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This study focused on synthesis of anionic magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) immobilized with a bisphenol A (BPA)-specific peptide aptamer for selective BPA adsorption. The MNP surface was coated with anionic poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) to provide water dispersibility and stability. These nanosorbents, with a saturation magnetization value of 47 emu/g, responded well to the change in zeta potential and hydrodynamic size with varying dispersion pH. The aptamer loading capacity of particles was 0.12 mg/mg MNPs, and the nanosorbents exhibited a 47% BPA adsorption capacity. Importantly, they shown high selectivity in capturing BPA over structurally similar molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionHeavy metals such as lead, aluminum, mercury, copper, cadmium, nickel, and arsenic are now commonly found worldwide. Among these, cadmium and lead are the most hazardous, posing significant risks to both the environment and human health. Cleaning soils contaminated with organic and inorganic contaminants is one of the most significant and fundamental challenges facing society today. One effective method for soil purification is to extract or immobilize the contaminant within the soil. Materials and MethodsIt is unclear how water-soluble polymers contribute to the immobilization of heavy metals. The purpose of this study is to examine how various polymers affect the immobilization of lead, zinc, and cadmium in the soil near a lead and zinc mine in the province of Zanjan. A factorial experiment with three replications was conducted using a randomized complete block design. The experimental treatments included one type of soil and three different kinds of acrylic polymers (cationic, nonionic, and anionic) applied at four different levels (0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2). The absorbable amounts of lead, zinc, and cadmium were tested at various intervals after the polymers were applied to the soil samples. After that, SAS statistical software was used to examine the data. To do this, the Duncan multiple range test was used to compare the means. The necessary tables and graphs were then created using Excel. Results and DiscussionThe findings demonstrated that, at 1% probability level, the kind of polymer had a considerable impact on the amount of lead, zinc, and cadmium that may be absorbed in the soil. The average concentration of soil-absorbable lead for the different types of polymers employed was 239.8, 260.15, and 267.65 mg/kg; anionic polymer had the lowest concentration. Stated differently, anionic polymer decreases the capacity to absorb lead and stabilizes more lead in the soil than the other two forms of polymer. Anionic polymers most likely have a stronger impact on soil granulation. Additionally, at 1% probability level, the impact of acrylic polymer intake on the amount of lead, zinc, and cadmium absorbable in the soil was considerable. With an increase in the amount of polymer utilized in the soil, the greatest absorbable lead concentration (301.58 mg/kg) in the control treatment dropped to the lowest absorbable lead concentration (0.2). It was possible to determine the polymer percentage and the lead concentration, which came out to be 205.9 mg/kg of soil. Zinc concentration dropped as acrylic polymer consumption increased; in the control treatment, absorbable zinc concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 83.5 mg/kg of soil, with 0.2 being the highest concentration. At 1% probability level, the impact of the polymer's contact time with the soil on the amount of lead, zinc, and cadmium that the soil may absorb was significant. As a result, the tested soil had 414.52 mg of these elements at the initial stage of polymer treatment. The quantity of absorbable lead in the soil became 66% immobilized after a month, and after 720 hours, the amount of absorbable lead dropped to 141.83 mg/kg. As the polymer's contact time with the soil increased, so did the concentration of absorbable zinc in the soil. At 1% probability level, there was a strong correlation between the kind and amount of acrylic polymers and the amount of lead, zinc, and cadmium that may be absorbed in the soil. The ingestion of 0.2% anionic polymer resulted in the largest amount of lead immobilization, lowering the soil's absorbable lead concentration from 300 to 192 mg/kg of soil. A higher amount of anionic polymer immobilized the lead, and both cationic and non-ionic polymers were positioned after it. Additionally, anionic polymer was more prevalent than cationic polymer. It caused the non-ionic polymer's absorbable zinc to become immobile. Following 720 hours of polymer treatment, the soil's absorbable zinc element was immobilized to a greater extent by the anionic polymer (20%) than by the cationic and non-ionic polymers (26%), respectively. In comparison to the original concentration, the largest amount of immobilization by anionic polymer after one month was 78%, and the lowest amount of immobilization by nonionic polymer was 61%. Anionic polymer was 27% more effective than non-ionic polymer, 18% more effective than cationic polymer, and stabilized more cadmium. Conclusion The results of this study showed that with increasing the duration of contact of polymers used with the soil, the amount of mobility of heavy metals in the soil decreased and also with increasing the amount of polymer consumption, the rate of metal stabilization in the soil increased. Anionic polymers immobilize more lead, zinc and cadmium in soil. To reduce the mobility of lead, zinc and cadmium and improve the stability and increase aggregation in soil, the use of acrylic polymer in contaminated soil is recommended.

