of these factors on their population. Further investigations should be conducted on diverse rural samples across the U.S. to enable comparisons of research findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand the current status, research hotspots, and trends of automatic segmentation of fundus lesion images worldwide, providing a reference for subsequent related studies. Methods: The electronic database Web of Science Core Collection was searched for research in the field of automatic segmentation of fundus lesion images from 2007 to 2023. Visualization maps of countries, authors, institutions, journals, references, and keywords were generated and analyzed using the CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. Results: After deduplication, 707 publications were sorted out, showing an overall increasing trend in publication volume. The countries with the highest publication counts were China, followed by India, the USA, the UK, Spain, Pakistan, and Singapore. A high degree of collaboration was observed among authors, and they cooperated widely. The keywords included “diabetic retinopathy,” “deep learning,” “vessel segmentation,” “retinal images,” “optic disc localization,” and so forth, with keyword bursts starting in 2018 for “retinal images,” “machine learning,” “biomedical imaging,” “deep learning,” “convolutional neural networks,” and “transfer learning.” The most prolific author was U Rajendra Acharya from the University of Southern Queensland, and the journal with the most publications was Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. Conclusions: Compared with manual segmentation of fundus lesion images, the use of deep learning models for segmentation is more efficient and accurate, which is crucial for patients with eye diseases. Although the number of related publications globally is relatively small, a growing trend is still witnessed, with broad connections between countries and authors, mainly concentrated in East Asia and Europe. Research institutions in this field are limited, and hence, the research on diabetic retinopathy and retinal vessel segmentation should be strengthened to promote the development of this area.

The Frontier is one of the most important romantic categories widely used in the fantasy genre. The article examines three fantasy fiction trilogies, where isolated settlements on the borderlands are an important factor in the development of the plot. Women’s fantasy is a traditionally rather soft genre where the main development of the conflict occurs on the emotional level; in the books featured in the article the basis of the conflict is the interpenetration of worldviews alien to each other. The logic of centre-periphery relations in fantasy worlds and the basic emotional connotations in relation to isolated communities are explored. In the books of the American, Australian and Belarusian writers there are similar techniques for depicting isolated settlements, which indicates the presence of universality. The myth of the Frontier as interpreted by American and Russian researchers is proposed as a mythological basis.

Over the past decade, during the tenure of President Joko Widodo, West Papua has undergone a process that Jason and Michael (2019) describe as a “recurring frontier”, whereby frontiers emerge, evolve and are continually redefined. The situation there is exemplified by a number of intertwined “frontier indicators”, which in this article are focused on military threats, the corrupt bureaucracy surrounding infrastructure and the environmental disasters of deforestation and flooding. The paper is based on reflections from fieldwork in Sorong greater area (Sorong Raya) between 2019 and 2023. It indicates several developments occurring at the micro level in Sorong including the history of threats and violence that have created frontiers and overlapping bureaucratic governance, resulting in urban environmental degradation. The creation of frontiers for Papuans is not only currently underway but is also envisioned as a future project to be developed across Papua. Reflecting on this specific case in Sorong, West Papua, it is anticipated that frontier areas will emerge throughout Papua in the future.

The local elites of Dayak Agabag are conscious of their community's position as minorities, which presents opportunities. As an Indonesian frontier people, the Dayak Agabag have formed solid social ties with the Murut Pensiangan, as a resident community in Malaysia, fostering cultural cohesion across national borders. These sociocultural ties are seen as a threat to sovereignty and nationalism, which, ironically, are often exploited by local elites for the benefit of frontier people. The Agabag's elites are using their minority status to advocate the development of modern-state infrastructure in their region. This article analyzes cultural rights challenges confronting the Dayak Agabag along the Indonesia-Malaysia border, aiming to comprehend the political role of Dayak Agabag elites in shaping affirmative policies for marginalized communities and their advocacy for human rights, shedding light on the movements of both the elite and the community in their quest for legitimacy. The ethnographic lens used in this article shows that the political agency of Dayak Agabag’s local elite created their own rule to counter the domination of the state spatiality to struggle for human rights as frontier people. This article describes how the local elites maintained their minority frontier people status, as it gave them access to political gain or privileges across state borders. The local agency of Dayak Agabag’s elite offers insight into how marginalized frontier people can leverage their political indigeneity power, obtain cultural rights, and maintain socially legitimate yet formally illegal cross-border mobility.

