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Introduction: The parathyroid gland is a small endocrine gland that appears as small oval-shaped bodies with a brown color. It is called the parathyroid gland due to its location closely with the thyroid gland. Materials and Methods: The study used six adult males of Felis catus from the local markets in Baghdad. Formalin (10%) was used to fix the samples for preparing all specimens to conduct histological study. They were passed in an alcohol ascending series 70, 80, 90 and 100% and cleared by xylene. Masson's Trichrome stain (MTc), Haris hematoxlin and Eosin stain (H&E), Periodic Acid Schiff stain (PAS), were used to stain the gained sections. Results: The current study observed the presence of two pairs of parathyroid glands in Felis catus animal, which are in contact with the thyroid gland, occupying an apical peripheral site and a lateral peripheral site, and located within the thyroid gland tissue embedded in its substance. Moreover, the gland appears as lobes consist of 2-4 with oval or irregular in shape and surrounded with a thin capsule. A capsule of connective tissue surrounds the parathyroid gland in F. catus is an extension of the capsule of the thyroid gland consisting of collagen, elastic and reticular fibers, nuclei of smooth muscle fibers, blood vessels, and nerves. The septa are extended from the capsule which divides the gland into lobules, the parathyroid gland tissue has three types of cells represented by chief cells, which are the most common cells, while the other two types are Oxiphyl cells and water-clear cells. Conclusion: The current study Felis catus, observed the presence of two pairs of parathyroid glands in Felis catus animal, which are in contact with the thyroid gland. Moreover, the gland appears as lobes consist of 2-4 with oval or irregular in shape and surrounded with a thin capsule, and their internal histological structure consists of three cell kinds: chief, Oxphill, and water clear cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, domestic cats (Felis catus) were kept primarily to control rodent populations, retaining a relatively independent status as a companion animal (pet) who roams outside at their leisure. However, the Anthropocene presents concerns regarding the impact of predation by cats on wildlife, and the increasingly common "indoor-only cat" is also a response to the various risks encountered by roaming cats in modern societies. Contemporary cat–human relationships are explored here by analyzing discourses surrounding the indoor/outdoor cat debate from the perspectives of cat guardians (owners). A qualitative analysis was performed on 961 online user comments responding to media related to predation by cats or discussing the merits of keeping companion cats indoors. A thematic discourse analysis provides insight into how the practices and beliefs surrounding cat guardianship are influenced by media reporting, preconceived notions of cats, and personal experiences of living with cats. Whether cat guardians believe they are morally obligated to protect their feline companions or must respect their freedom to roam appears to depend upon how cats are perceived on a spectrum from child-like dependents to independent or wild-like animals who are not fully domesticated. Using a framework of "pet parenting styles," this paper examines how roles and responsibilities of cat guardians are constructed differently in relation to the indoor/outdoor cat debate and how feline "pet parenting" norms might be changing in contemporary risk societies that increasingly promote practices that restrict the roaming of companion cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Urinary retention in obstructed male cats leads to changes in blood and urine compounds, which, combined with the time of obstruction, are linked to the worsening of the animal's clinical status. Aim: This study aimed to describe the primary laboratory changes in male cats with urethral obstruction (UO). Methods: Medical records of 386 male cats diagnosed with UO and treated at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics (FMVZ), UNESP--Botucatu, between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed. Data on sex, age, breed, body weight, and reproductive status were evaluated. Results: Over the years, complete blood count, renal and hepatic biochemistry, blood gas analysis, electrolytes, urinalysis, and urine culture were performed upon request. Anaemia was not representative in obstructed cats. Thrombocytopenia was identified in 65.5% (169/258) of patients, and neutrophilic leukocytosis was identified in 52.4% (170/326) of patients. High urea and creatinine values were detected in 82.9% (273/329) and 77.1% (256/331) of the patients, respectively. Acidemia, increased PO2, metabolic acidosis, hypochloremia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, and hypocalcemia were observed in 37.6% (90/239), 51.5% (120/233), 69.3% (160/231), 50.2% (115/229), 58.5% (138/239), 40.2% (93/231), and 85.7% (84/98) of the cats, respectively. Urinalysis revealed an acidic pH, isosthenuria, a low proportion of proteins, and a high presence of occult blood and erythrocytes per field (> 1,000). Finally, 19.49% had positive cultures. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. are commonly isolated. Conclusion: This study provides a description of laboratory changes and those most prevalent in the population under study. UO may result mainly in isolated or combined laboratory changes such as azotemia, acidemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, acidic pH, and occult blood in the urine. Additional laboratory changes may be present; however, they must be deeply investigated as comorbidities might be associated with them. Therefore, the description of laboratory changes in large populations, such as in male cats with UO, provides a reference for veterinarians regarding the hematological and urinary changes expected in obstructed male cats and instigates the search for further studies in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Feline calicivirus (FCV) commonly causes upper respiratory tract, oral and ocular infections in species of the family Felidae, with high prevalence amongst domestic cat (Felis catus) populations worldwide. Detection of FCV‐specific antibodies in serum provides evidence of previous infection with FCV and an indication of whether a cat may be protected against clinical FCV disease. This study describes the most extensive sampling for anti‐FCV antibodies in feral and stray cat populations in Australia, and examines variation in prevalence associated with cat age, sex and location. Methods: Blood samples were opportunistically collected from 669 feral, stray or Indigenous community cats from the Northern Territory, South Australia, Victoria, south‐east Tasmania and south‐west New South Wales. The sera were harvested and tested for antibodies capable of neutralising the FCV vaccine strain F9 by serum‐virus neutralisation assay. Results: Of the 669 cats tested, 69.7% had detectable FCV‐F9‐neutralising antibodies (titres ≥5). Maturity was significantly associated with higher seroprevalence and higher antibody titres, with adult cats being more than twice as likely to have detectable FCV‐neutralising antibodies than subadults. Male cats had a higher seroprevalence and slightly higher antibody titres than females. Cats living in closer proximity to humans had significantly higher seroprevalences and higher FCV‐neutralising antibody titres than feral cats from more remote regions of Australia. Conclusion: Australian feral and stray cats have a high risk of natural exposure to and infection with FCV, with the prevalence and levels of pre‐existing immunity to FCV being highest amongst adult cats living in highly modified urban, peri‐urban and agricultural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free-roaming cats (Felis catus) are considered one of the most damaging invasive vertebrate pests in natural areas globally and are a major source of mortality for small animals in suburban and urban environments. Domestic cats are also considered to be a nuisance and a source of disease transmission to pet cats and to wildlife. Historically, the most common method of managing free-roaming cats has been euthanasia, but non-lethal approaches, such as trap-neuter-return (TNR), are increasing in popularity with the public. TNR-sterilized cats, subsidized by regular human feeding, remain in the environment and continue to prey upon wildlife and to be a source of disease and nuisance. However, the extent to which these cats depend on wild-caught prey vs. provisioned pet food is not clear. Moreover, if TNR colonies are located in areas of intensive human development, predation by these cats may be focused on commensal or widespread prey species rather than native species of conservation concern. Management of free-roaming cats aimed at protecting wildlife at the urban-wildland interface requires knowledge of the diet of cats across a gradient of land-use, from rural and natural open space to intensively developed suburban and urban areas. Our aim is to use stable isotope analysis to determine the diet of free-roaming cats in southern California, using ear tissue collected during TNR sterilization procedures. We will compare stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of free-roaming cats, collected across a gradient of anthropogenic land use, to isotope values of potential prey and anthropogenic foods to determine whether they consume native or commensal prey, or rely on human-provisioned food. To date we have collected more than 300 cat ear tissue samples from veterinary clinics that perform spay and neuter procedures to support TNR programs in the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. We have also coordinated with vector control agencies and wildlife rehabilitators in the region to collect samples of local commensal and non-commensal bird species, as well as collected samples of commercial pet food. Samples will be dried and homog­enized and sent to UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility for analysis using mass spectrometry. When results are received, we will use stable isotope mixing models to estimate the contributions of different food types to cat diets. Additionally, we will plot the capture locations of each cat in a geographic information system (GIS) and character­ize the landscape surrounding each cat using data layers depicting the type and amount of land use and degree of urbanization. We predict that free-roaming cats living in more urbanized areas will consume primarily pet food and commensal vertebrates such as rats and mice, pigeons, and house sparrows, whereas those living in less urbanized areas and closer to natural open spaces will consume more wild and native prey species. Preliminary data analyzed to date suggest that many trapped cats rely on anthropogenic foods, including pet food, rather than consuming wild-caught prey, and that consumption of these food resources increases with the degree of urbanization around cat capture locations. We hope that our results can help inform management decisions about how and where to permit the implementation of TNR, especially in areas likely to support native species of conservation concern.

