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The cellular cortex provides crucial mechanical support and plays critical roles during cell division and migration. The proteins of the ERM family, comprised of ezrin, radixin, and moesin, are central to these processes by linking the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton. To investigate the contributions of the ERM proteins to leukocyte migration, we generated single and triple ERM knockout macrophages. Surprisingly, we found that even in the absence of ERM proteins, macrophages still form the different actin structures promoting cell migration, such as filopodia, lamellipodia, podosomes, and ruffles. Furthermore, we discovered that, unlike every other cell type previously investigated, the single or triple knockout of ERM proteins does not affect macrophage migration in diverse contexts. Finally, we demonstrated that the loss of ERMs in macrophages does not affect the mechanical properties of their cortex. These findings challenge the notion that ERMs are universally essential for cortex mechanics and cell migration and support the notion that the macrophage cortex may have diverged from that of other cells to allow for their uniquely adaptive cortical plasticity. Synopsis: Ezrin, radixin, and moesin (collectively known as ERM proteins) serve as crucial cytoskeletal linker proteins connecting the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. This study shows that a complete loss of ERM proteins in macrophages does not affect the mechanics of their actin cortex and their capacity to migrate. Macrophage actin structures are still correctly formed in the absence of ERM proteins. Macrophage migration in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo is not affected by ERM depletion. The mechanical properties of the macrophage cortex are independent of ERM proteins. Macrophages do not require the ERM family proteins for phagocytosis and cell migration, suggesting divergence of macrophage cortical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of the slow initial speed caused by the large mass of the bistable permanent magnetic actuator (PMA) in the traditional bistable permanent magnetic–electromagnetic repulsion mechanism (PM-ERM), a novel fast contact operating mechanism is proposed by using the flexible spring system (SS) between the PMA and the ERM. The novel structure can separate the mass of the PMA and the ERM at the initial phase of the interrupting process, improve the initial speed of the contact and increase the initial opening distance of the contact. Firstly, the paper conducts an extensive investigation and analysis of the principle of the existing fast operating mechanism and points out the advantages and disadvantages of the existing mechanism. In order to meet the requirement of fast interrupting and improve the service life of the mechanism, a novel mechanism is proposed. And then, the working principle of the novel mechanism is introduced. The cooperative relationship between the ERM and the PMA and the working principle and performance parameter requirements of the ERM, SS and PMA are analyzed and designed. Finally, the feasibility of the novel mechanism is verified by the experiment. The results show that the opening distance of the novel operating mechanism can reach 2.25 mm in 1 ms. Compared with 1.24 mm of the traditional operating mechanism, it improves the initial opening distance of the contact by 81.5% and is conducive to the rapid interruption of the Hybrid DC current-limiting circuit breaker (HDCCLCB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Radixin is a cytoskeletal-associated protein, a member of the ERM (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) protein family. Radixin plays important roles in cell shape, growth, and motility after activation by phosphorylation of its conserved threonine residues. Radixin functions as a relay in cell signaling pathways by binding to membrane proteins and transferring the cell signals into the cells. The pathogenic function of radixin has been found in central nervous system diseases, peripheral nerve injury, and cancers. We recently found significantly altered radixin in Schwann cells during elevated glucose, suggesting that it may be related to diabetes-induced nerve injury. As a result, the insight review into the roles of radixin and its associated cell signaling pathways may facilitate finding novel therapeutic targets for associated diseases. Background: Radixin is an ERM family protein that includes radixin, moesin, and ezrin. The importance of ERM family proteins has been attracting more attention, and studies on the roles of ERM in biological function and the pathogenesis of some diseases are accumulating. In particular, we have found that radixin is the most dramatically changed ERM protein in elevated glucose-treated Schwann cells. Method: We systemically review the literature on ERM, radixin in focus, and update the roles of radixin in regulating cell morphology, interaction, and cell signaling pathways. The potential of radixin as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer was also discussed. Results: Radixin research has focused on its cell functions, activation, and pathogenic roles in some diseases. Radixin and other ERM proteins maintain cell shape, growth, and motility. In the nervous system, radixin has been shown to prevent neurodegeneration and axonal growth. The activation of radixin is through phosphorylation of its conserved threonine residues. Radixin functions in cell signaling pathways by binding to membrane proteins and relaying the cell signals into the cells. Deficiency of radixin has been involved in the pathogenic process of diseases in the central nervous system and diabetic peripheral nerve injury. Moreover, radixin also plays a role in cell growth and drug resistance in multiple cancers. The trials of therapeutic potential through radixin modulation have been accumulating. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the roles of radixin are far from clarification. Conclusions: Radixin plays various roles in cells and is involved in developing neurodegenerative diseases and many types of cancers. Therefore, radixin may be considered a potential target for developing therapeutic strategies for its related diseases. Further elucidation of the function and the cell signaling pathways that are linked to radixin may open the avenue to finding novel therapeutic strategies for diseases in the nervous system and other body systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of sustainability, there has been a shift in indicators for assessing company performance. Stakeholders are not only concerned with financial performance but pay great attention to non-financial performance in the form of sustainability performance and risk management. This study was conducted to find empirical evidence of whether investment decisions mediate the effect of the quality of sustainability reporting and ERM on company prices. We use a sample of 648 firm years of public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In general, the level of conformity of sustainability reports for public companies in Indonesia reaches 61.2% of the Global Reporting Initiative standard. By using multiple regression path analysis the results were obtained: first, sustainability reports and ERM have a direct positive effect on company value. Second, ERM has a direct positive effect on investment decisions but sustainability reports are not significant. Third, investment decisions mediate the impact of ERM on firm value. The implications of this study are important for company management to build quality sustainability reporting and effective ERM to maximize firm value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the influence of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and Good Corporate Governance (GCG) on the performance and profitability of companies among 30 insurance companies in the ASEAN-5 countries during the period of 2018-2022. The Panel Data Regression method is utilized to analyze data obtained from financial reports and corporate sustainability reports. The results of the analysis indicate that the simultaneous implementation of ERM and GCG does not have a significant positive influence on the financial performance of insurance companies, measured by indicators such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Loss Ratio, Combine Ratio, and Tobins Q. It is noteworthy that some individual parameters show a positive influence on company performance. This suggests that ERM and GCG play a crucial role in enhancing performance and profitability in the context of insurance companies in the ASEAN region during the research period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the effective establishment of governance and corporate culture within companies by implementing the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). Utilizing COSO ERM provides an understandable framework for shaping corporate governance, defining company strategy, instilling culture and values, and appreciating competent employees. The study demonstrates that companies implementing COSO ERM's governance and culture components can attain their anticipated goals by minimizing potential risks. By employing a qualitative case study analysis, researchers explored the topic in depth; the research focuses on PT. Agro, revealing its successful implementation of COSO ERM's governance and culture components. The findings showcase PT. Agro established robust directorial supervision, an effective assessment system, adoption of a three-line organizational structure prioritizing risk control, and cultivation of an influential work culture through applying the BISA culture and IACE company values. The article emphasizes the significance of employees as valuable assets for companies, with PT. Agro consistently develops competent individuals for mutual benefit. Through ongoing training, skill-building workshops, and mentorship programs, PT. Agro invests in its workforce, fostering a culture of excellence and innovation. This commitment strengthens internal capabilities and nurtures employee satisfaction and loyalty. This study contributes to the limited discussion on the COSO ERM governance and culture components, providing a detailed exploration of the five principles and serving as a valuable material for future research in other companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 crisis has significantly impacted the global economy, instantly triggering an effect on stock market stability forcing companies to adapt to the uncertainty of economic conditions to survive. Implementing enterprise risk management (ERM), corporate governance (CG), and sustainability can help companies improve or maintain their performance. Companies faced the prospect of a stock market crash amid the crisis' chaos. This study aims to analyze the effect of ERM, CG, and sustainability on performance moderated by market crashes in companies listed on the LQ45 Index Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020 period when the composite stock price index (IHSG) crashed. Thirty-three companies served as the study's samples, while secondary data from partial least squares (PLS) and descriptive analysis were employed. The findings suggest that ERM and CG have a significant impact on sustainability and also have an insignificant impact on performance. Furthermore, sustainability has a significant effect on performance, and market crashes have a moderating effect that improves the impact of ERM on performance.

Research on enterprise risk management (ERM) has increased considerably in the past two decades. Although management accounting researchers have substantially contributed to these advancements, previous reviews of the ERM literature have not discussed in depth the role of ERM as part of the organizational control package and how management accounting research could build on its research traditions to further our collective understanding of ERM. In this paper, we therefore adopt a management control perspective to critically analyze both quantitative and qualitative empirical ERM research and specifically focus on the integration of ERM in organizational control packages. Taking a complementarity perspective and accounting for the decision-facilitating and decision-influencing purposes of management accounting and control systems (MACS), we recommend several broader avenues for future management accounting research on ERM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration between Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and Performance Management System (PMS) has become a crucial process for managing environmental complexity in companies. In this context, in order to contribute to the research field, this paper follows two purposes: (1) to identify the most relevant risk dimensions, and connected risk drivers, perceived in managerial practices; and (2) to provide a suitable way to integrate ERM and PMS in supporting the strategic decision-making process. Based on semi-structured interviews with a total of 75 senior and middle managers from 25 different Italian companies, the authors developed a conceptual model to support the corporate transition to integrate ERM and PMS processes, built on a specific set of Key Risk Indicators (KRIs) that can enable them to achieve economically and environmentally sound performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency of patients developing ERM (epiretinal membrane) after surgical procedure for RRD. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Madina Teaching Hospital Faisalabad. Period: November 2021 to October 2022. Methods: Involving patients of primary RRD; 160 patients enrolled before the operation, each patient had both of their eyes assessed, and then again after one month, and then three months after the procedure. These assessments comprised a comprehensive ophthalmological evaluation, which consisted of slitlamp biomicroscopy, OCT scans. On the basis of ERM formation, the participants were divided into two distinct groups. Age, gender, length of retinal detachment in days, existence of PVD, type of surgery done for RRD, and presence or absence of postoperative ERM were some of the demographic and clinical data that were obtained. Results: A total of 160 patients' data was evaluated, and 47 (29.4%) of them had ERM formation following RRD repair. No factor such as age, gender, side of the eye involved and type of surgery has any influence on the outcome of ERM as the p value <0.05. Conclusion: According to the results it can be concluded that ERM is a prevalent complication after SB and PPV surgery dome for RRD but no associations were seen with age, gender, side of the eye involved and type of surgery has any influence on the outcome of ERM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Wnt/β‐catenin signaling plays a variety of roles in both the dental epithelium and mesenchyme at most stages of tooth development. In this study, we verified the roles of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) breakdown in tooth root development. This breakdown results in formation of epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM). Results: Following induction of β‐catenin stabilization in the epithelium of developing tooth at the moment of HERS breakdown, HERS failed to break down for ERM formation. HERS with stabilized β‐catenin was altered into a multicellular layer enveloping elongated root dentin with higher expression of junctional proteins such as Zo‐1 and E‐cadherin. Importantly, this impairment of HERS breakdown led to arrest of further root elongation. In addition, the portion of root dentin enveloped by the undissociated HERS remained in a hypomineralized state. The odontoblasts showed ectopically higher expression of pyrophosphate regulators including Ank and Npp1, whereas Tnap expression was unchanged. Conclusions: Our data suggest that Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is decreased in HERS for ERM formation during root development. Furthermore, ERM formation is important for further elongation and dentin mineralization of the tooth roots. These findings may provide new insight to understand the contribution of ERM to root formation. Key Findings: We optimized inducible Cre activity to target HERS under dissociation for ERM formation.HERS breakdown is regulated by junctional proteins through β‐catenin.Impaired HERS dissociation leads to short tooth root.Impaired ERM formation results in failure of dentin mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Project Management Offices (PMOs) have proven their success and worth in the industry; we do not need to argue this. PMOs have had their share of names in recent years, most known as EPMO (Enterprise PMO), APMO (Agile PMO), SPMO (Strategic PMO), DPMO (Digital PMO), etc. In a presentation for the PMI Durham Highlands Chapter, I explored the various names and expectations of these PMOs. With all these types of PMOs, there is a huge need to address the integration of practices across the multiple PMOs within an organization and the practices outside of the PMO, leading to a value stream across all functions. In this article, I will focus on exploring the integrated characteristics of an IPMO and how the integration elements, namely people, process, and technology, play a significant role in the IPMO journey. The IPMO is the function that connects all other functions, internal and external, to the IPMO. Furthermore, the article will share a case study highlighting Ontario Power Generation's (OPG) successful journey in integrating their practices, resulting in OPG being recognized as the Americas PMO of the Year for 2023 by PMO Global Alliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the effective establishment of governance and corporate culture within companies by implementing the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). Utilizing COSO ERM provides an understandable framework for shaping corporate governance, defining company strategy, instilling culture and values, and appreciating competent employees. The study demonstrates that companies implementing COSO ERM's governance and culture components can attain their anticipated goals by minimizing potential risks. By employing a qualitative case study analysis, researchers explored the topic in depth; the research focuses on PT. Agro, revealing its successful implementation of COSO ERM's governance and culture components. The findings showcase PT. Agro established robust directorial supervision, an effective assessment system, adoption of a three-line organizational structure prioritizing risk control, and cultivation of an influential work culture through applying the BISA culture and IACE company values. The article emphasizes the significance of employees as valuable assets for companies, with PT. Agro consistently develops competent individuals for mutual benefit. Through ongoing training, skill-building workshops, and mentorship programs, PT. Agro invests in its workforce, fostering a culture of excellence and innovation. This commitment strengthens internal capabilities and nurtures employee satisfaction and loyalty. This study contributes to the limited discussion on the COSO ERM governance and culture components, providing a detailed exploration of the five principles and serving as a valuable material for future research in other companies.

The article considers the current trajectory of strategic management development as a science in the context of dynamically developing markets and external challenges. The use of strategic management tools is crucial in the activities of enterprises, as they provide the basis for identifying, analyzing and responding to external and internal factors and threats. These tools can help companies develop strategies that will allow them to compete effectively in their industry, achieve their goals and stay ahead of their competitors. This article indicates the main areas where strategic management as a science needs to focus its attention, develop research potential, and look for opportunities to implement in the current activities of companies. The methods of analysis of companies’ strategy aimed at identifying, assessing and managing risks that may affect the ability of the organization to achieve its goals, such as SWOT–analysis and ERM, are considered. The methods of forming strategies of economic, industrial and social character to stimulate effective work of the companies’ employees are considered.