Abstract Background A shortage of healthcare providers, particularly in primary care and mental health, exists in the predominately rural state of Idaho. There are also barriers to retaining healthcare providers to work in rural and remote communities. Limited research using U.S. samples has explored factors that may affect the retention of healthcare providers in rural areas. Additionally, due to differences between communities, it is important to conduct community-level investigations to better understand how these factors may affect retention in rural areas. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore factors affecting healthcare provider retention in a rural community in Northern Idaho. Methods A modified version of the Nursing Community Apgar Questionnaire (NCAQ) was completed by 30 healthcare providers in a rural and frontier community in Northern Idaho to assess factors influencing healthcare provider retention. Factors were classified into classes including geographic, economic, scope of practice, medical support, and facility and community support classes. Retention factors were assessed on their perceived importance to retention as well as whether they were perceived as an advantage or challenge to retention based on Likert scales. A “Community Apgar” score was also created by combining the importance and advantage/challenge factors. Results Overall, items in the medical support group had the highest importance of any other class and included factors such as nursing workforce. Additionally, the facility and community support class, which included factors such as televideo support, was rated the highest advantage class and had the highest Apgar score, indicating it contained the factor that healthcare providers identified as the most important advantage (i.e., medical reference resources). Conclusion Our study identified multiple factors that healthcare providers deemed as important advantages or disadvantages to retaining healthcare providers in rural areas. Overall, facility and community support factors were found to have the highest advantage in the retention of rural providers. Rural healthcare organizations looking to increase healthcare provider retention should target retention efforts towards these factors. Additional research should also be conducted on other rural samples across the U.S. to make comparisons of findings.

As a social institution, a border simultaneously divides and connects. When thinking about state borders, or borderlands, scholars tend to view them as either linear or zonal spaces, distinguishing as well as linking one state with another. My article argues for an alternative interpretation and explores the geopolitical and cultural meanings of a historical border region from both domestic and inter-state perspectives. The border of China and Korea along the Yalu and the Tumen Rivers, is arguably one of the oldest state boundaries that is still effective today. The history of the border river region as a "buffer space" can be traced back to the seventeenth century when Qing China and Chosŏn Korea established the border along their northern frontiers. However, the geopolitical function of this border went beyond considerations of defence or communications. From the mid-seventeenth century to the mid-nineteenth century, both the Manchu-Qing court and the Chosŏn court implemented strict laws to control domestic population flows to their northeastern and northern frontiers. Such policies, I argue, must be understood in the context of domestic politics in the two courts. Internal anxiety over preserving Manchu and Korean identity, coupled with strategy to control the border against an external power, contributed to the making of this borderland. Hence, the Qing-Chosŏn border region served as a "dual buffer". Employing historical records and local gazettes in the two countries, my article reveals a subtler layer of "buffer" from a case study in early modern East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surrogacy is a popular assisted reproductive practice in Israel, and it has been legal since 1996, albeit, until recently, only for married heterosexual couples. Same-sex couples who aspired to genetic parenthood were therefore "forced" to look for available surrogates abroad, in countries such as the United States, India, Nepal, Mexico, and Russia. This resulted in the emergence of a lucrative transnational surrogacy industry in Israel that relies on the reproductive labor power of racialized egg cell providers and surrogates in the global South, East, and North. While much of the existing research on surrogacy in Israel explains its ubiquity by centering cultural accounts of Jewishness, this article rethinks contemporary policies, practices, and markets of assisted reproduction from the vantage point of the "colonial episteme," by unpacking the complex "intimacies" and reproductive afterlives of settler colonialism and racial capitalism in Israel/Palestine. The article argues that surrogacy operates both as a demographic frontier in the consolidation of a Jewish state in Israel/Palestine and as a commodity frontier for the accumulation of capital in a booming surrogacy industry. Surrogacy and other reproductive technologies also emerge as sites of reproductive resistance through practices of surrogacy strikes and sperm smuggling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes 'frontier tourism development' as an apt analytical lens through which to understand contemporary tourism development in rural peripheries. Based on a