BACKGROUND: Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a large, heterogeneous group of degenerative muscle diseases. X-linked dystrophin-deficient MD in cats is the first genetically characterized cat model for a human disease and a few novel forms have been identified. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Muscular dystrophy was suspected in a young male domestic shorthair cat. Clinical, molecular, and genetic techniques could provide a definitive diagnosis. ANIMALS: A 1-year-old male domestic shorthair cat presented for progressive difficulty walking, macroglossia and dysphagia beginning at 6 months of age. The tongue was thickened, protruded with constant ptyalism, and thickening and rigidity of the neck and shoulders were observed. METHODS: A complete neurological examination, baseline laboratory evaluation and biopsies of the trapezius muscle were performed with owner consent. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of muscle cryosections was performed using several monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against dystrophy-associated proteins. DNA was isolated for genomic analyses by whole genome sequencing and comparison to DNA variants in the 99 Lives Cat Genome Sequencing dataset. RESULTS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Aspartate aminotransferase (687 IU/L) and creatine kinase (24 830 IU/L) activities were increased and mild hypokalemia (3.7 mmol/L) was present. Biopsy samples from the trapezius muscle confirmed a degenerative and regenerative myopathy and protein alterations identified by immunohistochemistry resulted in a diagnosis of a in dystrophin-deficient form of X-linked MD. A stop gain variant (c.4849C>T; p.Gln1617Ter) dystrophin was identified by genome sequencing. Precision/genomic medicine efforts for the domestic cat and in veterinary medicine support disease variant and animal model discovery and provide opportunities for targeted treatments for companion animals.

Abstract It is well known that dogs are capable of following human verbal instructions. However, very little is known about the equivalent ability in cats. In this study, we used a switched stimuli task to examine whether cats rapidly form picture-word association, which is a fundamental ability for word learning. We presented cats with two meaningless picture-word combinations, in the habituation phase. Then, on half of the trials we switched the combination (switched condition), but the other half of the trials remained as before (non-switched condition). If cats rapidly form picture-word association, they were expected to look at the monitor for longer in the switched condition, reflecting detection of the change. We used human speech as stimuli in Exp.1, and mechanical sounds (electronic sounds) in Exp.2. Cats expressed detection of the switched combination in Exp.1, where human speech and objects were paired. However, in Exp.2 where non-social sounds and objects were paired, there was no statistical difference between switched and non-switched conditions, although there was a main effect of condition when the data from the two experiments were pooled. These results demonstrate that cats can rapidly form picture-word association. Further research should investigate whether domestication has played a role in this ability.

In modern felinology, cat owners are increasingly interested in behavior of their pets. Based on the study of testosterone levels, methods for determining the gender temperament of cats were proposed. Estradiol and prolactin levels in combination with testosterone concentrations remain less studied in cats of the Russian selection. The aim of the research was to study the relationship between the level of aggressive behavior and blood concentrations of testosterone, estradiol and prolactin inFelis catus. The experiments were carried out in Omsk, Lugansk, Moscow and the Moscow region in 20152023. The study used 162 mature cats aged 2 to 11 years, which belonged to 9 different Russian breeds. Concentration of hormones in blood serum was determined by the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) using kits from HEMA (Russia), Sigma (USA), Vector-Best (Russia) on semi-automatic Multiskan FC analyzer (Termo Fisher Scientific; USA). The highest concentration of testosterone was in young cats, which was 16.8 and 35.8 % more (р 0.01) compared to full-aged and old cats, respectively. The highest concentration of estradiol in blood serum of Russian cats was in old animals, which was 4.3 and 33.3% more (р 0.01) compared to full-aged and young males, respectively. The highest concentration of prolactin in blood was in old animals, which was 9.6 and 48.8% more (р 0.001) than in full-aged and young males, respectively. The largest amount of estradiol was detected in female cats with the calmest type of behavior without any aggressive signsin melancholics, which was 66.7% more (р 0.001) than in phlegmatics; 54.8% more (р 0.001) than in animals with average level of aggressive behavior towards animals of the same speciessanguines, and 2.5 times more (р 0.001) in comparison with animals that showed the maximum level of aggressive behavior towards animals and humanscholerics. Therefore, it can be concluded that increase in estradiol level contributes to a calmer behavior ofFelis catusmales in homes.