IntroductionHeavy metals such as lead, aluminum, mercury, copfa, cadmium, nickel, and arsenic are now commonly found worldwide. Among these, cadmium and lead are the most hazardous, posing significant risks to both the environment and human health. Cleaning soils contaminated with organic and inorganic contaminants is one of the most significant and fundamental challenes facing society today. One effective method for soil purification is to extract or immobilize the contaminant within the soil. Materials and MethodsIt is unclear how water-soluble polymers contribute to the immobilization of heavy metals. The purpose of this study is to examine how various polymers affect the immobilization of lead, zinc, and cadmium in the soil near a lead and zinc mine in the province of Zanjan. A factorial exfaiment with three replications was conducted using a randomized complete block design. The exfaimental treatments included one type of soil and three different kinds of acrylic polymers (cationic, nonionic, and anionic) applied at four different levels (0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2). The absorbable amounts of lead, zinc, and cadmium were tested at various intervals after the polymers were applied to the soil samples. After that, SAS statistical software was used to examine the data. To do this, the Duncan multiple range test was used to compare the means. The necessary tables and graphs were then created using Excel. Results and DiscussionThe findings demonstrated that, at 1% probability level, the kind of polymer had a considerable impact on the amount of lead, zinc, and cadmium that may be absorbed in the soil. The average concentration of soil-absorbable lead for the different types of polymers employed was 239.8, 260.15, and 267.65 mg/kg; anionic polymer had the lowest concentration. Stated differently, anionic polymer decreases the capacity to absorb lead and stabilizes more lead in the soil than the other two forms of polymer. Anionic polymers most likely have a stronger impact on soil granulation. Additionally, at 1% probability level, the impact of acrylic polymer intake on the amount of lead, zinc, and cadmium absorbable in the soil was considerable. With an increase in the amount of polymer utilized in the soil, the greatest absorbable lead concentration (301.58 mg/kg) in the control treatment dropped to the lowest absorbable lead concentration (0.2). It was possible to determine the polymer facentage and the lead concentration, which came out to be 205.9 mg/kg of soil. Zinc concentration dropped as acrylic polymer consumption increased; in the control treatment, absorbable zinc concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 83.5 mg/kg of soil, with 0.2 being the highest concentration. At 1% probability level, the impact of the polymer's contact time with the soil on the amount of lead, zinc, and cadmium that the soil may absorb was significant. As a result, the tested soil had 414.52 mg of these elements at the initial stage of polymer treatment. The quantity of absorbable lead in the soil became 66% immobilized after a month, and after 720 hours, the amount of absorbable lead dropped to 141.83 mg/kg. As the polymer's contact time with the soil increased, so did the concentration of absorbable zinc in the soil. At 1% probability level, there was a strong correlation between the kind and amount of acrylic polymers and the amount of lead, zinc, and cadmium that may be absorbed in the soil. The ingestion of 0.2% anionic polymer resulted in the largest amount of lead immobilization, lowering the soil's absorbable lead concentration from 300 to 192 mg/kg of soil. A higher amount of anionic polymer immobilized the lead, and both cationic and non-ionic polymers were positioned after it. Additionally, anionic polymer was more prevalent than cationic polymer. It caused the non-ionic polymer's absorbable zinc to become immobile. Following 720 hours of polymer treatment, the soil's absorbable zinc element was immobilized to a greater extent by the anionic polymer (20%) than by the cationic and non-ionic polymers (26%), respectively. In comparison to the original concentration, the largest amount of immobilization by anionic polymer after one month was 78%, and the lowest amount of immobilization by nonionic polymer was 61%. Anionic polymer was 27% more effective than non-ionic polymer, 18% more effective than cationic polymer, and stabilized more cadmium. Conclusion The results of this study showed that with increasing the duration of contact of polymers used with the soil, the amount of mobility of heavy metals in the soil decreased and also with increasing the amount of polymer consumption, the rate of metal stabilization in the soil increased. Anionic polymers immobilize more lead, zinc and cadmium in soil. To reduce the mobility of lead, zinc and cadmium and improve the stability and increase aggregation in soil, the use of acrylic polymer in contaminated soil is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study focuses on the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) coated with poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (PPEGMA) and/or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to anchor palladium nanoparticles (Pd) for their application as recyclable catalysts in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4NP). It was hypothesized that the abundance of oxygen atoms in PPEGMA enabled coordination with the Pd and provided good water dispersibility of the nanocomposites, while anionic PAA stabilized Pd and reduced the catalyst aggregation through electrostatic repulsion. Three different polymer coatings on MNP (PAA, PPEGMA, and PAA-co-PPEGMA polymers) were investigated to assess their influence on both the catalytic activity and reusability of the catalysts. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis indicated the distribution of spherical Pd nanoparticles (3–5 nm in diameter) and MNP (9–12 nm in diameter). Photocorrelation spectroscopy (PCS) revealed an average hydrodynamic size of the catalysts ranging from 540 to 875 nm in diameter, with a negative charge on their surface. The Pd content of the catalysts ranged from 4.30 to 6.33% w/w. The nanocomposites coated with PAA-co-PPEGMA polymers exhibited more favorable catalytic activity in the 4NP reduction than those coated with PAA or PPEGMA homopolymers. Interestingly, those containing PAA (e.g., PAA and PAA-co-PPEGMA polymers) exhibited good reusability for the 4NP reduction with a slight decrease in their catalytic performance after 26 cycles. This indicates the important role of carboxyl groups in PAA in maintaining high tolerance after multiple uses. Graphical abstract

This study focuses on the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) coated with poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (PPEGMA) and/or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to anchor palladium nanoparticles (Pd) for their application as recyclable catalysts in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4NP). It was hypothesized that the abundance of oxygen atoms in PPEGMA enabled coordination with the Pd and provided good water dispersibility of the nanocomposites, while anionic PAA stabilized Pd and reduced the catalyst aggregation through electrostatic repulsion. Three different polymer coatings on MNP (PAA, PPEGMA, and PAA-co-PPEGMA polymers) were investigated to assess their influence on both the catalytic activity and reusability of the catalysts. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis indicated the distribution of spherical Pd nanoparticles (3–5 nm in diameter) and MNP (9–12 nm in diameter). Photocorrelation spectroscopy (PCS) revealed an average hydrodynamic size of the catalysts ranging from 540 to 875 nm in diameter, with a negative charge on their surface. The Pd content of the catalysts ranged from 4.30 to 6.33% w/w. The nanocomposites coated with PAA-co-PPEGMA polymers exhibited more favorable catalytic activity in the 4NP reduction than those coated with PAA or PPEGMA homopolymers. Interestingly, those containing PAA (e.g., PAA and PAA-co-PPEGMA polymers) exhibited good reusability for the 4NP reduction with a slight decrease in their catalytic performance after 26 cycles. This indicates the important role of carboxyl groups in PAA in maintaining high tolerance after multiple uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ketoconazole has low solubility in intestinal pH, whereas drug absorption is largest in the small intestine, which can reduce the bioavailability of the drug. Alginate can be combined with a suitable polymer and cross-linked with divalent ions and another polymer to enhance the solubility of the drug. Ketoconazole could be loaded into a matrix polymer consisting of alginate and anionic polymer through hydrogen bonds formed with the N atom of the ketoconazole. The method employed to produce ketoconazole beads involved ionic gelation with CaCl2 as a cross- linking agent, and various polymer combinations were used: alginate 100:0 (AL100), alginate:pectin 75:25 (AP75) and 50:50 (AP50), alginate:gum acacia 75:25 (AG75) and 50:50 (AG50), and alginate:carrageenan 75:25 (AK75) and 50:50 (AK50). The beads were characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), swelling study, in vitro drug release study, and solubility determination. The incorporation of ketoconazole into combination matrices of AL100, AG75, AP75, AP50, and AK75 resulted in significantly higher solubility in FaSSIF-2X (Fasted State Simulated Intestinal Fluid) at pH 6.5 compared to pure ketoconazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cationic silica scale inhibitors are widely used, but are prone to precipitation and exhibit poor performance in geothermal systems. In this study, the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine ethoxylate (PEIE) was first found to have high silica scale inhibition efficiency. Three anionic polymers were added separately to PEIE solutions to alleviate the precipitation and scaling. The inhibition effect of PEIE alone and PEIE with anionic polymers were measured at 40°C without salt and 136.7°C with salt. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the inhibition mechanism. The results showed that PEIE exhibited good inhibition efficiency of 62% at 40°C without salt and 48% at 136.7°C with salt, while the addition of the anionic polymer acrylic acid‐2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AA/AMPS) to PEIE further improved to 71% and 62%. Compared with commercial inhibitors, the PEIE + AA/AMPS enhanced at least 15% scale inhibition efficiency. This is because the addition of AA/AMPS: (1) enhances the attraction of PEIE to silicic acid and inhibits the silicic acid condensation process; (2) chelates metal ions that promote condensation; and (3) enhances dispersion ability, stabilizing the colloid formed by PEIE and silicic acid. This study provides a promising new inhibitor and efficient strategy for inhibiting silica scale in geothermal systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study investigated the frequent blockages observed in the discharge pipeline in the chemical mechanical polishing wastewater treatment plant. Preliminary analyses indicated that blockages were predominantly consisted of residual organically-bounded Al due to overdosage of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and anionic polymer during coagulation-flocculation process. To minimize the recurrence of blockage, jar test experiments were conducted in this study to identify optimum dosages of PACl and anionic polymer as well as optimum pH value. According to the model derived from jar tests, the optimum PACl dosage was dependent on the soluble Cu concentration of wastewater with low initial turbidity [ 1000 NTU), while the optimal PACl dosage was 30 mg L−1 when initial turbidity around 7000 NTU. The change of pH in the range of 8 to 9.5 did not significantly affect the turbidity or Cu removal, however, higher pH increased the deposition of residual monomeric Al species which might lead to blockage. In summary, controlling PACl dosage at optimum dosage under the conditions of pH 8.5 ± 0.5 and 1 mg L−1 polymer could reduce the blockage occurrence as well as maintain the effluent quality to meet the standards.

Locally delivered pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has proven to be a promising strategy to combat Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission but several findings encountered toxicities or proved to be marginally effective in clinical settings. Therefore, innovative, multifunctional, and safer alternatives are being progressively investigated. Herein, we explored negatively charged carbohydrate, anionic pullulan (AP) as a rapidly soluble film-former and novel anti-HIV agent. Additionally, Bictegravir (BCT), an HIV integrase inhibitor was co-delivered in the form of nanomicelles for sustained antiviral activity. BCT-loaded PLGA-PEG polymeric nanomicelles (BN) were incorporated into PVA/pullulan-based film matrix comprising of 2 % w / v AP (BN-AP film). In cell-based assays, biocompatibility and TEER values for BN-AP films were similar to control while the commercial vaginal contraceptive film (VCF®) showed severe cytotoxicity and drastically reduced the tight junction integrity. Rapid disintegration of BN-AP film with >85 % drug release was observed in simulated vaginal and seminal fluid. Most importantly, AP and BN-AP film significantly inhibited HIV-1 replication with IC 50 at as low as 91 μg/mL and 0.708 nM, respectively. Therefore, this study entails successful development of BN-AP film that functioned as an effective, biocompatible dual-acting PrEP formulation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the frequent blockages observed in the discharge pipeline in the chemical mechanical polishing wastewater treatment plant. Preliminary analyses indicated that blockages were predominantly consisted of residual organically-bounded Al due to overdosage of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and anionic polymer during coagulation-flocculation process. To minimize the recurrence of blockage, jar test experiments were conducted in this study to identify optimum dosages of PACl and anionic polymer as well as optimum pH value. According to the model derived from jar tests, the optimum PACl dosage was dependent on the soluble Cu concentration of wastewater with low initial turbidity [< 1000 nephelometry turbidity units (NTU)]. The PACl dosage would require more than 5 mg L−1 when soluble copper below 20 mg L−1, while PACl is not necessary when more than 20 mg L−1 of soluble copper in the wastewater. On the other hand, optimal PACl dosage was dependent on the initial turbidity of wastewater with high initial turbidity (> 1000 NTU), while the optimal PACl dosage was 30 mg L−1 when initial turbidity around 7000 NTU. The change of pH in the range of 8 to 9.5 did not significantly affect the turbidity or Cu removal, however, higher pH increased the deposition of residual monomeric Al species which might lead to blockage. In summary, controlling PACl dosage at optimum dosage under the conditions of pH 8.5 ± 0.5 and 1 mg L−1 polymer could reduce the blockage occurrence as well as maintain the effluent quality to meet the standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymers are effective products widely used in the solid-liquid separation of industrial wastes. Making solid-liquid separation in the wastes ensures that the wastes can be stored more regularly and efficiently, while removing the high water content from the landfill makes the accumulated wastes not a threat to the environment and reduces the waste volume by a significant amount, thus reducing the storage costs. Polymer performance is measured by turbidity tests. Many factors affect the effectiveness of the polymers used in solid-liquid separation, such as mixing speed, mixing time, settling time