Background: Radixin is an ERM family protein that includes radixin, moesin, and ezrin. The importance of ERM family proteins has been attracting more attention, and studies on the roles of ERM in biological function and the pathogenesis of some diseases are accumulating. In particular, we have found that radixin is the most dramatically changed ERM protein in elevated glucose-treated Schwann cells. Method: We systemically review the literature on ERM, radixin in focus, and update the roles of radixin in regulating cell morphology, interaction, and cell signaling pathways. The potential of radixin as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer was also discussed. Results: Radixin research has focused on its cell functions, activation, and pathogenic roles in some diseases. Radixin and other ERM proteins maintain cell shape, growth, and motility. In the nervous system, radixin has been shown to prevent neurodegeneration and axonal growth. The activation of radixin is through phosphorylation of its conserved threonine residues. Radixin functions in cell signaling pathways by binding to membrane proteins and relaying the cell signals into the cells. Deficiency of radixin has been involved in the pathogenic process of diseases in the central nervous system and diabetic peripheral nerve injury. Moreover, radixin also plays a role in cell growth and drug resistance in multiple cancers. The trials of therapeutic potential through radixin modulation have been accumulating. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the roles of radixin are far from clarification. Conclusions: Radixin plays various roles in cells and is involved in developing neurodegenerative diseases and many types of cancers. Therefore, radixin may be considered a potential target for developing therapeutic strategies for its related diseases. Further elucidation of the function and the cell signaling pathways that are linked to radixin may open the avenue to finding novel therapeutic strategies for diseases in the nervous system and other body systems.

The ERM protein family, which consists of three closely related proteins in vertebrates, ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM), is an ancient and important group of cytoplasmic actin-binding and organizing proteins. With their FERM domain, ERMs bind various transmembrane proteins and anchor them to the actin cortex through their C-terminal F-actin binding domain, thus they are major regulators of actin dynamics in the cell. ERMs participate in many fundamental cellular processes, such as phagocytosis, microvilli formation, T-cell activation and tumor metastasis. We have previously shown that, besides its cytoplasmic activities, the single ERM protein of Drosophila melanogaster, moesin, is also present in the cell nucleus, where it participates in gene expression and mRNA export. Here we study the mechanism by which moesin enters the nucleus. We show that the nuclear import of moesin is an NLS-mediated, active process. The nuclear localization sequence of the moesin protein is an evolutionarily highly conserved, conventional bipartite motif located on the surface of the FERM domain. Our experiments also reveal that the nuclear import of moesin does not require PIP2 binding or protein activation, and occurs in monomeric form. We propose, that the balance between the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated protein pools determines the degree of nuclear import of moesin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell shape changes mainly rely on the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Multiciliated cells (MCCs) of the mucociliary epidermis of Xenopus laevis embryos, as they mature, dramatically reshape their apical domain to grow cilia, in coordination with the underlying actin cytoskeleton. Crumbs (Crb) proteins are multifaceted transmembrane apical polarity proteins known to recruit actin linkers and promote apical membrane growth. Here, we identify the homeolog Crb3.L as an important player for the migration of centrioles or basal bodies (collectively centrioles/BBs) and apical domain morphogenesis in MCCs. Crb3.L is present in cytoplasmic vesicles close to the ascending centrioles/BBs, where it partially colocalizes with Rab11a. Crb3.L morpholino-mediated depletion in MCCs caused abnormal migration of centrioles/BBs, a reduction of their apical surface, disorganization of their apical actin meshwork and defective ciliogenesis. Rab11a morpholino-mediated depletion phenocopied Crb3.L loss-of-function in MCCs. Thus, the control of centrioles/BBs migration by Crb3.L might be mediated by Rab11a-dependent apical trafficking. Furthermore, we show that both phospho-activated ERM (pERM; Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin) and Crb3.L are recruited to the growing apical domain of MCCs, where Crb3.L likely anchors pERM, allowing actin-dependent expansion of the apical membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to describe the state of enterprise risk management (ERM) in the insurance sector. It highlights emerging trends in the application of risk management in the insurance sector and thereby reports the prominent research gaps and new avenues for research in ERM. The research adopts a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, using 187 research papers spanning 44 years (1977–2021). The paper identifies the fact that most ERM and insurance sector research is performed in North America and Europe, while developing economies in Asia and Africa lag. The paper establishes a three-way relationship between ERM, risk management (RM) and risk-based capital (RBC) where RM is a subset of ERM and RBC is a driver of ERM. The research shows that very few studies are conducted on risk culture, three lines of defence and the role of chief risk officers. The determinants of ERM identified are board, firm size, audit and risk management committee and corporate governance. The determinants identified for firm value are return on assets, return on equity, profit, Tobin's Q, among others. This research provides a way for academicians, practitioners and policy makers to design effective strategies for implementing ERM in organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowdfunding is a web-based financing scheme which aims to generate initial capital for startups. Nowadays, there are numerous programs which face the shortage in capital has already launching by crowdfunding. Meanwhile, there are always lots of potential