It is well known that dogs are capable of following human verbal instructions. However, very little is known about the equivalent ability in cats. In this study, we used a switched stimuli task to examine whether cats rapidly form picture-word association, which is a fundamental ability for word learning. We presented cats with two meaningless picture-word combinations, in the habituation phase. Then, on half of the trials we switched the combination (switched condition), but the other half of the trials remained as before (non-switched condition). If cats rapidly form picture-word association, they were expected to look at the monitor for longer in the switched condition, reflecting detection of the change. We used human speech as stimuli in Exp.1, and mechanical sounds (electronic sounds) in Exp.2. Cats expressed detection of the switched combination in Exp.1, where human speech and objects were paired. However, in Exp.2 where non-social sounds and objects were paired, there was no statistical difference between switched and non-switched conditions, although there was a main effect of condition when the data from the two experiments were pooled. These results demonstrate that cats can rapidly form picture-word association. Further research should investigate whether domestication has played a role in this ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seabirds belong to one are the most threatened bird groups in the world. One of the main threats and most relevant risk for local extinction of these birds is the predation by introduced mammals (cats, rats, and mice). Due to the severity of the impact of predators on seabirds, investigation of the effect of predation by cats and rodents (mice and rats) on the reproductive success of seabirds is needed to assess whether the success increases when the predator is managed and for how long. Our objective was to evaluate, through a global systematic literature review and a meta-analysis, the effectiveness of predator control on the reproductive success of seabirds, taking into account the type of predator and the control period. After the review, 85 articles published between 1974 and 2022 were selected, resulting in 14 articles (16 datasets) adequate for the meta-analysis. For comparison among studies, we used the effect size of the predator control in the meta-analysis models, accounting for their sample sizes. We detected that when predators are controlled, seabird reproductive success increases significantly (mean effect size = 1.4, range: 1.19-1.64). This control was significant for mice/rats as predators (mean = 1.61, range: 1.31-1.98, n = 14) but not for cats (mean = 0.60, range: 0.12-2.96, n = 2). Moreover, short-term predator control (<4 years; mean = 1.52; range: 1.25-1.84, n = 11) was more effective than long-term control (= 4 years; mean = 1.15, range: 0.52-2.54, n = 5). Thus, the need of these long-term studies must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, also considering their increased costs. We also highlight the need for further studies with quantitative data on the percentage of nests with reproductive success, both in the absence and in the presence of the predator control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. Many invasive animals are typically active across large areas, making monitoring and control programs expensive. To be efficacious, monitoring devices and control tools need to be strategically located to maximise the probability of encounter. This requires an understanding of how the target species uses the landscape, through identifying key habitat or landscape features that are preferred and used disproportionately more frequently by the species. Spatial analysis of animal movements can help identify high use areas. Aims. The variability introduced by different range calculation methods can lead to uncertainty in subsequent habitat analyses. We aimed to determine which method is superior for accurate delineation of core areas for feral cats. Methods. We analysed spatial data from 35 collared feral cats across four Australian study sites between 2016 and 2019, and compared the core areas generated using seven commonly used home range estimation methods. Key results. We found that the a-hull method provided a higher precision of polygon placement, resulting in lower Type I and II errors and higher conformity to landscape features than other methods. The a-hull used a single default parameter and required no subjective input, making it a more objective, superior method. Conclusions. We recommend that the a-hull method be used to define core activity areas for feral cats, enabling more robust habitat analysis, and identification of key habitat and landscape features to strategically target for monitoring and control programs. Implications. This strategic approach could significantly improve cost efficiencies, particularly where existing management is widely dispersed, and core activity areas are clumped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across the world, more and more cats are being kept in captive spaces such as homes, animal shelters, and cat cafés. There is a growing need to understand whether cross-cultural differences influence human–animal interactions in these human-controlled environments. Cats are one of the world's most popular companion animals, and both the US and Japan have high rates of cat ownership. However, cultural differences may account for differences in how people feel about cats and how humans and cats behave toward one another. The research aim was to examine whether differences exist between the US and Japan across multiple facets of the human–cat relationship. Study 1 examined each country's attitude toward pet cats. Results indicate US citizens have significantly more positive attitudes toward pet cats than Japanese citizens. Study 2 examined owner attachment to their cat and pet cat social behavior. Results indicate owners in both countries were highly attached to their cats. In the US, but not Japan, owner attachment level predicted pet cat sociability toward the owner. Study 3 examined cat social behavior in cat cafés. The results of studies 2 and 3 indicate that pet cats and café cats in the US spend a greater proportion of time in proximity to people compared with pet and café cats in Japan. In all, differences and similarities were seen between the US and Japan. In humans, differences in childhood cat experiences and lower rates of cat ownership may impact attitudes toward cats. In pet cats, owner characteristics, the size of the cat's environment, cat care practices, and attitudes toward cats may impact cat social behavior. Future exploration in this area can benefit our understanding of cross-cultural human–animal interactions and how to apply these findings to improve captive-cat welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing population in Yucatan has led to the expansion of construction in the Mayan jungle for tourist spaces, residential areas, and agriculture. Recently, rabies cases in cats (Felis catus) have increased in the state. This study aimed to perform antigenic and genetic characterization of the rabies viruses in felines and to present the spatial distribution and environmental features of the areas where these cases were reported. The ArcGIS software and R were employed to generate maps depicting the geographic locations of rabies cases in cats. A total of nine feline rabies cases occurred during the period 2003–2022. Three antigenic variants were detected: dog-related RVV1 (n = 1); vampire bat variant RVV3 (n = 1); and the canine-originated atypical variant (n = 7). Cases reported in Merida (n = 4) and Muna (n = 4) were localized to urban areas, while Cuncunul (n = 1) was rural. This study highlights the concerning resurgence of rabies infections in cats, emphasizing the looming threat of its reintroduction in dogs should vaccination rates diminish. The genetic affinity between the atypical variant and the canine virus underscores the urgent need for vigilance in maintaining high vaccination coverage across all susceptible species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the dominant blue eyes (DBE) trait linked to hearing impairment and variable white spotting in Maine Coon cats. Fifty-eight animals descending from 2 different DBE lineages, the Dutch and the Topaz lines, were sampled. They comprised 48 cats from the Dutch bloodline, including 9 green-eyed and 31 blue-eyed cats, with some individuals exhibiting signs of deafness, and 8 stillborn kittens. Samples from the Topaz lineage included 10 blue-eyed animals. A brainstem auditory evoked response test revealed a reduced to absent response to auditory stimuli and absent physiological waveforms in all of the 8 examined DBE animals. We sequenced the genome of 2 affected cats from the Dutch line and searched for variants in 19 candidate genes for the human Waardenburg syndrome and pigmentary disorders. This search yielded 9 private protein-changing candidate variants in the genes PAX3 , EDN3 , KIT , OCA2 , SLC24A5 , HERC2 , and TYRP1. The genotype–phenotype cosegregation was observed for the PAX3 variant within all animals from the Dutch lineage. The mutant allele was absent from 461 control genomes and 241 additionally genotyped green-eyed Maine Coons. We considered the PAX3 variant as the most plausible candidate—a heterozygous nonsense single base pair substitution in exon 6 of PAX3 (NC_051841.1:g.205,787,310G>A, XM_019838731.3:c.937C>T, XP_019694290.1:p.Gln313*), predicted to result in a premature stop codon. PAX3 variants cause auditory–pigmentary syndrome in humans, horses, and mice. Together with the comparative data from other species, our findings strongly suggest PAX3 :c.937C>T (OMIA:001688-9685) as the most likely candidate variant for the DBE, deafness, and minimal white spotting in the Maine Coon Dutch line. Finally, we propose the designation of DBERE (Rociri Elvis Dominant Blue Eyes) allele in the domestic cat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Research has shown that animals that are used to interacting with human beings are better at problem solving. We socialize domestic cats by taking advantage of a sensitive period in their development to make them more amenable to humans so that we can keep them as pets. We studied if this socialization makes the cats better able to solve problems by giving them a puzzle box with a food reward. We studied cats from an animal shelter that used tests to determine incoming cats' socialization. We found that more socialized cats were more likely to solve the puzzle and solve it faster. We can use this information to tell us about cat socialization, cat cognition, and the effects of human exposure on other animals. Domestic cats are capable of leading both solitary and social lives and socializing to humans. This type of socialization may also enhance an animal's problem-solving ability. We examined the relationship between socialization and problem-solving ability, problem-solving speed, and latency to approach a novel apparatus in domestic cats. Socialization towards humans was measured with the Feline Behavior Assessment based on the ASPCA's Feline Spectrum Assessment. This modified measure requires assessors to observe an individual cat's behavior during three steps: observation test, door test, and the stroke and push test. During each test, the assessor examined specific behaviors that are indicative of socialization. Problem solving was assessed with a food-acquisition puzzle box that required the subject to pull on a tab to release a food reward. Twenty-four out of eighty-six cats solved the problem-solving task. More socialized cats were more likely to solve the problem, solve it faster, and approach the apparatus sooner. We also found a significant relationship between age and problem solving; younger adult cats were more likely to solve the problem than older adults. These results provide evidence that domestic cats are not only capable of solving this type of problem but also that their socialization towards humans influences their abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Cats are a common sight across Australia, freely roaming not only through urban areas but also within natural habitats, including protected areas like national parks. This unrestricted movement raises concerns due to potential impacts on native wildlife populations. North Head, Manly, located in New South Wales, serves as a prime example, boasting a rich biodiversity that includes endangered populations of Long-nosed Bandicoots and Little Penguins. Recent observations by wildlife officers within Sydney Harbour National Park and the North Head Sanctuary highlighted the presence of cats, prompting a deeper investigation into their spatial and temporal distribution. Cameras were installed across the headland over a five-week period to capture cat and native fauna activity. Cats were frequently observed at the interface with the urban area of Manly. Moreover, cat activity primarily occurred during the night, coinciding with periods of heightened native mammal activity. These findings underscore the potential for direct and indirect interactions between cats and native wildlife within the headland, with implications for species conservation efforts. This study emphasises the importance of implementing proactive management strategies to mitigate the potential impact of feline predation on local biodiversity while also highlighting the need for further research in this area. Cats (Felis catus) are widespread across Australia, including within natural and protected areas, and in many areas, cats, including owned domestic cats, are not restricted in where or when they can roam. In Australia, cats have contributed to the decline of many native species and continue to be a problem for governments. North Head, Manly, is home to an endangered population of Long-nosed Bandicoot (Perameles nasuta) and the only mainland breeding colony of Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor) in New South Wales (NSW). Camera traps were installed for a 5-week period across North Head to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of cat activity. As well as capturing instances of cats, the cameras detected native animals such as birds, possums, Long-nosed Bandicoots and other small mammals. An analysis of the camera images showed cats could be found within protected areas of the headland (where cats are prohibited) and along the boundary with the adjacent suburban area of Manly. Cats were mostly detected during the night. There were high occurrences of overlap between cats and Long-nosed Bandicoots (Dhat 0.82), possums (Dhat 0.88) and other small mammals (Dhat 0.67). These findings indicate that cats are active across the Manly headland at the same time as native animals, both within protected areas where cats are prohibited and in adjacent residential areas, and this could have implications for these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Simple Summary: Community cats, who are unowned and free-roaming, are common in cities worldwide. The issue of managing community cats is widely debated in scientific research and public media, including in China. To understand public opinion on this matter, we surveyed 5382 city residents in China to ask about their attitudes towards these cats and different management strategies. The study found that a large portion of people (more than 60%) were willing to live alongside community cats and opposed trapping and killing them, and they agreed or strongly agreed with the use of the TNR method and its variations. The study also found that men or those with lower education or incomes were more inclined to support trap-and-kill and doing nothing as management methods for community cats. In contrast, females or those with higher incomes and education levels had more positive attitudes towards the cats and were more inclined to oppose inaction and support the TNR method for managing the cat population. Based on these findings, we discussed the implementation of TNR with adoption programs in urban Chinse communities and the need for educational campaigns to promote humane and effective cat management strategies. By understanding public attitudes, policy makers, educators, and urban residents can develop better solutions that address both community concerns and the welfare of community cats, ultimately contributing to improved urban cat management in China. Managing community cats in urban China is a contentious and emerging issue, with debates centering on the most effective and humane approaches. This study aimed to investigate public attitudes towards community cats and various management strategies. A survey was conducted involving 5382 urban residents in China. Their attitudes towards the positive and negative roles of community cats in urban areas and their support for different management methods were examined, including trap-and-kill, taking no action, centralized management, and trap–neuter–return (TNR) and its variations. Results indicated that 63% of participants were willing to coexist with community cats, 71% opposed trap-and-kill, and 61% agreed or strongly agreed with the TNR method and its variations. Older residents or those with higher incomes were more likely to support coexistence with community cats. In contrast, younger or lower-income residents were more likely to support non-coexistence. Residents in first- or second-tier cities (e.g., Beijing, Hangzhou, and Jinan Cities in China) were more inclined to support trap-and-kill and less likely to support coexistence than their counterparts in fourth-tier cities (e.g., county-level cities in China). Moreover, those with lower education or incomes were more supportive of trap-and-kill and taking no action as the methods to manage community cats than those with relatively higher education or incomes. Those with higher incomes held more positive attitudes towards community cats and were more supportive of TNR and its variations than their counterparts with lower incomes. Males were more inclined to support trap-and-kill and taking no action and less inclined to support centralized management and TNR than females. The implications of the findings on TNR with adoption programs in urban China are discussed. These novel findings underscore the need for targeted educational campaigns to promote humane and effective management strategies, addressing public concerns and community cats' welfare. The study's insights are critical for informing policy and improving community cat management in urban China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Introduced predators pose a significant threat to biodiversity. Understanding how predators interact with other threats such as fire is crucial to developing effective conservation strategies. Aims: We investigated interactions between the greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) and two introduced predators, the European red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cat (Felis catus), in response to fire management in a remote part of the Tanami Desert, Australia. Methods: We used motion-sensor cameras and non-invasive genetic sampling to monitor bilbies and predators. We compared activity profiles to determine the level of temporal overlap among species, and used generalised linear modelling to assess the correlation between activity and average normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI; as a proxy for fire-associated environmental change). Finally, we used spatially explicit capture–recapture modelling to estimate cat and bilby densities before and after fire. Key results: Cat and bilby activity declined following fire, whereas fox activity increased (despite only a small proportion of the study area being burnt). Bilbies and foxes showed the greatest overlap in temporal activity (76%), followed by bilbies and cats (71%) and cats and foxes (68%). Bilbies and cats were more likely to be captured in areas with a lower NDVI, whereas foxes were more likely to be captured in areas with a higher NDVI. Bilby density declined significantly following fire, whereas cat density remained constant through time. Conclusions: Declines in bilby activity and density following fire may be attributed to emigration from the study area and/or increases in fox activity. Post-burn emigration could be due to wide scale destruction of important food resources. However, given much of the study area where bilbies were detected remained unburnt, it is more likely that observed declines are related to increases in fox activity and associated increases in predation pressure. Improved understanding may be gained by experimentally manipulating both fire and predator densities. Implications: Increases in fox activity following fire are likely to have devastating consequences for the local bilby population. It is thus vital that appropriate management activities are put in place to protect bilbies from foxes. This may be achieved through a combination of lethal control and indirect methods. Cats and foxes are a significant threat to bilbies, with their impacts likely to be worsened by fire. We used camera-traps and genetic sampling to investigate whether bilby–predator interactions changed in response to planned fire. We found a high level of overlap in activity among the three species, and a general decline in bilby and cat activity, and an increase in fox activity following fire. Our study indicated that broad-scale fire is likely to have negative consequences for bilby populations, most likely owing to an increase in fox predation pressure. Warlpiri : Minija manu pujumalu kalu-jana ngarni walpajirri kuja ka warlu-jangkalku karrimi (ngunjalparla/winingka). Ngulajangka yartiwajirli ka palka-mani kuna-wartirlki panu. Ngulajangka kanarlu-jana nyanyi kuyu-patu marnkurrpa minija, pujuma manu walpajirri yartiwajirla, wita-karri-karrirlki kalu nyinami walpajirri-watiji manu minija-watiji manu nganayiji pujumaju kalu panu nyinami nyampurla walyangkaju (ngurungkaju). Wiri-jarlu warluju ngulaju maju walpajirri-kiji. Pujumaju panu, punku walpajirri-kiji. The translation of this short summary from English to Warlpiri language was provided by Annette Patrick from the community of Lajamanu in the northern Tanami Desert. Warlpiri language is spoken by ~3000 of the Warlpiri people from the Tanami Desert, north-west of Alice Springs in central Australia. Photograph supplied by H.M. Geyle. This article belongs to the collection Indigenous and cross-cultural wildlife research in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to determine the inheritance pattern and genetic cause of congenital radial hemimelia (RH) in cats. METHODS: Clinical and genetic analyses were conducted on a Siamese cat family (n = 18), including two siblings with RH. Radiographs were obtained for the affected kittens and echocardiograms of an affected kitten and sire. Whole genome sequencing was completed on the two cases and the parents. Genomic data were compared with the 99 Lives Cat Genome data set of 420 additional domestic cats with whole genome and whole exome sequencing data. Variants were considered as homozygous in the two cases of the siblings with RH and heterozygous in the parents. Candidate variants were genotyped by Sanger sequencing in the extended pedigree. RESULTS: Radiographs of the female kitten revealed bilateral absence of the radii and bowing of the humeri, while the male kitten showed a dysplastic right radius. Echocardiography suggested the female kitten had restrictive cardiomyopathy with a positive left atrial-to-aortic root ratio (LA:Ao = 1.83 cm), whereas hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was more likely in the sire, showing diastolic dysfunction using tissue Doppler imaging (59.06 cm/s). Twenty-two DNA variants were unique and homozygous in the affected kittens and heterozygous in the parents. Seven variants clustered in one chromosomal region, including two frameshift variants in cardiomyopathy associated 5 (CMYA5) and five variants in junction mediating and regulatory protein, P53 cofactor (JMY ), including a missense and an in-frame deletion. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The present study suggested an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance with variable expression for RH in the Siamese cat family. Candidate variants for the phenotype were identified, implicating their roles in bone development. These genes should be considered as potentially causal for other cats with RH. Siamese cat breeders should consider genetically testing their cats for these variants to prevent further dissemination of the suspected variants within the breed.