rich case study of more than 90% of households across seven villages in the Manaslu Conservation Area, the article analyses local-level inequalities in participation and benefits from tourism development in one of the world's most remote peripheries—the high Himalayas of Nepal. The analysis documents that distance to the trekking trail running through the area significantly determines engagement in the tourism sector and that, among participating households, the wealthier obtain significantly more tourism income. These local-level findings show how development initiatives intended to engender a more equal distribution of tourism income at a regional scale may end up increasing income inequalities at a local scale. Interpreting these findings though the notion of frontier tourism development as a particular kind of commodity frontier, the article highlights challenges to market-oriented inclusive tourism development in the face of composite rural economies and rapidly changing livelihood conditions. It documents bubble-like barriers to trickle-down and backward linkages at the frontiers of tourism development; illustrates the need for broader analytical alternatives to dominant value chain approaches; and encourages a more robust integration between studies of rural tourism and the wider political economy perspectives of critical agrarian studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationship between outdoor sports and the age of empire on the American frontier using the lens of gender performance. Focused on the years from the mid to the late nineteenth century, it provides an exploration of hunting as a vector of imperial masculine journey and a physical and imaginative pursuit where hunters stalked and shot the iconic animals of the western states on behalf of settler colonialism. In the first part of the paper, contemporary testimonies are used to plot the ways in which hunting desires to own the animal body fuelled a powerful homosocial culture grounded in ideas of primal pageantry. Sport and game in this context represented essential elements of a performative leisure economy in which pursuit and capture dictated the terms of human-animal engagement and refracted broader impositions of colonial political authority. From here, it turns to dynamics of community on the game trail where the primacy of the sporting hero was confirmed and recalibrated along racial, class and gender lines, before travelling indoors to examine how the afterlife of the hunt (expressed in taxidermy) allowed the authority of the victorious hunter to be performed in the 'great indoors' and for colonial claims over space to be materially and symbolically affirmed. Today, the stories of the imperial hunter elite and their taxidermy trophies represent traumatic historical artefacts. However, they also denote important remnants of empire whose complicated provenance helps to explain how mutually supportive mechanisms of masculinity and colonialism operated to sanction the killing and (later) the conservation of game species. Offering a closer look at 'the bison in the room' and its embodied story of pursuit and capture, this paper provides valuable insights into the dynamics of sport in colonial space and the value of performance as a useful category for contextualising human-environmental relations in the age of empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the development of liver organoids has made it a hot spot in the field of international liver disease research, but there is still no article on the bibliometric analysis of liver organoids. OBJECTIVE: To explore the hot trends in liver organoids in the last 20 years based on bibliometrics and visualization analysis. METHODS: We searched the articles about liver organoids in the Web of Science Core Collection from January 1, 2002 to November 12, 2022. Origin, Office, and CiteSpace software were used for bibliometrics and visualization analysis. We statistically analyzed the number of annually published articles, countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords of the articles by generating charts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of articles, citation frequency, institutions and personnel involved in the research about liver organoids showed an overall upward trend in the last 20 years, indicating that the field was growing rapidly and attention was increasing. The USA had published the most papers and had the strongest influence in this field. Although it had invested a lot of time and energy, the number of papers published by a single research institution in the USA was not the highest among many research institutions. China was second only to the USA in the number of publications, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Fudan University leading the list. Utrecht University in the Netherlands was the institution with the most publications. Clevers H was the author with the highest number of articles. The article with the highest co-citation frequency was “Long-term culture of genome-stable bipotent stem cells from adult human liver”. The main fields of study for liver organoids were Molecular Science, Biology, and Immunology. The most frequently occurring keywords were stem cell, in vitro, and culture. The research hotspots in the liver organoids field were mainly focused on in vitro stem cell three-dimensional culture, differentiation and gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the spatial dynamics of imperial administration in colonial Burma through the lens of gender, bureaucracy, and