investors who are puzzled by their choices and are thus cannot join them. In this paper, an assessment framework of crowdfunding projects founded on the three-way decision (TWD) is offered to solve the issue. The fuzziness and uncertainty in the evaluation information are the major factors affecting the accuracy of the output and the Fermatean fuzzy sets (FFS) of the proposed model conquers the problem. A Preference Selection Index - Standard Deviation Bayesian method is arranged to determine objective attribute weights with the precise and reliable data. Traditional fuzzy aggregation operators do not perform well in extreme and contradictory information processing situations, and FFS - evidence reasoning methodology (ERM) is proposed to gather messages, while the conditional probability is exported from the similarity metric. Improved FFS objective relative utility function supports TWD classifications and rankings, and the TWD-SAHARA utility function offers non-linear benefits tailored to human psychology. The proposed FF-PSI-SD-ERM-TWD has been utilized on eight crowdsourcing projects, and its effectiveness has been proven by sensitivity analysis and the results comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in an adult English population. Methods: The Bridlington Eye Assessment Project is a population-based study of eye disease among residents aged 65 years or older. Comprehensive interviews and ophthalmic examinations were conducted to assess potential risk factors. Digital mydriatic nonstereoscopic 30° colour fundus photography (CFP) was performed. ERMs were classified as primary/idiopathic or secondary on the basis of findings from the ocular examination and the structured questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to determine the independence of potential risk factors for idiopathic ERMs. Results: In a comprehensive screening of 3588 patients aged over 65, we identified an eye-based prevalence of ERMs of 4.26% and a subject-based prevalence of ERMs of 6.88%. The majority of these cases were idiopathic in nature (90.7%), while 9.3% were secondary ERMs; predominantly, there was a history of cataract surgery (43.5%). No significant correlation between idiopathic ERMs and factors such as age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, a history of stroke, or the presence of AMD was found. Conclusions: The prevalence of ERMs in an elderly English population and the proportion of idiopathic and secondary ERMs are similar to previous reports. However, in elderly patients aged over 65 years, age is not a risk factor for the presence of idiopathic ERMs. The presence of diabetes, hypertension, a history of stroke, and AMD of any grade was not associated with ERMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence of the influence Enterprise Risk Management, Size, Return on Asset, Managerial's Ownership on the Value of Mining Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, the research samples obtained totaled 20 companies with a research period from 2019-2021 so that there were 60 units of analysis. The research design was quantitative descriptive. The analysis technique in this research is multiple regression analysis method. The results showed that ROA has a significant positive effect, ERM,Size, and Managerial's Ownership has no effect on firm value. The implication of this research is that companies must pay attention to profitability and those that can affect stock prices so that company value can increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic resource reviews written by librarians are a valuable way to identify potential content platforms and stay current on new resources. Resource-focused articles can also assist with learning about useful features, training others, and marketing to potential user groups. However, articles evaluating or highlighting innovative uses of resources may be published in disparate journals or online platforms and are not collocated. Small or solo-staffed libraries may not subscribe to library and information sciences databases or journals that contain reviews of electronic resources. And many of these reviews or other useful articles are open access. With this in mind, the main aim of the LERRN citation database was to create a freely available citation database that brings together electronic resource reviews and other content that can assist librarians in appraising and using electronic resources.

Потреба в ефективному управлінні ризиками підприємства (Enterprise Risk Management, ERM) актуальна в Україні в наш час, оскільки всі підприємства стикаються з проблемами викликаними війною. За допомогою програмного забезпечення VOSviewer, проведено бібліометричний контент-аналіз досліджень щодо ERM на основі ключових слів, цитувань, географічного розподілу та авторства, зібраних із бази даних Web of Science Core Collection. Отримані результати показують, що існують чотири основні сфери наукового інтересу в галузі досліджень ERM. Це підкреслює значення ефективного управління ризиками для підприємств, які прагнуть збільшити свою загальну ефективність.

The ERM protein family, which consists of three closely related proteins in vertebrates, ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM), is an ancient and important group of cytoplasmic actin-binding and organizing proteins. With their FERM domain, ERMs bind various transmembrane proteins and anchor them to the actin cortex through their C-terminal F-actin binding domain, thus they are major regulators of actin dynamics in the cell. ERMs participate in many fundamental cellular processes, such as phagocytosis, microvilli formation, T-cell activation and tumor metastasis. We have previously shown that, besides its cytoplasmic activities, the single ERM protein of Drosophila melanogaster, moesin, is also present in the cell nucleus, where it participates in gene expression and mRNA export. Here we study the mechanism by which moesin enters the nucleus. We show that the nuclear import of moesin is an NLS-mediated, active process. The nuclear localization sequence of the moesin protein is an evolutionarily highly conserved, conventional bipartite motif located on the surface of the FERM domain. Our experiments also reveal that the nuclear import of moesin does not require PIP2 binding or protein activation, and occurs in monomeric form. We propose, that the balance between the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated protein pools determines the degree of nuclear import of moesin.