This paper examines unstructured interview transcripts from case-studies of cat-human relationships, using the framework of interspecies intersubjectivity. Adopting a qualitative thematic approach, this study explores how interspecies relationships are formed and performed within the context of multispecies families and communities. Themes emerged relating to how the cats in this study became integrated into multispecies families and communities, through mutual trust-building, interspecies communication, and joint meaning-making. Examples of co-creation of meaning within the cat-human relationships included special vocalizations or signals with shared meaning that were co-developed over time. All the cats exerted their agency in some manner that influenced human behaviour. Most notably, by convincing their guardian to let them out to roam and to trust them. Although undoubtably influenced by their kittenhood experiences, individual personalities rendered some cats inherently more eager to roam and others more content to stay home. This study highlights several friendships formed between cats and nonguardian humans and provides insight into how cats integrate themselves into their communities. Furthermore, it demonstrates how cats are proactive in the process of becoming members of multispecies families.

Com o aparecimento de microrganismos multirresistentes, a cicatrização de feridas infectadas tem sido tema de pesquisas constantes. Nesse contexto, diversas terapias alternativas têm sido empregadas. Entre essas, a bioterapia, apesar de antiga, ainda possui barreiras quanto ao seu amplo uso e carece de informações detalhadas, especialmente referente aos efeitos da espécie Lucilia cuprina. Objetivou-se, portanto, relatar pela primeira vez a terapia larval através do uso de larvas desta espécie, na cicatrização de lesão necrótica em gato doméstico, após o uso de um ectoparasiticida. Um felino, com extensa lesão necrosada facial, secreção piossanguinolenta e miíase por Cochliomyia hominivorax, foi tratado com larvas de L. cuprina, após uso de ectoparasiticida. O tratamento foi realizado em conjunto com outras terapias, onde observou-se que o paciente apresentou excelente recuperação e que a utilização das larvas de L. cuprina foi eficiente no auxílio à cicatrização da ferida. A terapia mostrou-se segura para uso em animais, preservando os tecidos saudáveis e, assim, contribui para a resolução de novos casos clínicos. Além disso, expande a lista de espécies de moscas que podem ser utilizadas na terapia larval no Brasil.

Os neutrófilos são a primeira linha de defesa contra os microrganismos, sendo assim, uma célula muito importante na imunidade inata. Objetivou-se com este estudo caracterizar o proteoma de neutrófilo de Felis catus. Para isso, os granulócitos foram obtidos de sangue de gatos, purificados e utilizados 1x107 de células para identificação das proteínas.Foram identificadas 102 proteínas de neutrófilos de gatos, sendo classificadas conforme a abundância. A proteoglicano-3 associada a alguns processos biológicos como ativação dos neutrófilos e resposta imune, foi a proteína mais abundante. Dentre os processos, nas rotas metabólicas a maior quantidade de proteínas identificadas está envolvida na glicólise, que foram nove proteínas. Verificou-se também as proteínas envolvidas em função molecular, no componente celular e nos processos biológicos. Espera-se que a identificação das proteínas nesse estudo auxilie as futuras pesquisas elucidando algumas particularidades da espécie contribuindo com possíveis marcadores ou fármacos auxiliando no diagnóstico rápido e não invasivo de doenças que acometem em particular os felinos.

Abordamos por primera vez la problemática ocasionada por el ataque y muerte de serpientes, ocasionada por perros, gallinas y gatos domésticos en Honduras al presentar nuevos registros de esta interacción. Los eventos ocurrieron a través de encuentros oportunistas entre 2020 y 2023. Registramos la depredación de 14 especies nativas de serpientes, en diferentes localidades de la región hondureña. Sugerimos que se implementen medidas de control de la población de felinos, especialmente en áreas protegidas.

Spontaneously arisen hereditary diseases in domestic animals provide an excellent opportunity to study the physiological functions of the altered genes. We investigated two 4-month-old sibling domestic short haired kittens with dry dark debris around the eyes, nose, and ears, dark crusting on the legs and a thin poor hair coat. Skin biopsies revealed abnormal sebaceous gland morphology with lack of normal sebocyte arrangement and differentiation. Hair follicles had a distorted silhouette, interpreted as a change secondary to the observed sebaceous gland dysplasia. Whole genome sequencing on both affected kittens and 65 genetically diverse feline genomes was performed. Filtering for variants that were present in both kittens but absent from the control genomes revealed a homozygous missense variant in SOAT1, encoding sterol O-acyltransferase 1. The protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyzes the formation of cholesteryl esters, an essential component of sebum and meibum. The identified SOAT1:c.1531G > A variant is predicted to change a highly conserved glycine residue within the last transmembrane domain of SOAT1, p.Gly511Arg. In mice, variants in Soat1 or complete knockout of the gene lead to the "hair interior defect" (hid) or abnormal Meibomian glands, respectively. SOAT1:c.1531G > A represents a plausible candidate variant for the observed sebaceous gland dysplasia in both kittens of this study. The variant was not present in 10 additional cats with a similar clinical and histopathological phenotype suggesting genetic heterogeneity. SOAT1 variants should be considered as potential cause in hereditary sebaceous gland dysplasias of humans and domestic animals.

OBJECTIVES: A 14-week-old female domestic longhair kitten presented with shifting lameness and disproportionately smaller size compared with a co-housed littermate. METHODS: Hematology and serum biochemical testing were conducted to investigate causes for delayed growth, and radiographs of the appendicular skeleton were obtained. RESULTS: The afflicted kitten had marked hypocalcemia, mild hypophosphatemia and substantial elevations in alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as pathognomonic radiographic findings consistent with rickets. Skeletal changes and hypocalcemia prompted testing of concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D metabolites. Endocrine testing demonstrated significant increases in serum concentrations of PTH and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol), supporting a diagnosis of vitamin D-dependent rickets type 2. Provision of analgesia, supraphysiologic doses of calcitriol and calcium carbonate supplementation achieved normalization of the serum calcium concentration and restoration of normal growth, although some skeletal abnormalities persisted. Once skeletally mature, ongoing calcitriol supplementation was not required. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was conducted to identify the underlying DNA variant. A cytosine deletion at cat chromosome position B4:76777621 in VDR (ENSFCAT00000029466:c.106delC) was identified and predicted to cause a stop codon in exon 2 (p.Arg36Glufs*18), disrupting >90% of the receptor. The variant was unique and homozygous in this patient and absent in the sibling and approximately 400 other cats for which whole-genome and whole-exome data were available. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: A unique, heritable form of rickets was diagnosed in a domestic longhair cat. WES identified a novel frameshift mutation affecting the gene coding for the vitamin D3 receptor, determining the likely causal genetic variant. Precision medicine techniques, including whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing, can be a standard of care in cats to identify disease etiologies, and to target therapeutics and personalize treatment.

