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The current paper investigates the implications of the EU Cohesion Policy instrument Interreg through the implementation of cross-border cooperation projects on social entrepreneurship. Cross-border cooperation projects are implemented in Euroregions and invest in new knowledge and innovative solutions in policy priorities spread over social, environmental, and economic domains. Policy priorities in social and environmental domains overlap fields of play where social entrepreneurs operate. We build on the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship and use a quantitative design to investigate the influence of EU-funded cross-border cooperation projects on the number of social enterprises in Luxembourg. We employed a rolling window analysis with ARIMA on a sample of 207 cross-border cooperation projects implemented between 2000 and 2020. We predicted social entrepreneurial activity in Euroregions in Luxembourg using investments through the EU Cohesion Policy in the social, environmental, and economic domains and identified a positive relationship in the social domain. The current study shows that investments in the social domain positively and significantly predict social entrepreneurial activity, supporting the critical role of the EU Cohesion Policy on social entrepreneurship. Our study discusses how social entrepreneurship can benefit from EU cross-border cooperation projects as recipients of potential knowledge spillovers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents two strategies for the development of cross-border cooperation in the Euroregion "Beskidy", in particular it shows what the Euroregion is in general, then briefly refers to other forms of cooperation, and then characterizes both documents in more detail. Initially, it was defined what the strategy is, what role it plays in the case of cross-border cooperation structures, and the mission of cooperation within the Euroregion "Beskidy", as well as key projects aimed at the development of tourism, culture, sports and education.

The purpose of this work is to determine, by means of structural modelling, the impact (direction and strength) of the imposed restrictions (in the period of Covid-19 pandemic), related to crossing the border between Poland and the Czech Republic in the area of the Euroregion Śląsk Cieszyoski - Těšínské Slezsko (EŚC-TS) on the operation of the cross-border market of cultural services, and subsequently, on the quality of life of the residents of EŚC-TS. For the needs of this work, quantitative research was conducted with the use of a standardized questionnaire on a sample of 2109 residents of EŚC-TS (1109 participants on the Polish side and 1000 on the Czech side). The obtained data were subjected to factor analysis and to Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results of SEM analysis confirmed that the imposed restrictions (in the period of Covid-19 pandemic), related to crossing the border between Poland and the Czech Republic in the EŚC-TS area exerted a negative (destimulating) impact on the functioning of the cross-border market of cultural services, which, as a consequence, led to the worsening of the quality of life of the residents of both the Polish and Czech side of EŚC-TS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Galicia is an old European cultural nation. It is also a Spanish Autonomous Community, endowed with self-government since 1981, which joined the European Communities in 1986, becoming a NUTS II. It has been an important beneficiary of European structural funds that have helped it to converge in GDP with the Spanish and European Union averages. At the same time, it has developed an outstanding foreign action with the North of Portugal that has been taking shape in the configuration of an Euroregion.

Ukraine, its civil and business community found themselves in extremely difficult circumstances and challenges due to the military actions launched in February 2022. And those processes, transformations that took place before these sad events in the economic situation in Ukraine related to the rapprochement, integration of Ukrainian business into the European economic space have received a new development. The article considers the concept and essence of such categories as business and entrepreneurship, describes practical plane of business in Ukraine in the historical aspect of business development and geographically. Initially, business and entrepreneurship in Ukraine went autonomously from those economic processes that took place in Europe. Business itself in Ukraine also developed differently in different regions.

The Euroregions are a mechanism for external collaboration of local collectivities – territorial structures created to achieve a coherent space for economic, scientific, social and cultural development. The collaboration within the Euroregions consists in creating direct links between the regions and collectivities located on one side and the other of the state borders, by virtue of the competences of the local authorities, as defined in the national legislation. The collaboration model within the Euroregions is supported by the European Union as a preparatory exercise for the accession of the participating countries and as a mechanism for the implementation of community relations between the regions of the candidate states. After the proclamation of independence, the Republic of Moldova made considerable efforts to establish international relations, by joining the most important international political and economic bodies and organizations, as well as by signing bilateral agreements with different countries. Efforts to integrate into the international community were promoted both at the central and local levels by intensifying the cooperation of local collectivities with similar entities from neighbouring countries, Romania and Ukraine. Due to the economic advantages offered by cross-border cooperation, the participation of the Republic of Moldova within the Euroregions should be of interest. The local collectivities from Romania and Ukraine have much greater economic potential compared to the districts of the Republic of Moldova. At the same time, the interest in deepening the cross-border cooperation relations was permanently overshadowed by pronounced passivity both at the central and local levels.