Abstract Background This study aims to explore the antibacterial activity of cethromycin against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and its relationship with multilocus sequence typing (MLST), erythromycin ribosomal methylase (erm) genes and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotypes of S. aureus. Results The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cethromycin against 245 S. aureus clinical isolates ranged from 0.03125 to ≥ 8 mg/L, with the resistance of 38.8% in 121 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study also found that cethromycin had strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus, with the MIC ≤ 0.5 mg/L in 55.4% of MRSA and 60.5% of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), respectively. The main MLSTs of 121 MRSA were ST239 and ST59, and the resistance of ST239 isolates to cethromycin was higher than that in ST59 isolates (P = 0.034). The top five MLSTs of 124 MSSA were ST7, ST59, ST398, ST88 and ST120, but there was no difference in the resistance of MSSA to cethromycin between these STs. The resistance of ermA isolates to cethromycin was higher than that of ermB or ermC isolates in MRSA (P = 0.016 and 0.041, respectively), but the resistance of ermB or ermC isolates to cethromycin was higher than that of ermA isolates in MSSA (P = 0.019 and 0.026, respectively). The resistance of constitutive MLSB (cMLSB) phenotype isolates to cethromycin was higher than that of inducible MLSB (iMLSB) phenotype isolates in MRSA (P

Background: The aim of this research was to see if a refractive enhanced monofocal IOL (Eyhance IOL, IOL Abbott Medical Optics, Inc., Santa Ana, CA, USA) can provide better intermediate vision in patients undergoing phaco-vitrectomy due to cataract and epiretinal macular membrane (ERM). Methods: A nonrandomized prospective observational comparative study enrolled patients affected by cataract and ERM undergoing phaco-vitrectomy. A follow up of 6 months was established. Corrected and uncorrected visual acuity of both monocular and binocular types were assessed regarding intermediate and far distances. The CATQUEST 9-SF questionnaire was administered preoperatively and at the last follow-up. Results: Twenty-three eyes of twenty-three patients were enrolled, with 11 in the enhanced monofocal group. The uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity after 6 months was not statistically different. Both monocular and binocular uncorrected intermediate visual acuity after 6 months were higher in the enhanced monofocal group (p < 0.001). The corrected intermediate visual acuity after 6 months was higher in the enhanced monofocal group (p = 0.01). The CATQUEST-9SF questionnaire showed significant differences in the variation between the preoperative condition and six-month postoperative results (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This refractive enhanced monofocal IOL can provide better intermediate vision compared to a standard monofocal IOL in patients undergoing phaco-vitrectomy due to cataracts and ERM. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: This study aims to explore the antibacterial activity of cethromycin against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and its relationship with multilocus sequence typing (MLST), erythromycin ribosomal methylase (erm) genes and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotypes of S. aureus. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cethromycin against 245 S. aureus clinical isolates ranged from 0.03125 to ≥ 8 mg/L, with the resistance of 38.8% in 121 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study also found that cethromycin had strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus, with the MIC ≤ 0.5 mg/L in 55.4% of MRSA and 60.5% of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), respectively. The main MLSTs of 121 MRSA were ST239 and ST59, and the resistance of ST239 isolates to cethromycin was higher than that in ST59 isolates (P = 0.034). The top five MLSTs of 124 MSSA were ST7, ST59, ST398, ST88 and ST120, but there was no difference in the resistance of MSSA to cethromycin between these STs. The resistance of ermA isolates to cethromycin was higher than that of ermB or ermC isolates in MRSA (P = 0.016 and 0.041, respectively), but the resistance of ermB or ermC isolates to cethromycin was higher than that of ermA isolates in MSSA (P = 0.019 and 0.026, respectively). The resistance of constitutive MLSB (cMLSB) phenotype isolates to cethromycin was higher than that of inducible MLSB (iMLSB) phenotype isolates in MRSA (P < 0.001) or MSSA (P = 0.036). The ermA, ermB and ermC genes was mainly found in ST239, ST59 and ST1 isolates in MRSA, respectively. Among the MSSA, the ermC gene was more detected in ST7, ST88 and ST120 isolates, but more ermB genes were detected in ST59 and ST398 isolates. The cMLSB phenotype was more common in ST239 and ST59 isolates of MRSA, and was more frequently detected in ST59, ST398, and ST120 isolates of MSSA. Conclusion: Cethromycin had strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The resistance of MRSA to cethromycin may had some clonal aggregation in ST239. The resistance of S. aureus carrying various erm genes or MLSB phenotypes to cethromycin was different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A taxonomia é uma regra de classificação aplicada a um conjunto de objetos, utilizada com sucesso nas áreas de biologia, educação e medicina. No ambiente desafiador em que as organizações se encontram, a gestão de riscos é instrumento essencial para responder adequadamente aos desafios que emergem das ações executadas para o alcance dos objetivos organizacionais. A necessidade de avaliação de riscos coletivos aos quais as instituições estão expostas, evidencia a taxonomia como solução para viabilizar o gerenciamento integrado de riscos e fortalecer o programa de Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) da empresa. A revisão de literatura ora realizada, com foco na avaliação dos resultados provenientes da implementação de programas de ERM, apresenta as seguintes conclusões: a) o gerenciamento de riscos corporativos pode ser visto como combinação de governança de riscos e gerenciamento integrado de riscos. A governança de riscos estabelece as diretrizes e estruturas de gerenciamento de risco, papeis e responsabilidades com objetivo de garantir a manutenção e eficácia do programa de ERM, enquanto gerenciamento integrado compreende a habilitação de sistemas e processos capazes de prover resposta adequada para a coletividade de riscos que podem impactar os objetivos da organização; b) são diversos os estudos que defendem resultados positivos, inclusive financeiros, decorrentes da implementação de programas de ERM, o que sugere entrega de valor que extrapola o benefício de aderência a requisitos regulatórios previstos para alguns setores; c) taxonomia de riscos é um tema incipiente na literatura de ERM, apesar do potencial promissor para gerir a coletividade de riscos aos quais as empresas estão expostas.