Dimensions of body size are an important measurement in animal ecology, although they can be difficult to obtain due to the effort and cost associated with the invasive nature of these measurements. We avoid these limitations by using camera trap images to derive dimensions of animal size. To obtain measurements of object dimensions using this method, the size of the object in pixels, the focal length of the camera, and the distance to that object must be known. We describe a novel approach of obtaining the distance to the object through the creation of a portable distance marker, which, when photographed, creates a "reference image" to determine the position of the animal within an image. This method allows for the retrospective analysis of existing datasets and eliminates the need for permanent in‐field distance markers. We tested the accuracy of this methodology under controlled conditions with objects of known size resembling Felis catus, our study species, validating the legitimacy of our method of size estimation. We then apply our method to measure feral cat body size using images collected in Tasmania, Australia. The precision of our methodology was evaluated by comparing size estimates across individual cats, revealing consistent and reliable results. The average height (front paw to shoulder) of the feral cats sampled was 25.25 cm (CI = 24.4, 26.1) and the average length (base of tail to nose) was 47.48 cm (CI = 46.0, 48.9), suggesting wild feral cats in our study area are no larger than their domestic counterparts. Given the success of its application within our study, we call for further trails with this method across a variety of species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a developmental defect characterized by sparse or absent hair, missing or malformed teeth and defects in eccrine glands. Loss-of-function variants in the X-chromosomal EDA gene have been reported to cause hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in humans, mice, dogs and cattle. We investigated a male cat exhibiting diffuse truncal alopecia with a completely absent undercoat. The cat lacked several teeth, and the remaining teeth had an abnormal conical shape. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a hemizygous missense variant in the EDA gene, XM_011291781.3:c.1042G>A or XP_011290083.1:p.(Ala348Thr). The predicted amino acid exchange is located in the C-terminal TNF signaling domain of the encoded ectodysplasin. The corresponding missense variant in the human EDA gene, p.Ala349Thr, has been reported as a recurring pathogenic variant in several human patients with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. The identified feline variant therefore represents the likely cause of the hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in the investigated cat, and the genetic investigation confirmed the suspected clinical diagnosis. This is the first report of an EDA-related hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collar use in cats is a controversial topic. Cat owners do have very different reasons for either deciding to use a collar on their cat or rejecting collar use. We conducted an online survey on cat management, use of and attitudes toward collars. Our survey participants were mainly women (88.8%), mostly came from Germany (88.2%), and owned 2 ± 2 cats. Collar use was reported by 32.9%. Overall, participants showed significantly higher agreement to the subscale risk perception than to the subscale benefit perception (Z = −56.997, P < 0.001, N = 4940). Participants (N = 318) who reported first-time collar fitting on their cat in the past 2 years used most often plastic breakaway buckles (rounded edges: 44.2%; round with edges inwards: 17.9%; rectangular: 10.4%), non-breakaway buckles were used by 14.4% (plastic: 9.4%; metal: 4.9%). The most common objects attached to the collar were ID tags/tubes (32.4%) and bells (22.1%) and tracker (19.7%). Based on lifetime experience, collar users were older, less often first-time owners, more often allowed their cats free roaming, and had less often professional experience with cats. Agreement to risks was lower than in non-users but still higher than agreement to benefits. In contrast, the perception of benefits outweighed perception of risks in recent collar users. Collar use in the past was strongly associated to risks from entrapment. This suggests that owners are willing to try collars but do not continue to use them over time as they may perceive more risks than benefits. • Collar use in cats is controversially discussed by cat owners and experts. • We explored owner attitudes most influential in the decision to use a collar. • Statements regarding risks received higher agreement than regarding benefits. • Recent collar users perception of benefits outweighed perception of risks. • In contrast, past collar users agreed strongly to risks, in particular entrapment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Habitat fragmentation can influence the diet of mammalian predators, potentially increasing their impact on prey species. Agroecosystems are fragmented landscapes that often have high densities of invasive mammalian predators. Feral cats are generalist predators that have successfully adapted to living in agricultural landscapes. Feral cats are known to eat rabbits, rodents, and birds, but it is unclear how landscape characteristics affect prey consumption. Here, we tested whether feral cat diet in New Zealand agroecosystems was affected by landscape composition and spatial configuration. We examined the contents of 112 feral cat gastrointestinal tracts collected from agroecosystems in different New Zealand regions over a 3-year period. We related prey richness and composition to the landscape composition and spatial configuration in a 500-ha area within which each cat was caught. Dietary analysis showed that feral cats were consuming invertebrates, birds, rodents, and rabbits, and that there were some regional and seasonal effects. No significant differences in prey richness or composition of the diet were associated with variation in landscape composition or spatial configuration. This study confirms feral cats as generalist predators that feed on a wide range of prey types in New Zealand agroecosystems, including some native species. Our study highlights the importance of further research for understanding how current conservation interventions in New Zealand, which include revegetation and rodent control, interact with feral cat populations and behaviours to impact on future biodiversity outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Predators typically select prey on the basis of their availability and traits such as body size, speed, camouflage and behaviour that influence ease of capture. Such selectivity, particularly by invasive predators, can disproportionately affect the conservation status of prey. Control of top-order predators can also trigger trophic cascades if subordinate predators have different prey preference. Aims: We aimed to document prey selectivity of feral cats by comparing their diet with prey availability over a 27-year study in an Australian desert. Methods: Stomach-content and demographic data were recorded from 2293 feral cats, showing 3939 vertebrate prey. These were compared with vertebrate-prey availability estimated from 224,472 pitfall-trap nights, 9791 Elliott-trap nights and opportunistic sampling that accumulated 9247 small mammal and 32,053 herptile records. Potential bird availability was assessed through 2072 quantitative counts amounting to 29,832 bird records. We compared cat selectivity among species, guilds, and physical and behavioural traits of potential prey. Key results: Prey guild selectivity from two quantitative subsets of these data indicated that cats preferentially selected medium-sized rodents, snakes and ground-nesting birds over other prey guilds, and also preyed extensively on rabbits, for which selectivity could not be assessed. Species that froze or responded defensively to predators were less favoured than were prey that fled, including fast-evading species. Species inhabiting dunes were hunted more frequently relative to their abundance than were closely related species on stony plains. Conclusions: The size, habitat preference and response to predators of potential prey species affect their targeting by feral cats. Implications: Our results assist assessment of risk to wildlife species from cat predation and suggest that cat control will trigger changes in the relative abundance of prey species depending on their size, habitat use and behaviour. Cat hunting selectivity has the potential to influence trophic cascades and conservation status of wildlife, including many species threatened by cat predation. Analyses of a 27-year dataset of over 2000 cats and 4000 prey items identified species and guilds disproportionately hunted by cats relative to their availability. Implications of prey selectivity for conservation planning are described. Photograph by John Read. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lymphomas are among the most important and common malignant tumors in cats. Differentiating lymphomas from reactive lymphoid proliferations can be challenging, so additional tools such as clonality assessment by PCR are important in diagnosis finding. Several PCR assays have been developed to assess clonality in feline lymphomas. For T-cell lymphomas TRG (T-cell receptor gamma) genes are the preferred target whereas for B-cell lymphomas most primer sets target immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) genes. Here we compare commonly used diagnostic primer sets for the assessment of clonality in feline lymphomas under controlled conditions (i.e., identical sample set, PCR setup, amplicon detection system). Methods: Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples from 31 feline T-cell lymphomas, 29 B-cell lymphomas, and 11 non-neoplastic controls were analyzed by PCR combined with capillary electrophoresis. Results and discussion: We show that the combination of the primer sets published by Weiss et al. and Mochizuki et al. provided the best results for T-cell clonality, i.e., correctly assigns most populations as clonal or polyclonal. For B-cell clonality, the combination of the primer sets by Mochizuki et al. and Rout et al. gave the best results when omitting the Kde gene rearrangement due to its low specificity. This study rigorously evaluated various primer sets under uniform experimental conditions to improve accuracy of lymphoma diagnostic and provides a recommendation for achieving the highest diagnostic precision in lymphoma clonality analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the time-consuming nature of surgical neutering and the rapid rate of reproduction among domestic cats, it is crucial to investigate alternative, nonsurgical methods of contraception for this species. Sperm protein IZUMO1 and its oocyte receptor JUNO have been proposed as potential targets for nonsurgical contraceptives. This study aimed to demonstrate (1) the protein coding sequence of feline IZUMO1 and JUNO , (2) gene expression in specific organs by measuring mRNA levels in different visceral tissues, and (3) the expression of IZUMO1 and JUNO during sperm maturation and folliculogenesis, respectively. Amplification for sequencing of feline IZUMO1 and JUNO was performed using the RT-PCR method. Levels of gene expression in different tissues were evaluated using real-time PCR. In situ hybridization was performed to localize JUNO mRNA in ovarian tissues. The complete coding sequences of IZUMO1 and JUNO were obtained and analyzed. A comparison between protein orthologs demonstrated the conservation of IZUMO1 and JUNO in Felidae. The real-time PCR results from various visceral organs indicated that IZUMO1 was significantly higher in the testis than in other organs, whereas JUNO was significantly higher in the ovary than in other organs. Expression of IZUMO1 was found to be higher in the testes than in the caput, corpus, and cauda of epididymides. In situ hybridization revealed that JUNO mRNA was in the ooplasm and nucleus of the primordial, primary, secondary, and antral follicles. Importantly, this was the first study to demonstrate the IZUMO1 and JUNO genes in the testis and ovary of cats. The results are useful for future research related to these genes and for developing contraceptives against these targets. • IZUMO1 and JUNO protein coding sequences were demonstrated in the cat testis and ovaries, respectively. • IZUMO1 and JUNO mRNA was expressed dominantly in the cat testes and ovaries, respectively. • In the ovaries , JUNO mRNA was located in the nuclei and ooplasm of all stages of follicles. • Comparing with testes , IZUMO1 mRNA expression was lesser in all regions of the epididymides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their close interaction with both wildlife and humans, free‐ranging domestic animals are well‐suited to act as conveyors of zoonotic pathogens. Yet, although cats Felis catus are major predators of bats and other groups of zoonotic concern (e.g., rodents and birds), mounting evidence