Abstract The article dwells upon the history of the Carpathian Euroregion as the form of a cross-border cooperation. The peculiarities of the economic development of the Carpathian Euroregion before the COVID-19 pandemic were considered. The main ways of obtaining financial resources for the development of the Euroregion economy were identified. The structure of the Carpathian Euroregion and the system of normative legal acts regulating the activity of this association were analyzed. The main consequences and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economic development of the Carpathian Euroregion were identified. Priority measures and activities for tourism development in the Carpathian Euroregion were discussed. The expediency of creating a tourist brand of the Euroregion and the need to promote tourism in the Euroregion at the international level were argued. The main international projects and programs of the Carpathian Euroregion regarding the cooperation between the states of the EU were studied. Proposals were made to improve the investment attractiveness of the Carpathian Euroregion and to overcome the consequences of the pandemic. The need to create a separate authority that will operate independently and ensure active communication in the Euroregion was established. It will also help find new sources of financial resources, develop a set of measures to support small and medium businesses, connections between the territories of the Euroregion and ensure an effective border and customs regime in the Carpathian Euroregion.

The paper presents the 35-year evolution of the cooperation tool-box of the Cohesion Policy. The authors give an overview on the history of the financial (Interreg) and the governance (Euroregions and EGTCs) tools, and introduce the debate on a mechanism designed to facilitate the elimination of legal and administrative obstacles. The last debate indicates the climate change within European Territorial Cooperation policy generated by the series of crises since 2015. The paper uses sources of information based on desk research (studies, evaluations, official documents and adopted regulations) and experiences gained from the management, implementation and evaluation of cross-border programmes and projects and adapts this knowledge in an interdisciplinary way, with a special focus on legal and political scientific aspects. As a conclusion, the paper raises concerns about the future of European Territorial Cooperation objective of the Cohesion Policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article dwells upon the history of the Carpathian Euroregion as the form of a cross-border cooperation. The peculiarities of the economic development of the Carpathian Euroregion before the COVID-19 pandemic were considered. The main ways of obtaining financial resources for the development of the Euroregion economy were identified. The structure of the Carpathian Euroregion and the system of normative legal acts regulating the activity of this association were analyzed. The main consequences and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economic development of the Carpathian Euroregion were identified. Priority measures and activities for tourism development in the Carpathian Euroregion were discussed. The expediency of creating a tourist brand of the Euroregion and the need to promote tourism in the Euroregion at the international level were argued. The main international projects and programs of the Carpathian Euroregion regarding the cooperation between the states of the EU were studied. Proposals were made to improve the investment attractiveness of the Carpathian Euroregion and to overcome the consequences of the pandemic. The need to create a separate authority that will operate independently and ensure active communication in the Euroregion was established. It will also help find new sources of financial resources, develop a set of measures to support small and medium businesses, connections between the territories of the Euroregion and ensure an effective border and customs regime in the Carpathian Euroregion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the study is the Odesa region and its activities in the field of cross-border cooperation with the neighboring territories of Romania and the Republic of Moldova. The paper examines the theoretical foundations of cross-border cooperation. The concept of cross-border cooperation is defined, its main forms are defined, the foreign experience in this field is summarized and a method for determining the effectiveness of the Euroregion's activities is proposed. Cross-border activity in the Odesa region was analyzed. Factors affecting the effectiveness of cross-border cooperation are identified. A SWOT analysis of the main economic indicators affecting the functioning of the Euroregion was developed. The effectiveness of such activities is analyzed. The main directions for improving cooperation in the economic sphere are proposed, namely the creation of a tripartite joint body for attracting foreign direct investment, the creation of cross-border clusters, in particular, the creation of a joint strategic plan for the development of areas such as the agro-industrial complex, tourism and transport are proposed.