frontier. Focusing on the story of Hugh Ernest McColl, a British administrative officer in Burma who struggled for promotion as a result of his marriage to a Burmese woman, the article sheds light on the spatial dynamics regarding loyalty, competence, and political priorities in the imperial administration of frontiers. Such spatial dynamics were most clearly manifested in the diverging attitudes between central authorities and local governments towards McColl's case. Drawing on archival sources and secondary literature that contextualize McColl's case within the broader textures of colonial governance, this article argues that McColl's case reveals the internal contradiction of the imperial administration, which saw a constant tension between the ideological imperatives of control and the practical demands of how to control. McColl's story is therefore a story of broader significance—of the inherent structural contradiction of colonial rule and its inability to overcome it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging research tends to define rural as any area that is not urban without considering the diversity that exists within rural environments. Using government guidelines defining frontier and rural counties, the purpose was to identify similarities and differences in the aging experience reported by community-dwelling rural and frontier older adults. Individual interviews were completed in Wyoming with 142 older adults from frontier (n = 72) and rural counties (n=70). Summative content analysis was used to evaluate responses within the framework of social influences and nested environmental interactions of a socio-ecological model. Rural older adults reported needing more medical services and care, while frontier adults indicated an absence for many of these services. Similar response patterns were indicated with regard to grocery stores and general shopping. Current interview statements provide foundational information for future policies that recognize frontier aging in place that does not equate to aging in rural specific areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Anglo-Scottish Wars (1286–1347) had a significant impact on lay and monastic communities across the North of England physically and psychologically, as the pressures of war between England and Scotland divided people along increasingly hostile and "national" lines. Monastic chronicles, such as that of Lanercost, have often been used to make sense of the material effect of Scottish raids, and how identities came to possess an increasingly "national" sense. However, less attention has been paid to how the cartularies of Northern English monasteries contributed to how monastic communities affected by the Anglo-Scottish Wars came to make sense of them. This article will analyse and compare the Furness Chronicle and Anonimalle Chronicle, produced in the fourteenth century, with the early-fifteenth century cartularies produced by Furness Abbey and Byland Abbey. It will contribute towards recent scholarly assessments of how these sources, and the events they recounted, were selectively edited to inform how the monastic communities who engaged with them remembered the impact of the Anglo-Scottish Wars upon them. Chronicles and cartularies were used together to reinforce an institutional memory, or a collective sense of connection with the history of an institution that Furness and Byland were creating in the early fourteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the recognized borders of Israel, in the shadow of the West Bank settlement enterprise, a new frontier is in the making. Central planning has designated the space as a burgeoning metropolitan region, and, in a parallel process, a network of Jewish-only settlements has been established. This study asks how the settlement push is narrated to the Israeli public, and thereby adds the Naqab to previous studies exploring the link between colonial settlement and suburbia, and more specifically with the community-settlement model. It analyzes audiovisual material produced by two Zionist organizations and finds that the new frontier is narrated as a space for reenactment of the mythic pioneer trope, and that this ideal is mediated in relation to the new neoliberal ethos of Israel as the "start-up nation." The study moreover expands on the interplay of geographic scales, thus adding an important contribution to scholarly understanding of contemporary settler-colonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While international asylum law includes race as the first protected category—followed by religion, nationality, particular group membership, and political opinion—Haitians' ongoing racialised persecution and denial of refuge across the Americas reveals the failures of this framework. Drawing on academic literature, documentary evidence, and primary sources, we analyse the racial and neocolonial logics constituting Haitians' experiences at home and as migrants through the Americas. Focusing on Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico as nodes of migration trajectories, we argue that Haitians confront a "hemispheric frontier regime". Unlike a single border that impedes passage, this multilayered frontier regime constantly uproots Haitians, even while states evade their responsibilities vis‐à‐vis asylum seekers. Over time, mutually reinforcing frontier logics of policing, dispossession, extraction, and empire at various scales—urban, domestic, transnational—structure Haitians' and other migrants' racialised exclusion from rights regimes across geographies from Haiti to South, Central, and North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The body is at the forefront of the relationship between space and sexuality, and its materiality is the basis on which social and individual conceptions of sex and gender are constructed. In this paper, we use the notion of body borders to approach the way trans persons experience heteronormativity in their bodies. Defined as those elements placed on body physicality that produce social distinctions and reorganize people's social conditions, body borders are important in the processes of sex differentiation and gender oppression that negatively affect trans persons’ processes of identification/disidentification. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 10 of 43 trans persons from a wider study, who expressed their gender identities at different levels of intensity, we differentiate between four important body borders: man/woman, puberty, inside/outside and liminal zone. The findings reveal that body borders rely to a great extent on the gaze of others and are problematic for trans persons, especially at the beginning of their transition processes, or when their bodies are perceived as more androgynous. Although the experience of body borders is oppressive and causes conflicts to trans persons, they do not impede them from opening up possibilities for new models of transgender identities which defy non-heteronormative ideals and subvert the current gender regulation, which supports these borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word ‘Székely’ or ‘Szekler’ was formed from the Hungarian verb szökik (jump, move fast, escape, run away) using the suffix ‘-l/ly’ creating deverbal nouns. The original meaning of the word is fast-moving (person), fugitive, or runaway. The formation of the social group began in the eleventh century. The process was brought about the establishment of the landlord system and frequent wars which led to the escapes and ‘wanderings’ of slaves and free people coerced into bondage. The refugees mainly settled in the sparsely populated border region, where the institutional vacuum offered them favourable conditions to avoid the control of the feudal state. Here, the groups of different ethnic origins acquired a unified identity. We can understand the process of the formation of the community by using the conceptual frameworks of ‘unintended consequences, self-organization, spontaneous order, and exaptation.’ The spontaneous process may have been replaced by the conscious organizational efforts of the Hungarian kings only around 1100. This was followed by the first mention of the Székelys in the Battle of Olšava in 1116.

The implementation of European policies at the regional level is realized through the creation of intervention mechanisms, specific organizations, and funding within Euroregions and Eurocities. The GaliciaNorthern Portugal Euroregion, due to its historical and cultural characteristics, has been benefiting from these policies. In this paper, we aim to start from a shared political and cultural history between Galicia and Portugal, particularly at the border delimited by the Minho River, to see how this border experience serves, or not, as an affirmation of European citizenship. Around the concepts of Frontier/border and Euroregion, we analyze two case studies: the Agenda 2030 of the Cerveira-Tomiño Eurocity and the creation of the Galician-Portuguese Intangible Cultural Heritage Center. The goal is to explore the potential of a policy of proximity and participatory citizenship for a stronger assertion of European citizenship.

Ever since Christopher Columbus set foot in America, the leitmotif of the travel narratives written by those visiting it has been that of shaping the unknown territories according to prefabricated ideas. The importance held by the myth of never- ending expansion in American culture has also created a fascination for everything situated beyond the culturally constructed borders of the country. Cormac McCarthy’s The Border Trilogy tackles both these matters, as it is centred around the frontier between Mexico and the southwestern part of the United States. This paper will analyse the patterns of movement taken up by these characters in crossing the borders, while also using Corin Braga’s concept of the “anarchetype” to characterize them as products of an in-between state in which the characters cannot follow a clearly structured route anymore because they belong to both and neither of the two extremes simultaneously.

The article analyzes the complex semiosphere of the city of Samara in the second half of the XIX – early XX century, transformed into a provincial center that has no ancient urban history, geographically belonging to the «inner outskirts» of the Russian Empire and combining simultaneously the features of the frontier and the provincial «city of N.» The authors prove that one of the new phenomena of urban socio-cultural life of the era of modernization is fashion, not only as an area responsible for urban costume, but also as a broad program of fashion signs, the assimilation of which led to the transformation of the provincial center, brought into a much larger rural environment, into a kind of «crucible» of culture, pulling under the surrounding space has its own level. It’s easy to be a city where the whole territory is permeated with urban history. But how to develop a set of urban signs of culture where the «wild field» was historically located earlier?