suggests that their role in the emergence of zoonotic diseases may be unappreciated. Here, we use bat–cat information extracted from the popular iNaturalist platform as a case in point to illustrate the potential of community science and social media to expand our understanding of pet‐wildlife interactions. Although observations of cats preying on bats were more prevalent in Europe and North America, evidence of such interactions was documented across different geographic regions, revealing a relatively high incidence of bat predation by cats and providing evidence of cat–bat interactions previously unreported in the scientific literature. The lack of surveillance focused on cats and other pets as bridging hosts for zoonotic spillover events is concerning, considering the recognised risks they pose. Community science is a relatively untapped source of information for pet‐wildlife interactions of zoonotic relevance. It is crucial that we gain a better understanding of the interaction between free‐ranging pets and wildlife to better understand their potential contribution to past and future disease outbreaks. Failing to do so not only jeopardises human health but also puts pets at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Feral cats are a significant threat to wildlife in Australia and globally. Current feral cat management techniques have limitations that can result in wary, remnant individuals persisting in the landscape and reducing overall pest control efficacy, thus there is a need for additional innovative management techniques. Aims: This research aimed to identify whether the Mata Hari Judas technique could be applied to female cats (queens) in situ as a means of attracting and assisting the capture of feral cats. Methods: Three queens were induced into prolonged oestrus and contained in enclosures (vennels) in situ with traps attached to capture attracted feral cats. Two vennel treatments were trialled, one housing a Mata Hari Judas queen (queen vennel) and another using auditory and olfactory lures from a Mata Hari Judas queen (faux queen vennel) to compare the attractiveness of the two treatments at three study sites. Camera traps and soil plots were used to monitor and compare cat activity surrounding the vennels prior to, during and after the presence of a Mata Hari Judas queen or her lures. Key results: Both vennel treatments attracted multiple feral cats of both sexes, and each trapped one male cat, demonstrating proof of concept for this technique. The queen vennel was significantly more attractive than the faux queen vennel, as demonstrated by higher frequency of cat detections and the duration of time feral cats spent at this vennel. Comparisons between monitoring periods and when the vennels were active showed significant differences in the frequency of cats attracted to the area, further supporting that both the queen and her lures were attractive to cats. Conclusions: This research is the first instance where Mata Hari Judas queens have been successfully used in situ to attract and capture feral cats. Future studies should aim to assess this technique in a controlled area with a known cat population to allow for a direct comparison of efficacy with more traditional feral cat management methods. Implications: With further refinement, the use of Mata Hari Judas queens in situ could provide an efficient technique for removing remnant cats. Feral cats are a significant threat to Australia's wildlife, and innovative management techniques are needed to capture remnant individuals that persist following traditional management actions. This study aimed to assess whether a female cat in prolonged oestrus could attract and help capture feral cats in situ. Proof of concept was achieved, and with further refinement, this technique could be significant for feral cat management. Photograph by Abby Dennien. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A urethral obstruction (UO) is an emergency commonly observed in male cats, which can result in significant clinical and laboratory alterations, leading to complications and death. Objectives: This study aimed to correlate symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) with the urea, creatinine, potassium, and bicarbonate levels in cats with UO. In addition, the correlation between clinical score and time of obstruction was evaluated. Methods: Thirty male cats were selected and allocated into a control group (CG, n = 13) and an obstruction group (OG, n = 17). The laboratory analyses were conducted before treatment (M0) and at different times after treatment (12 h [M12], 24 h [M24], and 48 h [M48]). Correlations were established between SDMA and creatinine, urea, bicarbonate, potassium, time of obstruction, and the clinical score. Results: A strong correlation (r > 0.6) was observed between SDMA and creatinine, urea, and potassium in the OG. Furthermore, there was substantial agreement (kappa value) between SDMA and creatinine at M24. A higher clinical score was associated with a longer time of obstruction. In the OG, at M48, the SDMA and creatinine levels were 50% and 41.2% higher, respectively. Conclusions: A correlation was observed between SDMA and creatinine in obstructed cats, and significant agreement between these values was observed 24 h after the unblocking treatment. A correlation among SDMA, urea, and potassium was observed. Approximately 9% more cats continued to have elevated SDMA levels after 48 h of treatment compared to creatinine. This suggests a slightly lower sensitivity of the latter biomarker but does not exclude the possibility of congruent and normalized values after a longer evaluation period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feral cats (Felis catus) are difficult to manage and harder to detect. For 20 years, we have been using an annual aerial baiting program to suppress feral cat numbers on the Matuwa National Park in Western Australia. The efficacy of this management is monitored via pre-bait and post-bait surveys of feral cat activity on sandy tracks, and at least 120 camera-traps. In 2021, we detected cats on only five occasions, despite using 130 camera-traps with an olfactory lure known as Catastrophic. In this study, we measured the detectability of feral cats at three camera-traps arrangements on Matuwa: passive cameras (n = 57), camera with the Catastrophic lure (n = 120), and cameras with a Magnum Scrape-Dripper® (n = 63) dispersing cat urine. All 120 sites had two cameras, one with Catastrophic for comparison with data from prior surveys, plus a camera that was either passive or had a dripper. Camera-traps were active for an average of 57 days (range 55–60 days). Cats were detected by cameras with drippers 29 times more than passive cameras and six times more than Catastrophic cameras. Further, cats spent on average 2.6 s in front of passive cameras, 8.5 s in front of Catastrophic cameras, and 65.5 s in front of drippers. The ability to detect feral cats affects the magnitude and accuracy of abundance or occupancy estimates for cats. Therefore, our research highlights a severe weakness in current feral cat survey methodologies and any management decisions derived from that data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic cats are known to impact wildlife populations negatively; thus, it is imperative to determine how they contribute to changes in ecosystems and to create preventive measures to counteract these impacts on wildlife. This study tracked five males and one female domestic cat inside the Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Laguna, the Philippines, with GPS collars from November 2019-March 2020. Results showed that their average 95% minimum convex polygon home range is 51.62 ha, whereas their average 95% kernel density estimate home range is 81.27 ha. Male home ranges were larger than the female, but there was no difference between day and night home ranges. The various prey items taken home consisted of lizards, rats, and bats, which were mostly native or endemic to the area. The predation return rate was 1.1/mo for all cats. Our results showed that the cats were free-ranging through the forest reserve, which may potentially impact the protection measures practiced in the reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Free-roaming and feral cats, along with their impacts on ecosystems and humans, have been debated globally. Cat welfare, overpopulation, and environmental and public health problems have prompted interest in controlling their populations. Several techniques exist to control cat populations, but community engagement may not always be considered. A systematic literature review was conducted to evaluate if community engagement influences the effectiveness of control techniques in managing cat populations, excluding culling. The greatest control occurred with highest community engagement; adoption and education determined the effectiveness. While research on cat control exists, few studies evaluate community engagement and technique effectiveness. This information is particularly relevant in countries that explicitly incorporate certain control techniques into their legislation. Although free-roaming and feral cat control techniques are often applied in human communities, community engagement is not always considered. A systematic literature review following an update of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) methodology was conducted to evaluate whether community engagement influences the effectiveness of control techniques, excluding culling, in managing cat populations. The degree of community engagement was estimated based on the number of roles reported during the application of the control technique, which included adoption, trapping, care, and/or education. Education followed by adoption was the determining factor in the decreasing cat populations over time. The limited evaluations of control technique effectiveness, narrow geographical scope, and our simple measure of engagement emphasize the need for more detailed studies. These studies should evaluate the effectiveness of control techniques, while considering community engagement more comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive alien species are a major threat to seabird species, and the number of impacted species is still increasing. A recent study revealed for the first time that feral cats predated a large albatross species and that without cat control, some albatross populations would markedly decline. We examined this new predator–prey system by individually monitoring known‐age wandering albatross chicks with camera traps in a colony experimentally divided into zones with and without cat control. Our design allowed us to investigate how cat control influenced cat abundance and how this in turn influenced the probability for a chick to be predated by a cat. After cat controls, cat abundance was lower in controlled zones than in uncontrolled zones, while a survival analysis showed that the probability for a chick to die from cat predation depended on the zone but not on cat abundance. Our monitoring also provided a fine‐scale investigation of the various sources of chick mortality. In addition to cat predation (24% of mortality overall), our data documented predation by giant petrels, for the first time in Kerguelen, and revealed a strong and unexpected effect of nest flooding on chick mortality. Overall, our results underline the need for future studies investigating interindividual variability in cat diet and spatial ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionLymphomas are among the most important and common malignant tumors in cats. Differentiating lymphomas from reactive lymphoid proliferations can be challenging, so additional tools such as clonality assessment by PCR are important in diagnosis finding. Several PCR assays have been developed to assess clonality in feline lymphomas. For T-cell lymphomas TRG (T-cell receptor gamma) genes are the preferred target whereas for B-cell lymphomas most primer sets target immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) genes. Here we compare commonly used diagnostic primer sets for the assessment of clonality in feline lymphomas under controlled conditions (i.e., identical sample set, PCR setup, amplicon detection system).MethodsFormalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples from 31 feline T-cell lymphomas, 29 B-cell lymphomas, and 11 non-neoplastic controls were analyzed by PCR combined with capillary electrophoresis.Results and discussionWe show that the combination of the primer sets published by Weiss et al. and Mochizuki et al. provided the best results for T-cell clonality, i.e., correctly assigns most populations as clonal or polyclonal. For B-cell clonality, the combination of the primer sets by Mochizuki et al. and Rout et al. gave the best results when omitting the Kde gene rearrangement due to its low specificity. This study rigorously evaluated various primer sets under uniform experimental conditions to improve accuracy of lymphoma diagnostic and provides a recommendation for achieving the highest diagnostic precision in lymphoma clonality analysis.