Much attention is currently being paid to the process of delegation of authority. The purpose of the article is to study theoretical and practical issues of delegation of authority in modern European society. Delegation means the transfer of tasks and powers to a person who assumes responsibility for their implementation. The growth and development of companies currently leads to a significant increase in the amount of work performed by the head. The manager is physically unable to perform such a volume of work, there is a need to transfer part of the work and functions to subordinates, at the same time, additional powers are transferred to them. The manager is relieved of performing a significant part of the work and he has time to solve the main problems of the organization, which is the most important positive side of delegation of authority.

Purpose. The aim of the study is to improve the organizational structure of institutional support of sustainable environmental management in the Carpathian region and the Euroregion “Bug”. Methodology / approach. The general theoretical scientific methods, fundamental principles of environmental economics, cross-border cooperation, which are highlighted in the works of both Ukrainian and foreign scientists on economic problems of ensuring sustainable environmental management, were used as the methodological basis of the study. To perform the tasks, the following research methods were used: monographic (to study the principles of environmental management); system-structural (to study the essence and content of institutional support of sustainable environmental management); institutional (to assess the relationship and research the cross-effect between regional and local authorities); abstract-logical (theoretical and methodical generalizations and formulation of conclusions). Results. The developed theoretical-and-methodological, and applied provisions for improving the system of institutional support of sustainable environmental management were logically brought to the level of specific proposals suitable for implementation into the practice of public administration and local government in the context of cross-border cooperation. It was proposed to develop the Concept of balanced development of cross-border and border regions for 2022–2026, highlighting the state of implementation of current tasks, prospects for projects, cross-border cooperation agreements, integration of border regions to the European information and intellectual domain as well as monitoring the state of their implementation in the future. All of that will provide an opportunity to get sustainable development and improvement of the reputation of the border areas of Ukraine from the ecological, economic, and social points of view. Originality / scientific novelty. It was formed and scientifically substantiated from the standpoint of an integrated approach and synergistic effect, necessary strategic imperatives and preconditions for developing a strategy of cross-border cooperation between Ukraine and neighbouring countries on the terms of joint implementation of Strategies, programs, and agreements that correspond to the strategic directions of ecological, economic, and social development of each country and region, outline the needs and future goals of cross-border cooperation to avoid isolated development of only one of the parties in the context of cross-border and Euroregional cooperation. Practical value / implications. A system model of institutional support for cross-border cooperation is developed, which interacts with elements of the internal and external environment in particular based on a single regulatory framework, which will serve as a doctrine of environmentally balanced development and will allow implementation in practice a comprehensive approach of solving environmental, economic and social transboundary problems and ensure environmental protection based on complementary requirements established in border and cross-border regions.

• The borderland becomes a binder without borders, showing its geographical, social and scientific potential. • The CBC projects concentrated primarily in the area of cultural exchange, human resources development and lifelong learning. • Frontier education can be seen as a new context of modern education. • The cross-border cooperation initiatives have an impact on building the academic cooperation on the frontier region. • The proximity of academic centres provides an opportunity to develop cross-border universities network. Cross-border cooperation was broadly defined by European Union in 1980s. The joint action taken by frontier territories are the key aspects of European integration and are the main aims of maintaining sustainable development in many aspects of life on both sides of the border. This article explores Polish–German cross-border cooperation within the Pomerania Euroregion taking into account educational dimension. In particular, this analysis focuses on involvement of Szczecin universities in the implementation of cross-border Small Projects Funds in years 1995–2022. The presented study analyze 64 projects from among 3,071 shared ones. The article raises important insights into a wide area of research that indicates not only the need to describe and identify the phenomenon of initiated cross-border cooperation of educational institutions within Euroregions, but also reveals the need for a deeper, individual and comparative analysis of many Euroregions and their activities in the field of creating educational policy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]