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Copyright of Direito e Práxis is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The liberal reading of Montesquieu not only evokes his conception of checks and balances, it insists on the distance taken by Montesquieu from the republican conception of liberty. Montesquieu would express his choice in favor of the "modern republic", representative and merchant in the English style, to the detriment of the "participatory republic" of the ancients and the absolutist monarchy of the French style. The Spirit of the Laws would make the English model the regime most in keeping with human nature, the one that would best guarantee the security of individuals. If we accept this view of things, positive liberty gives way here to negative liberty, defined as independence within a sphere protected by law, guaranteed by the separation of powers within the representative system. In order to assess the relevance of this interpretation, this article will examine (I) the definitions of political liberty that Montesquieu distinguishes from so-called "philosophical" liberty; secondly, it will consider the "solution" he proposes in The Spirit of the Laws to the risk that despotism poses to all governments. The purpose here will be to assess the status of the "English model" (II). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente trabajo pretende demostrar que la categoría despotismo analizada por Tocqueville afecta principalmente a la subjetividad y no a la lógica social de la democracia moderna. Para demostrar esta premisa, se explora la influencia de la filosofía política aristotélica en la psicología moral del autor francés, para mostrar que los atributos empíricos de esta conexión permiten constatar una concepción «asentida» de despotismo que condiciona el comportamiento, en detrimento de interpretaciones que abogan por una exclusiva congruencia estructural de sus efectos.

Copyright of Revista Philósophos is the property of Revista Philosophos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Quantas vezes e de que modos inusitados uma civilização deve romper com um regime militar para que se lhe imponha um fim? Tal interpelação sobre rupturas ou simples descontinuidades entre regimes políticos é colocada em face de três quadros descritivos sintéticos que cobrem da história egípcia colonial moderna ao período conhecido como baᶜd al-Thaūra (pós-Revolução), que tem início com o fim do governo militar de Ḥusnī Mubārak, em 2011. Parte-se do entendimento de que passar em revisão a história recente de países como o Egito auxilia a compreender que, para se começar a especular sobre escalas e medidas de rupturas ou de convivências com continuidades de culturas despóticas, é preciso, antes, abordar as viradas nas formas de restituição e subtração de sujeitos e subjetivações coloniais de um Estado-nação.

El presente trabajo reconstruye la influencia de Aristóteles en Tocqueville para revitalizar el valor empírico e histórico de su psicología de la democracia, y “polemizar” con interpretaciones racionalistas. De este modo, introduce correctivos en interpretaciones exclusivamente racionalistas y cognoscitivas que yuxtaponen los diferentes modelos de despotismo concebidos por Tocqueville para reconstruir resultados equivalentes de sus efectos. En función de estas premisas, subraya la originalidad del autor francés en el tema del despotismo, argumentando una versión hegemónica de sus efectos destinada a reproducirse en el comportamiento individual bajo formas “asentidas” de dominación.

En 1836, exiliado en Bolivia, Juan Ignacio Gorriti publica un extenso ensayo acerca de la inestabilidad política americana posrevolucionaria, Reflexiones sobre las causas morales de las convulsiones internas en los nuevos estados americanos y examen de los medios eficaces para remediarlos. Gorriti encuentra las causas de esa inestabilidad en el despotismo que se expandió en las nuevas repúblicas americanas como resultado de la revolución y de la guerra. Aunque la dimensión de su obra es americana, Gorriti deriva su análisis de la experiencia política rioplatense, de la cual ha participado activamente por veinte años. A fin de superar el despotismo, Gorriti propone la formación de un cuerpo de sacerdotes bien educado en cuestiones teológicas y cívicas que emprenda una evangelización republicana destinada a difundir en el pueblo una educación a la vez religiosa y republicana como única garantía de la creación de una ciudadanía responsable.

This article analyzes the perspectives of Arendt and Tocqueville in relation to the importance of the classical elements in the political analysis of the United States. Keeping this postulate in mind, we will proceed to visualize to what extent the dissolution of the classical meanings portrayed by Tocqueville in democracy in America, allow us to infer a deep dissension with respect to Arendt's interpretation in these matters, showing how the progressive character of democracy North American society inspired in the French thinker the description of a new type of democratic despotism. Likewise, the contrast of these interpretations will allow us to finally address the contemporary environment of the United States based on Wolin's "post-democracy" category, an instance that restores the actuality of Tocqueville's political thought in relation to democratic despotism without any risk of anachronism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]