of slurry, temperature, and storage time which is the time elapsed between the use of the solid polymer after it has been prepared as a liquid solution. In this experimental study, the waste obtained from the tailings dam of the Kütahya Espey boron enrichment (concentrator) plant in its natural form, representing an industrial waste, was first dried, and then a waste ground suspension was prepared by taking the water/soil ratio in the tailings dam into account. The factors affecting the polymer performance in solid-liquid separation were determined by mixing four anionic polymers with different molecular weights into the prepared soil suspension. According to the findings, the ideal mixing speed has been determined to be 200-250 rpm, the mixing time as 1-3 minutes, and the settling time of the suspension between 2-4 minutes. Also, the suspension temperature was found to be a factor that could affect the turbidity and flocculation according to the polymer type. Moreover, the polymer solution can be used for 7 days without a decrease in its effectiveness, 24 hours after it is prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart hydrogels that can respond to external stimuli such as temperature and pH have attracted tremendous interest for biological and biomedical applications. In this work, we synthesized two alginate-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (Alg-g-PNIPAAm) copolymers and aimed to prepare smart hydrogels through formation of polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) between the negatively charged Alg-g-PNIPAAm copolymers and the positively charged chitosan (Cts) in aqueous solutions. The hydrogels were expected to be able to respond to both temperature and pH changes due to the nature of Alg-g-PNIPAAm and chitosan. The hydrogel formation was determined by a test tube inverting method and confirmed by the rheological measurements. The rheological measurements showed that the PEC hydrogels formed at room temperature could be further enhanced by increasing temperature over the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAAm, because PNIPAAm would change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic upon increasing temperature over its LCST, and the hydrophobic interaction between the PNIPAAm segments may act as additional physical crosslinking. The controlled release properties of the hydrogels were studied by using the organic dye rhodamine B (RB) as a model drug at different pH. The PEC hydrogels could sustain the RB release more efficiently at neutral pH. Both low pH and high pH weakened the PEC hydrogels, and resulted in less sustained release profiles. The release kinetics data were found to fit well to the Krosmyer–Peppas power law model. The analysis of the release kinetic parameters obtained by the modelling indicates that the release of RB from the PEC hydrogels followed mechanisms combining diffusion and dissolution of the hydrogels, but the release was mainly governed by diffusion with less dissolution at pH 7.4 when the PEC hydrogels were stronger and stabler than those at pH 5.0 and 10.0. Therefore, the PEC hydrogels are a kind of smart hydrogels holding great potential for drug delivery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart hydrogels that can respond to external stimuli such as temperature and pH have attracted tremendous interest for biological and biomedical applications. In this work, we synthesized two alginate-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (Alg-g-PNIPAAm) copolymers and aimed to prepare smart hydrogels through formation of polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) between the negatively charged Alg-g-PNIPAAm copolymers and the positively charged chitosan (Cts) in aqueous solutions. The hydrogels were expected to be able to respond to both temperature and pH changes due to the nature of Alg-g-PNIPAAm and chitosan. The hydrogel formation was determined by a test tube inverting method and confirmed by the rheological measurements. The rheological measurements showed that the PEC hydrogels formed at room temperature could be further enhanced by increasing temperature over the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAAm, because PNIPAAm would change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic upon increasing temperature over its LCST, and the hydrophobic interaction between the PNIPAAm segments may act as additional physical crosslinking. The controlled release properties of the hydrogels were studied by using the organic dye rhodamine B (RB) as a model drug at different pH. The PEC hydrogels could sustain the RB release more efficiently at neutral pH. Both low pH and high pH weakened the PEC hydrogels, and resulted in less sustained release profiles. The release kinetics data were found to fit well to the Krosmyer–Peppas power law model. The analysis of the release kinetic parameters obtained by the modelling indicates that the release of RB from the PEC hydrogels followed mechanisms combining diffusion and dissolution of the hydrogels, but the release was mainly governed by diffusion with less dissolution at pH 7.4 when the PEC hydrogels were stronger and stabler than those at pH 5.0 and 10.0. Therefore, the PEC hydrogels are a kind of smart hydrogels holding great potential for drug delivery applications.