In order to satisfy the fast, accurate and high reliability of banknote image recognition, a banknote image recognition method based on hidden Markov models (MHH) is proposed in this paper. The grid method is used to extract banknote image features and the process of image preprocessing. By analysing the experimental data, the number of Markov model states, the number of iterations and the number of Gaussian models is finally determined. This method can be used to identify any currency. In this paper, 16000 pieces of RMB were collected by the self-developed banknote cleaner as experimental samples. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves higher recognition rate than using neural network and support vector function.

Abstract Background To identify the predictive parameter among preoperative measurements that best predicts postoperative visual outcome in the epiretinal membrane (ERM). Methods Thirty-three consecutive patients with idiopathic unilateral ERM patients between 2015 and 2018 were enrolled. Nineteen healthy normal eyes were selected as an independent age-matched group. Based on preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT), we further divided the patients with ERM into two groups: type 1, loosely attached ERM, and type 2, tight adherent ERM. We documented the vision and thickness of various retinal layers: nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer (GCL + IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer retinal layer (ORL), and retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch complex layer before and after the surgery. The association between postoperative visual acuity and these variables was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Results All retinal layers of ERM eyes were thicker than the normal eyes (P

Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) are the result of fibro-cellular proliferation that cause distortion and impairment of central vision. We hypothesized that select microRNAs (miRs) regulate retinal fibro-proliferation and ERM formation. Following IRB approval, a pilot study was performed in patients presenting for retina surgery with and without clinical ERMs. Total RNA was isolated from ERM tissue and controls from non-ERM vitreous and subjected to miR profiling via microarray analysis. MiR-494 was identified as the only miR selectively expressed at significantly greater levels, and in silico analysis identified p27 as a putative fibroproliferative gene target of miR-494. In vitro testing of miR-494 and p27 in fibrotic transformation was assessed in spontaneously immortalized human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and human Müller cell lines, stimulated to transform into a fibroproliferative state via transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). Fibroproliferative transformation was characterized by de novo cellular expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA). In both RPE and Müller cells, both TGFβ and miR-494 mimic decreased p27 expression. In parallel experiments, transfection with p27 siRNA augmented TGFβ-induced αSMA expression, while only in RPE cells did co-transfection with miR-494 inhibitor decrease αSMA levels. These results demonstrate that miR-494 augments fibrotic transformation in both Müller cells and RPEs, however only in RPEs does miR-494 mediate fibrotic transformation via p27. As p27 is known to regulate cellular proliferation and differentiation, future studies should extend clinical testing of miR-494 and/or p27 as a potential novel non-surgical therapy for ERMs, as well as identify relevant miR-494 targets in Müller cells.

This paper analyzes whether the degree of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) implementation affects the performance obtained by insurance companies in the context of Solvency II. We have constructed a composite ERM index of 76 variables based on the responses from the chief risk officers (CROs) of 44 insurance entities in one of the EU's largest insurance markets, namely, Spain. The results show that the higher the degree and quality of ERM implementation there is, the better the return on equity (ROE) and risk-adjusted return on assets (ROAadj) there is. We find that risk governance makes performance standards higher and more stable. Finally, our results suggest that models that run on Solvency II penalize small companies, meaning that improvements in management can offset the costs involved in its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of a company has a clear purpose. In carrying out business activities to achieve company goals, of course the company will face various risks. Risk can be said as the possible outcome of a process that does not meet expectations. ERM began to be recognized by the public after the Committee of Sponsoring Organization of The Treadway Commission (COSO) published it in 2004. ERM can be said to be a comprehensive and useful approach for managing overall corporate risk, reducing threat levels, and maximizing opportunities. Apart from enterprise risk management, intellectual capital is also an important non-financial information to be disclosed in a company's financial statements. Intellectual Capital is information and knowledge that can be applied to a job to create value in the company. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of disclosure of enterprise risk management and intellectual capital on company value in LQ45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2018-2020 period. The research method used in this research is hypothesis testing, namely to analyze the effect of enterprise risk management disclosures and company value intellectual capital. Based on the research conducted, it was found that enterprise risk management affects firm value in a negative direction, while intellectual capital has no effect on firm value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the significant factors in the valuation of publicly listed firms is their market beta coefficient, commonly utilised in the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) as a proxy for stock volatility directly affecting market value. This article's primary purpose is to explore the theoretical basis for future empirical research into the relationship between the market beta coefficient and enterprise risk management (ERM). The author explores academic literature about various researched variables affecting the market beta coefficient in the context of the neoclassical capital asset pricing model, which was founded on the premise of an efficient market hypothesis. The review starts with the works of orthodox theorists and moves on to the works of less orthodox ones who argue that neoclassical models might be flawed due to inherent market inefficiencies. Next, the article takes us to the works of proponents of radical theorems of a world of multidimensional risk and return relationships clashing outright with neoclassical views. Lastly, the author explores a relatively new and evolving modern ERM practice as a potential endogenous and idiosyncratic variable of indirect influence on a forward-looking market beta and its impact on the firm's value, from a somewhat novel angle in the CAPM controversy. The review identifies gaps in the literature about a specific cause-and-effect relationship between ERM and the market beta