Abstract Background Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a large, heterogeneous group of degenerative muscle diseases. X‐linked dystrophin‐deficient MD in cats is the first genetically characterized cat model for a human disease and a few novel forms have been identified. Hypothesis/Objectives Muscular dystrophy was suspected in a young male domestic shorthair cat. Clinical, molecular, and genetic techniques could provide a definitive diagnosis. Animals A 1‐year‐old male domestic shorthair cat presented for progressive difficulty walking, macroglossia and dysphagia beginning at 6 months of age. The tongue was thickened, protruded with constant ptyalism, and thickening and rigidity of the neck and shoulders were observed. Methods A complete neurological examination, baseline laboratory evaluation and biopsies of the trapezius muscle were performed with owner consent. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of muscle cryosections was performed using several monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against dystrophy‐associated proteins. DNA was isolated for genomic analyses by whole genome sequencing and comparison to DNA variants in the 99 Lives Cat Genome Sequencing dataset. Results and Clinical Importance Aspartate aminotransferase (687 IU/L) and creatine kinase (24 830 IU/L) activities were increased and mild hypokalemia (3.7 mmol/L) was present. Biopsy samples from the trapezius muscle confirmed a degenerative and regenerative myopathy and protein alterations identified by immunohistochemistry resulted in a diagnosis of a in dystrophin‐deficient form of X‐linked MD. A stop gain variant (c.4849C>T; p.Gln1617Ter) dystrophin was identified by genome sequencing. Precision/genomic medicine efforts for the domestic cat and in veterinary medicine support disease variant and animal model discovery and provide opportunities for targeted treatments for companion animals.