Introduction: Clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of experimental drugs and devices are the cornerstone of medicinal advancement. Enrolling sufficient participants in these trials is vital to ensure adequate statistical power and generalizability. Clinical trial participation is particularly low among certain populations, including medically underserved communities (i.e., rural areas) and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). Methods: A retrospective study design was used to understand patient outcomes and access/barriers to clinical trial participation in the rural northwest United States. A quantitatively focused retrospective chart review was conducted for adult participants enrolled in at least one clinical trial in a single northwest health system between 1999 and 2022. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to assess trial outcomes at a significance level 0.05. Results: The retrospective chart review yielded 833 clinical trial records with 753 individual enrolled participants. The all-cause relative frequency of death at last known follow-up amongst clinical trial participants was 8.90% (n = 67). Based on logistic regression, the death was significantly associated with the participants' age at initial trial screening (ß = 0.09, p-value <0.001), those that resided in nonmetro areas (ß = -0.86, p-value = 0.045), and those that lived in Northeastern Montana (ß = 1.27, p-value = 0.025). Additionally, death at last known follow-up was significantly associated with enrollment in 2021-2022 (ß = -1.52, p-value <0.001), enrolled in more than one study (ß = 0.84, p-value = 0.023), in internationally sponsored trials (ß = -2.08, p-value <0.001), in Phase I (ß = 5.34, p-value <0.001), in Phase II trials (ß = 1.37, p-value = 0.013), diabetes as a primary trial target (ß = -2.04, p-value = 0.003). Conclusion: As decentralized trial design and remote or virtual elements of traditional trials become normative, representation of rural and frontier populations is imperative to support the generalizability of trial data encouraged by the FDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to summarize the research results on corporate value published from 2000 to 2022; show the research overview, hot trends, and topic evolution of this research field; provide new ideas for the mining of the research frontiers of corporate value and a summary of the change rules of research hotspots; and describe prospects for the evolution direction and path of future research. Combining the bibliometric research method with a literature review, the research results on corporate value were analyzed quantitatively by querying the WOS database from 2000 to 2022; the analysis tool was CiteSpace. This study has five findings. First, researchers are paying increasing attention to the study of corporate value, and most of the research results are obtained by independent authors. Second, Chinese research institutions rank among the top three in publication volume. However, their research results have had little impact, with Univ Penn and Peking Univ having the most significant impact. Third, the top three keywords that scholars pay attention to are performance, impact, and corporate governance. Keyword burst analysis, CSR, value reliability, and sustainability are the latest research frontiers. Fourth, evolutionary trends are divided into three stages: research on the influencing factors of corporate value, research on the impact of corporate behavior on corporate value, and research on the evaluation and growth of corporate value. Fifth, knowledge domains include corporate value research methods, the factors influencing corporate value, and corporate behavior. The aims of this study are to provide a new perspective for researchers to study corporate value, provide new ideas for enterprise managers to manage corporate value, and achieve the sustainable development of corporate value. At the same time, the scientific knowledge graph method is applied in corporate value research, adding a new research path for corporate value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor, so we need a convenient and objective way to diagnose and treat HCC. We discuss the current situation, progress, hotspots, and existing problems of Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) in HCC, which can provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HCC. Methods: We adopt Excel 2019 software and visual analysis tools based on Web of Science database search. This manuscript uses VOSviewer, Co-Occurrence13.3 (COOC13.3) software to conduct overall trend analysis, synonym merging, frequency of countries, journals, institutions, funds, dissimilarity matrices, co-occurrence matrices, bimodal matrices, coupling matrices, cluster analysis of topic evolution time zone graphs. Results: A total of 610 papers were included, and the number of papers output showed an overall upward trend. ALBI has been valued by the industry in HCC and plays an important role in diagnosing and treating HCC, even better than the classic Child-Pugh (C-P) grade. At the same time, hot spots in the treatment of HCC and other applications of ALBI were discovered. Conclusion: ALBI score is a convenient and objective liver function evaluation index, which plays an important role in the prediction of patient survival rate and prognosis. Promoting the ALBI score in HCC can help doctors judge the patient's condition and improve the diagnosis and precise treatment effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the year 1770, with the background of a general uprising of the Auca, the Pehuenche and the Huilliche in Chile, was founded, in the Uco Valley, the San Carlos Fort, the first milestone of demarcation of Mendoza’s border. The objective of this work is to problematise this foundation through the study of the attempts to delimit this border area and the local circumstances that influenced the choice of La Isla as its location. This work aims at showing how the local elite chose this as the right place for the construction of the fort in a context of supposed urgency under the threat of indigenous incursions, despite it was not so from an eminently defensive point of view. The location of the fort was strategically decided on the basis of local commercial circuits in which the non-subdued indigenous of the south had a fundamental participation: that of the Portillo-Piuquenes pass and that which connected the Uco Valley with the southern tolderías [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]