coefficient. This paper adds to the literature by exploring controversies surrounding the market beta coefficient and ERM viewpoints disparity and bridging the two subject matters with the aim of further research study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many modern computational approaches to classical problems in quantitative finance are formulated as empirical loss minimization (ERM), allowing direct applications of classical results from statistical machine learning. These methods, designed to directly construct the optimal feedback representation of hedging or investment decisions, are analyzed in this framework demonstrating their effectiveness as well as their susceptibility to generalization error. Use of classical techniques shows that over‐training renders trained investment decisions to become anticipative, and proves overlearning for large hypothesis spaces. On the other hand, nonasymptotic estimates based on Rademacher complexity show the convergence for sufficiently large training sets. These results emphasize the importance of synthetic data generation and the appropriate calibration of complex models to market data. A numerically studied stylized example illustrates these possibilities, including the importance of problem dimension in the degree of overlearning, and the effectiveness of this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is three-fold. First, examine the effect of ERM on the operational and financial performances; second, the effect of competitive advantage on operational and financial performances; and third, explore the mediating roles of competitive advantage and financial literacy on the relationship between ERM and the operational and financial performances of SMEs in Ghana. Sampling 8,384 SMEs purposively, the analytical framework was based on SMART PLS-SEM. The empirical results reveal that ERM just as competitive advantage are positive determinants of financial and operational performances of SMEs. Financial literacy does not mediate the relationship between ERM and financial performance, although it partially mediates the relationship between ERM and operational performance just as competitive advantage partially mediates ERM and financial performance. Competitive advantage mediates between ERM and operational performance of SMEs in Ghana. Therefore, effective ERM practices and competitive advantage strategies are necessary conditions for the long-run sustainability of Ghanaian SMEs by way of improved financial and operational performances, given that the key officers are financial literate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BrainFit is an education company that provides services for students to improve their learning skills through various brain training in form of small classes. The services they have are on-site and online activities. For students to do brain training, trainers are provided to guide them throughout the session. BrainFit has a standard to provide their best experience towards the customers as well as the employees. In this observation, the researcher would like to understand whether employee relationship management can influence the employee performance and whether organization culture can influence the employee performance in BrainFit Indonesia. Descriptive analysis and inferential analysis completed using SPSS version 28. The researcher distributed a questionnaire to 30 respondents of BrainFit Indonesia located in Jakarta. Validity test, reliability test, normality test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test are used to determine whether the results of the questionnaire can be used for determining the influences of employee relationship management and organization culture towards employee performance. Linear regression test is also used to determine the influences. Based on the results, employee relationship management does not influence employee performance significantly, while organization culture does influence employee performance significantly. It is suggested to experiment on other such as work stress variables, leadership style, and work discipline as to whether it could influence employee performance.

The cytoskeleton of mammal oocytes provides structural support to the plasma membrane and contributes to critical cellular dynamic processes such as nuclear positioning, germinal vesicle breakdown, spindle orientation, chromosome segregation, polar body extrusion, and transmembrane signaling pathways. The ERM family (ezrin, radixin and moesin) well known as membrane-cytoskeletal crosslinkers play a crucial role in organizing plasma membrane domains through their capacity to interact with transmembrane proteins and the underlying cytoskeleton. Recent works mainly focused on the structural analysis of the ERM family members and their binding partners, together with multiple functions in cell mitosis, have significantly advanced our understanding of the importance of membrane–cytoskeletal interactions. In the present study, we documented that p -ERM was expressed and localized at cortical and nucleus during mouse oocyte meiosis. p -ERM and microfilaments were colocalized from GV to MII during mouse oocyte maturation. After being treated with cytochalasin B (CB), the F-actin was disassembled. Meanwhile, p -ERM exhibited a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution and no special staining was detected in either the oocyte membrane or condensed chromosomes. p -ERM depletion by trim-away caused the meiotic procedure arrest with a significantly lower polar body extrusion rate. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the subcellular distribution of p -ERM is correlated with microfilaments. Meanwhile, the p -ERM contributes to the first polar extrusion but does not regulate the microfilament assembly. • The distribution polarity of p -ERM in mouse oocytes is opposite to that of F-actin during. • p -ERM depletion causes aberrant spindle assembly and the failure of polar body extrusion in mouse oocytes. • p -ERM is not involved in the assembly of F-actin in mouse oocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The main purpose of the article is to determine the key success factors of enterprise risk management systems, understood as the characteristics of these systems that have the greatest impact on the effectiveness of their functioning.

SMEs are perceived as more exposed to the consequences of external shocks. The purpose of our work is to examine whether the ERM sophistication or corporate governance mechanisms could be relevant in resistance to COVID-19 shock in the SMEs. In particular, we hypothesize that the SMEs with greater degree of ERM sophistication and stronger CG mechanisms will have a clearer understanding about the severity of the impacts from COVID-19. Our empirical evidence is based on the results of a survey conducted within a large sample of SMEs operating in Poland and in Germany within different experimental settings. We have found that the ERM and CG sophistication influence the perception of COVID-19 interruptions and will alert companies to adjust their business strategy and organizational structure to better cope with effects of the current crisis. The proposed framework can also be a valuable tool for consultants to use to enhance the ERM systems in SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]