Water-based drilling fluids (WDFs) as a thermally unstable colloidal system play an essential role in the drilling operation. The filtration loss control of WDFs under high temperature and salt contamination has been a research hotspot. In this study, the copolymer (named DSA) containing different cyclic side groups was synthesized to control the filtration loss of WDFs. The chemical structure and thermal stability of the DSA were analyzed. The result showed that DSA exhibited only a slight weight loss (6.0 wt%) until 300 °C. The effect of DSA concentration on the rheological performance of WDFs was investigated with a HAAKE rheometer. The filtration loss control ability of DSA was evaluated according to the American Petroleum Institute standards. The filtration loss volume of WDFs with 15 wt% NaCl could be controlled to 9.6 ml with 2.0 wt% DSA after aging at 190 ℃. To study the mechanism, the absorption behavior of DSA on bentonite with concentration was studied. The saturated absorption capacity of 2.0 wt% DSA on bentonite was 94.7 mg/g. The effect of DSA on the dispersion of WDFs was analyzed by measuring the zeta potential and particles size distribution. Then, the micromorphology and permeability of the filter cakes for WDFs were analyzed. According to the results, DSA effectively absorbed on the bentonite surface, reducing the zeta potential and particles size of the bentonite to form filter cakes with low permeability. The filtration loss of WDFs was then controlled by DSA. The research results were instructive for the development of polymer with high temperature and salt resistance for WDFs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regenerated cellulose (RC) that is produced from 'green' alkali/urea system has been extensively studied and fabricated into hydrogel. The versatility of RC products can be combined with other natural polymers to enhance their applicability. In this work, ampholytic polyelectrolyte RC-hydrogels were fabricated successfully via a facile technique of homogenous RC/chitosan(CS)/carrageenan(CG) in NaOH/urea aqueous system with no phase separation occurs between anionic and cationic polymers. The chemical structure of the hydrogels were characterized by using ATR-FTIR and XRD while for morphological structure, VPSEM was performed. The swelling kinetics, swelling capacity, water uptake in different pH media, gel fraction and gel degradation of hydrogels were determined. The swelling kinetics of hydrogels followed the first-order kinetic for swelling in distilled water and different pH media with all R 2 > 0.9. The addition of CS into the hydrogels also gave the highest swelling capacity and gel fraction that reached 104.30% and 97.93%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that ampholytic RC/CG/CS hydrogels had good water uptake in low pH solution due to macromolecular chain relaxation of CS. However, under high pH, low water uptake was recorded in all resulting hydrogels due to hydrogel's internal colloidal shrinkage due to amine group in CS accumulation and free release of sulfate group in CG. The degradation test revealed that hydrogels without CS had the huge dry weight loss after 24 days at 9.26% and all hydrogels were degraded according to surface erosion manner. Not applicable. • Polyelectrolyte regenerated cellulose hydrogel by simple one pot method. • Homogenous blended of carrageenan and chitosan in sodium hydroxide/urea system. • Chitosan improved the degradation of regenerated cellulose hydrogel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]