La protection de l’environnement et la protection des animaux se rejoignent lorsqu’il s’agit de considérer les animaux endémiques, mais entrent en opposition pour les prédateurs introduits qui constituent une menace pour les espèces locales. L’objectif de protection de la biodiversité, qui implique d’éradiquer ces prédateurs, se heurte à la défense du bien-être animal, particulièrement lorsqu’il s’agit d’animaux sensibles comme les mammifères. Le chat Felis catus cumule un fort potentiel de nuisance pour la biodiversité et un fort attachement affectif de la part de la population. Nous utilisons une approche socioécologique pour analyser différents cas de gestion des chats en France métropolitaine et ultramarine, et une analyse bibliographique de situations rencontrées en Australie et aux États-Unis. Cette analyse comparative permet d’illustrer comment l’articulation entre protection de la nature, protection des animaux et acceptabilité sociale implique de prendre en compte la pluralité des éthiques environnementales.

Temperament has a significant impact on reproductive function. Most studies are devoted to temperament as a mental characteristic, and the sexual temperament of cats and its influence on physiological characteristics of sperm have not been studied at all. The aim of the research was to study physiological features of reproductive function in cats of Russian breeds depending on sexual temperament. The experiments were carried out in Moscow and the Moscow region from 2019 to 2022. The study used 21 breeding mature cats aged 2 to 8 years, which belonged to 5 different Russian breeds (Bengal breed - 5 cats, British shorthair - 5 cats, Siberian breed - 6 cats, Maine Coon - 5 cats, Sphinx - 5 cats). The sexual temperament of cats was determined according to our methodology developed on the basis of modification of the method for determining the sexual temperament for stallions. Mobility of native sperm was the lowest in cats with a weak nervous system, which is 1.17 % less than mobility of sperm in animals with an unbalanced nervous system, 7.36 % less (P 0.01) compared to physiological mobility of newly acquired sperm in an inert nervous system and 9.71 % less than activity of sperm in cats with a sanguine temperament. The highest concentration of sperm was in cats with live sexual temperament, which was 3.02 million/ml more (P 0.05) than in cats with unrestrained type of temperament, 43.09 million/ml more (P 0.01) than in cats with calm sexual temperament and 56.74 million/ ml more (P 0.01) than in cats with weak sexual temperament. Sperm motility after thawing was higher in cats with inert temperament, which was 5.06 % more (P 0.01) compared to cats with mobile temperament and weak nervous system and 9.1 % more (P 0.001) than in unbalanced cats. Survivability of germ cells in Russian cats at 38 C after defrosting was greatest in live sexual temperament cats, which was 0.22 hours more in comparison with calm sexual temperament cats, 0.62 hours more (P 0.01) than in cats with weak sexual temperament and 0.91 hours more than in cats with unrestrained sexual temperament.

The growing population in Yucatan has led to the expansion of construction in the Mayan jungle for tourist spaces, residential areas, and agriculture. Recently, rabies cases in cats (Felis catus) have increased in the state. This study aimed to perform antigenic and genetic characterization of the rabies viruses in felines and to present the spatial distribution and environmental features of the areas where these cases were reported. The ArcGIS software and R were employed to generate maps depicting the geographic locations of rabies cases in cats. A total of nine feline rabies cases occurred during the period 2003–2022. Three antigenic variants were detected: dog-related RVV1 (n = 1); vampire bat variant RVV3 (n = 1); and the canine-originated atypical variant (n = 7). Cases reported in Merida (n = 4) and Muna (n = 4) were localized to urban areas, while Cuncunul (n = 1) was rural. This study highlights the concerning resurgence of rabies infections in cats, emphasizing the looming threat of its reintroduction in dogs should vaccination rates diminish. The genetic affinity between the atypical variant and the canine virus underscores the urgent need for vigilance in maintaining high vaccination coverage across all susceptible species.

Abstract Background Ehlers‐Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a heterogeneous group of heritable connective tissue disorders occurring in both human and veterinary patients. The genetics of these disorders are poorly described in small animal patients. Hypothesis/Objectives Define the clinical manifestations and genetic cause of a suspected form of EDS in a cat. Animals A 14‐week‐old male domestic medium hair cat was presented with skin hyperextensibility and fragility. The classic tragic facial expression was observed as well as chronic pruritus and mild hyperesthesia. Methods Blood samples and a skin biopsy sample were collected from the affected cat. Clinical examinations, histology, electron microscopy and whole genome sequencing were conducted to characterize the clinical presentation and identify possible pathogenic DNA variants to support a diagnosis. Criteria defining variant pathogenicity were examined including human disease variant databases. Results Histology showed sparse, disorganized collagen and an increase in cutaneous mast cells. Electron microscopy identified ultrastructural defects commonly seen in collagen type V alpha 1 chain (COL5A1) variants including flower‐like collagen fibrils in cross‐section. Whole genome sequencing and comparison with 413 cats in the 99 Lives Cat Genome Sequencing Consortium database identified a novel splice acceptor site variant at exon 4 in COL5A1 (c.501‐2A>C). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Our report broadens the current understanding of EDS in veterinary patients and supports the use of precision medicine techniques in clinical veterinary practice. The classification of variants for pathogenicity should be considered in companion animals.

Some cats live at home with their owners while others live unattended on the streets or in shelters. One might expect that the owned cats would be better prepared for diseases with vaccinations, and good care and feeding conditions whereas the stray cats would be prepared for diseases by constant exposure to microbial factors. However, no study has investigated which group has the stronger immune response against diseases. Cytotoxic T cells and NK cells are known to initiate an immune response that causes apoptosis of the affected cells when stimulated by various factors. This immune response occurs due to an influx of perforin and granzyme proteins into the affected cell. Accordingly, this study compared owned and stray cats in terms of perforin and granzymes gene expression. Blood samples were collected from 30 owned and 30 stray cats, whose health conditions were checked. The samples were analyzed by qPCR for perforin, and granzyme A and granzyme B gene expression. All genes were expressed at a higher level in owned cats, although only the granzyme A gene showed a significant difference (p